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Ryoko Hagura

Publications and source records attributed to Ryoko Hagura.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Screening and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy using a new mosaic 9-field fundus photography system.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of a newly developed fundus photographing system and assess its applicability to telemedicine. METHODS: Nine overlapping 45 degrees fundus photographs were taken by a new camera equipped with nine internal fixation targets to provide standardized 9-field photographs. The digitally stored images were either edited in 3x3 form or reconstructed as collage (9F) and compared to the ophthalmological examination (OP) and single-field non-mydriatic photography (SC). In telemedicine, 9-field images derived from 61 adolescent diabetics were sent to ophthalmologists over an analog phone line. RESULTS: The sensitivities of the examinations by 9F without and with mydriasis (78 and 82%) were equivalent to OP (84%) and superior to SC (64%). The diagnosis of severity by 9F was also comparable to those by OP, whereas SC tended to underestimate the severity. An average of 1 min 19 s was required to send one edited 9-field photography (average size 259+/-30 KB) over the Internet. Twelve of these eyes were diagnosed as diabetic retinopathy on a desktop monitor whereas SC gave only seven. CONCLUSION: This new 9-field fundus photography system can be appropriate for the screening and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy in adult and adolescent diabetic subjects, especially when applied to telemedicine over the Internet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.

An adipocyte-derived peptide, adiponectin (also known as GBP28), is decreased in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Recent genome-wide scans have mapped a diabetes susceptibility locus to chromosome 3q27, where the adiponectin gene (APM1) is located. Herein, we present evidence of an association between frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions 45 and 276 in the adiponectin gene and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively). Subjects with the G/G genotype at position 45 or the G/G genotype at position 276 had a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.09-2.65] and 2.16 [1.22-3.95], respectively) compared with those having the T/T genotype at positions 45 and 276, respectively. In addition, the subjects with the G/G genotype at position 276 had a higher insulin resistance index than those with the T/T genotype (1.61 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.12, P = 0.001). The G allele at position 276 was linearly associated with lower plasma adiponectin levels (G/G: 10.4 +/- 0.85 microg/ml, G/T: 13.7 +/- 0.87 microg/ml, T/T: 16.6 +/- 2.24 microg/ml, P = 0.01) in subjects with higher BMIs. Based on these findings together with the observation that adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity in animal models, we conclude that the adiponectin gene may be a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes.

Adiponectin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of PPARgamma in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

It has been well demonstrated that insulin resistance plays an important role in the clustering of coronary risk factors through the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models of insulin resistance. In humans, a high-fat diet is the major cause of obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in high-fat diet induced-obesity and insulin resistance by gene targeting and case-control study using the common PPARgamma2 polymorphism in human subjects. Homozygous PPARgamma-deficient embryos died at 10.5-11.5 dpc due to placental dysfunction. Heterozygous PPARgamma-deficient mice were protected from the development of insulin resistance due to adipocyte hypertrophy under a high-fat diet and the phenotypes were abrogated by PPARgamma agonist treatment. Heterozygous PPARgamma-deficient mice showed overexpression and hypersecretion of leptin despite the smaller size of adipocytes and decreased fat mass, which may explain these phenotypes at least in part. This study reveals a hitherto unpredicted role for PPARgamma in high-fat diet-induced obesity due to adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance, which requires both alleles of PPARgamma. A Pro12Ala polymorphism has been detected in the human PPARgamma2 gene. Since this amino acid substitution may cause a reduction in the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma, this polymorphism may be associated with decreased insulin resistance and decreased risk of Type 2 diabetes. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed a case-control study of the Pro12Ala PPARgamma2 polymorphism. In an obese group, subjects with Ala12 were more insulin sensitive than those without. The frequency of Ala12 was significantly lower in the diabetic group, suggesting that this polymorphism protects against Type 2 diabetes. These results revealed that both in mice and humans, PPARgamma is a thrifty gene mediating Type 2 diabetes.

Amino Acid Substitution↗