PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S A Danner

Publications and source records attributed to S A Danner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[HIV and dentistry. Part 3. HIV infection: pathogenesis, epidemiology, definitions and classification].

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that selectively deteriorates cell-mediated immunity. Consequently fatal opportunistic infections and/or malignancies occur. In this paper the pathogenesis and the epidemiology of HIV infection are described. In addition the 1993 revised classification for HIV infection and the expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS are presented.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a phase I study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of the nucleoside analogue, 3TC. DESIGN: A Phase I, open-label, single-centre study. METHODS: Twenty asymptomatic, HIV-infected male patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts < 500 x 10(6)/l who had not received previous antiretroviral therapy completed the study. Each patient received a single intravenous dose followed by a single oral dose of 3TC. Four patients were dosed at each of five dose levels (0.25, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg). RESULTS: The most commonly reported adverse event was headache, which was generally reported to be mild. The mean bioavailability of 3TC was 82% following oral administration. The majority of the dose (approximately 70%) was excreted unchanged in the urine. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 3TC was well tolerated following dosing, and there were no significant changes in the safety parameters measured. Phase I/II clinical trials with 3TC are ongoing to evaluate its safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Attitudes of health-care workers towards AIDS at three Dutch hospitals.

A questionnaire survey was held among 938 doctors and 2304 nurses to assess their attitudes toward AIDS and the influence of their concern about the occupational risks involved. The response was 65 and 72%, respectively. The results suggest that in treating patients with actual or possible HIV infection, in non-invasive procedures many doctors and nurses often take too many precautions, whereas in invasive procedures doctors often take too few. A minority of the respondents were in favour of testing all patients. The majority felt that patients in the high-risk groups should be tested. The percentage in favour of anonymous testing was considerably higher among the doctors than among the nurses. Most of the doctors and nurses were concerned about contagion by patients. This concern had a negative influence on their attitudes toward AIDS. Factual information alone does not suffice to dispel excessive concern. In training and educating medical personnel, attention should be devoted to cognitive as well as emotional aspects.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on leucopenia in zidovudine-treated patients with AIDS and AIDS related complex, a phase I/II study.

Twelve male patients, eight with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and four with AIDS related complex (ARC), who had zidovudine associated neutropenia (less than 1 x 10(9) neutrophils/l) were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a phase I/II study. Treatment consisted of daily subcutaneous injections with G-CSF in a weekly increasing dose of 0.4, 2, 5 or 10 micrograms/kg body weight until a neutrophil count of more than 3 x 10(9) neutrophils/l was observed. This effective dose was continued for up to 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks observation period without G-CSF treatment. Two patients (both with ARC) reached target neutrophil counts at the lowest G-CSF dose, whereas nine patients needed 2 micrograms/kg. One patient discontinued treatment before he reached target neutrophil counts. Mean (+/- SD) neutrophil counts before and after 1 and 4 weeks of effective dose treatment were 0.65(+/- 0.188) x 10(9), 6.016(+/- 2.595) x 10(9) and 5.54(+/- 4.237) x 10(9)/l respectively (P less than 0.01). The number of monocytes increased from 0.171(+/- 0.113) to 0.501(+/- 0.274) and 0.474(+/- 0.374) x 10(9)/l after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment (P less than 0.01). Other haematologic parameters did not change significantly. Two weeks post-treatment the numbers of neutrophils and monocytes had returned to pre-treatment values. Mild side effects consisting of bone, joint or muscle pain were observed in three patients. Two patients (both with AIDS) did not complete the study. One patient stopped treatment because of fever and malaise, attributable to a generalized cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and one patient had to stop zidovudine treatment because of severe thrombocytopenia. We conclude that G-CSF increases the number of circulating neutrophilic granulocytes in zidovudine-treated patients at relatively low doses and with few side-effects.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1991

Combined zidovudine and interferon-alpha treatment in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.

The effectiveness of addition of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to zidovudine in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma was assessed in a non-randomized, phase II clinical trial. Twenty-one patients were treated with oral zidovudine (600 mg daily) and IFN-alpha was increased to 18 MU daily for another 4 weeks. Only one of the 20 evaluable patients achieved a partial response at 8 weeks, that lasted for 3 months. Despite IFN-alpha dose escalation in six patients, no further responses were seen. While myelotoxicity was mild, fatigue was the dose-limiting side-effect that prevented dose escalation in seven eligible patients. The combined treatment did not result in a decrease in HIV-Ag. In summary, our results indicate that the addition of IFN-alpha to zidovudine in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma is not an efficacious treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Generalized histoplasmosis in 3 patients with an HIV infection].

Three patients with generalized histoplasmosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. Symptoms of generalized histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS are not specific and concomitant opportunistic infections frequently occur. Two patients suffered from an infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one patient had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and one had cerebral toxoplasmosis. One patient had serological results positive for Histoplasma capsulatum. Two of the three patients showed rapid clinical improvement on amphotericin B but this was temporary and all patients died within 5 months.

Adult↗