Single-comb white leghorn hens infected with either B4 or C2 strain of Eimeria mitis produced watery droppings as early as day 5 PI. E. mitis infection did not affect egg weight. However, specific gravities of the eggs produced by the hens infected with E. mitis were lower than those produced by the controls. Egg production was significantly reduced temporarily, but most birds returned to production within 14 days. Many of the birds that ceased to lay went through a complete-body molt (56% of the C2-infected hens and 20% of the B4-infected hens). Hens that ceased to lay regained considerable amounts of pigment in their skin, beaks, and shanks.

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Pathogenicity and control of Eimeria mitis infections in broiler chickens.

The pathogenicity of two strains (B4 and C2) of Eimeria mitis was studied using young broiler chickens. Both strains of coccidia were pathogenic, and C2 strain was more virulent than B4. Growth of the broilers was depressed as early as day 3 postinoculation (PI), but the depression was greatest during days 5 and 6 PI. Feed conversion and shank skin pigment of the young broiler chickens were concomitantly affected by infections of E. mitis. Infection subsided by day 7 or 8 PI and was accompanied by a compensatory growth. The drugs effective against the infections were halofuginone, lasalocid, monensin, and nicarbazin. The least efficacious were zoalene and amprolium plus ethopabate.

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Eimeria mitis: immunogenicity and cross immunity of two isolates.

The ability of two isolates of Eimeria mitis to provide protection against homologous or heterologous challenge was examined. Based on weight gain and feed efficiency of male chickens, the B4 and C2 isolates protected against both homologous and heterologous challenge. The unprotected chickens suffered severe growth depression and impairment of feed utilization. Birds were inoculated with a series of increasing immunizing doses and became immune by the sixth dose. The C2 isolate (strain) appeared to be more immunogenic than the B4 isolate (strain).

Animal Feed↗

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Ultrastructure of schizonts and merozoites of Eimeria mitis and E. mivati of the chicken.

Measurements of fourth-generation schizonts and merozoites of Eimeria mitis averaged 10.3 (8.7-12.4) x 7.2 (6.3-8.2) and 5.06 x 1.75 microns, respectively, whereas schizonts and merozoites of E. mivati averaged 8.0 (6.9-9.1) x 6.5 (6.2-6.8) and 5.88 x 0.75 micron, respectively. Schizonts of E. mitis had six or seven merozoites each, whereas schizonts of E. mivati had as many as 20 merozoites. The structural components of the merozoites of both species appeared similar. E. mitis parasites penetrated deeper into the host cells than E. mivati. There was usually only one E. mitis fourth-generation schizont or gamete per host cell and more than one of E. mivati per cell.

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An outbreak of urolithiasis in single-comb white Leghorn pullets.

An outbreak of urolithiasis characterized by high mortality and emaciation in a flock of leghorn pullets is reported. The etiology was not ascertained. Other signs were swollen feet associated with articulate gout. Visceral gout, atrophy, or irregular hypertrophy of the kidneys were also observed. Many birds had one or both ureters enlarged with white uroliths. Microscopic lesions were urate granulomas, necrosis and loss of kidney parenchyma associated with tubular dilation, and edematous and fibrotic interstitium.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Additional details of the life history of the chicken coccidium Eimeria mitis Tyzzer, 1929.

Four asexual generations of Eimeria mitis were identified. The first three developed above the epithelial cell nuclei, but the fourth developed above and below. Meronts measured 13.8 x 16.4 microns, 16.1 x 16.4 microns, 12.1 x 14.6 microns, and 9.5 x 12.4 microns, respectively, of generations 1, 2, 3, and 4. They matured at 36, 67, 72, and 88 hr postinoculation (PI) and contain 20-24, 16-20, 10-14, and 7-10 merozoites, respectively. Merozonts measured 7.2 x 1.9 microns, 8.5 x 2.5 microns, 9.6 x 2.0 microns, and 6.75 x 2.75 microns, respectively. The first two types of meronts were deep in the crypts and epithelial cells. The third and fourth types of meronts were along the side and tip of the villi. Gametocytes developed from third and fourth generation. Gamonts were usually below the nuclei of the epithelial cells. Parasitism was primarily in the ileum, ceca, and rectum and also in the yolk-sac diverticulum.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Immunity development in chickens to the large intestinal roundworm, Ascaridia galli.

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Animals↗