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Biomedical subjects

S A Fayle

Publications and source records attributed to S A Fayle.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The use of the local analgesia syringe in children. Should it be kept out of sight? A clinical trial of two methods of presentation.

AIM: The study was carried out to determine whether showing a local analgesia (LA) syringe to a child would influence behaviour during subsequent administration of LA, as opposed to concealing it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 children were randomly assigned to either a show (13) or no-show (12) group. The children were aged 4 years and 3 months to 8 years and 9 months, mean age 7 years and 9 months. One operator carried out all LA administrations. The procedure and dialogue were strictly standardised. Each child was filmed during LA administration. Three paediatric dentists scored the video recorded behaviours, using the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. The raters were blind as to which group the child belonged to. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the behaviour ratings of the no-show and the show groups during LA administration (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Overall, the behaviour of the children in the show group did not differ from the behaviour of children in the no-show group. Whether to show or not to show the LA syringe is probably dependent on the behavioural skills of the operator.

Clinical Trial↗
PubMed2002

A clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of a three-headed versus a conventional toothbrush for oral hygiene in children.

AIM: The study was designed to compare the efficacy of the Superbrush three-headed with a conventional brush for oral hygiene in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was 78 children attending three primary schools in Leeds (UK). The clinical trial consisted of a single blind, randomized, four visits, crossover and single use toothbrush design. Subjects were randomized to one of two test groups (A and B). The 16-week trial consisted of four visits with a washout period of four weeks between the second and third visits. Both brushes were used with a horizontal mini-scrubbing strokes technique. Plaque scores were recorded at each visit using the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index as modified by Turesky et al. [1970]. RESULTS: Using a paired t-test the results from the outcome measures of the four visits indicated that buccally the conventional brush was superior in plaque removal to the three- headed brush, lingually there was no difference between brushes. Although over-all plaque removal was similar for both brushes, 85% of the children preferred the Superbrush. CONCLUSION: Significant improvements in plaque removal in children can be achieved following good tooth brushing instructions regardless of the design of toothbrush used.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

The management of drooling in children and patients with mental and physical disabilities: a literature review.

Amongst the duties of the paediatric dentist is the provision of oral care to patients with the problem of drooling. Many, but certainly not all, of these patients have physical and/or learning disabilities. Various methods have been advocated for the management of drooling in the paediatric patient and older patients with disabilities, including behavioural programmes, biofeedback techniques, physiotherapy, biofunctional oral appliances, medication and surgery. It is of paramount importance that the patients and/or carers understand the advantages and disadvantages of any treatment method being considered. The paediatric dentist has an important role to play in explaining the different options to the patients and carers, and in implementing some treatment modalities, particularly non-surgical approaches. Referral to surgical specialists should be seen as 'a last resort' and suggested only if other treatment methods have been exhausted. If pharmacological or surgical treatment is carried out, careful monitoring for the development of dental caries and other problems is essential. The aim of this paper is to provide the paediatric dentist with concise overall knowledge of the causes of drooling and treatment options available.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Decontamination of dental unit water systems: a review of current recommendations.

It is now recognised that water delivered to dental handpieces and air/water syringes via dental unit water systems may become significantly contaminated with micro-organisms which originate from the incoming water supply and, to a lesser extent, with oral micro-organisms. The purpose of this article is to review the literature relating to the risks associated with contamination of dental unit water systems and methods which may be used to minimise these risks.

Biofilms↗
PubMed1994

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria--oral manifestations and dental treatment in childhood: a case report.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare condition resulting from an inborn error in prophyrin metabolism. This deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia, photosensitivity, blistering of the skin, and deposition of red-brown pigments in the bones and teeth. The literature regarding the dental aspects of this disorder is briefly reviewed and the preventive, restorative, and esthetic dental management of a 4-year-old child with congenital erythropoietic porphyria is described.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Salivary levels of anticonvulsants: a practical approach to drug monitoring.

Phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, primidone, and ethosuximide were measured in saliva and plasma obtained simultaneoulsy from 115 patients. A method to correct for the effect of salivary pH on phenobarbital concentration of saliva was developed. Salivary concentrations of these drugs were found to be equivalent to the plasma free drug and to correlate closely with the total plasma levels. Expressed as percent of total plasma drug, the salivary (S) and plasma free (P) concentrations were: phenytoin, S 11.1 +/- 2.0 percent (mean +/- SD), P 10.1 +/- 2.4 percent (r = 0.97); carbamazepine, S 26.0 +/- 2.4 percent, P 25.9 +/- 3.4 percent (r = 0.97); phenobarbital, S 43.1 +/- 5.2 percent, P 40.8 +/- 7.9 percent (r = 0.91); primidone, S 75.4 +/- 24.9 percent, P 66.4 +/- 8.8 percent (r = 0.76). Ethosuximide was not bound by plasma proteins, and its plasma and salivary levels were equal.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of space maintainers at a UK pediatric dentistry department.

Space maintainers have been in use in pediatric dentistry for many years. The use of these appliances, however, in terms of indications, contraindications, design, and construction, has gained little attention from researchers. It is clearly essential that when space maintainers are fitted, it is the result of careful planning and appropriate prescriptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral complications in pediatric oncology patients.

This study investigated the oral problems occurring in children receiving treatment for malignant disease at a regional oncology center. Forty-three children 2 to 14 years old were followed longitudinally from initial diagnosis for periods ranging from eight to 30 weeks for the development of oral and dental problems. Fifteen children had untreated decay; two required the removal of primary teeth before they began chemotherapy. Three children developed acute dental infections during treatment. Forty (93%) developed oral problems associated with their disease or treatment during the study period. Oral mucosal ulceration was the most frequently encountered problem; it was observed in 28 (65%) patients. In light of the high prevalence of dental and oral problems in these patients, this study emphasizes the need for positive dental involvement, both in pretreatment assessment and in the ongoing care of the pediatric oncology patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The longevity of space maintainers: a retrospective study.

METHODS: This retrospective study investigated the longevity of 301 space maintainers fitted in 141 patients aged 3.4-22.1 years in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Leeds Dental Institute between 1991 and 1995. RESULTS: Failure occurred in 190 space maintainers (63%), of which 36% were due to cement loss, 24% breakage, 10% design problems, and 9% were lost. Using the life table method, the median survival time (MST) for space maintainers was found to be 7 months. Band and loop (B&L) appliances had the highest MST of 13 months, while the lower lingual holding arch (LLHA) had the lowest of 4 months. Unilateral space maintainers survived longer than bilateral space maintainers (MST of 13 months vs. 5 months). Left B&Ls had a MST of 16 months, compared to only 4 months for right B&Ls, Gender, age, arch in which the appliance was placed, the operator planning it, fixed vs. removable, and adequacy of pretreatment assessment did not have a significant effect on survival time.

Adolescent↗