Biomedical subjects

S A Hasan

Publications and source records attributed to S A Hasan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Effects of cervical traction and exercise therapy in cervical spondylosis.

A randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from July, 2001 to June, 2002. The objectives of the study were to find out the effects of cervical traction (CT) and exercise on the patients with chronic cervical spondylosis. A total of 199 patients with cervical spondylosis were included in the clinical trial. One hundred patients were treated with cervical traction plus exercise and 99 patients were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Posture correction advice was given to all patients. The patients were treated for 6 weeks. There was a marked improvement in both the groups after treatment (P<0.001). But there was nearly significant difference regarding improvement in treatment with CT plus exercise than with NSAID (P = 0.06). The results indicate that the improvement of the patients with chronic cervical spondylosis was more in CT plus exercise than analgesics. So, CT & neck muscle strengthening exercise may have some more beneficial effects than NSAIDs on chronic cervical spondylosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff. A comparison of ultrasonographic and arthroscopic findings in one hundred consecutive cases.

BACKGROUND: There has been limited acceptance of shoulder ultrasonography by orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasonography compared with arthroscopic examination for the detection and characterization of rotator cuff tears. METHODS: One hundred consecutive shoulders in ninety-eight patients with shoulder pain who had undergone preoperative ultrasonography and subsequent arthroscopy were identified. The arthroscopic diagnosis was a full-thickness rotator cuff tear in sixty-five shoulders, a partial-thickness tear in fifteen, rotator cuff tendinitis in twelve, frozen shoulder in four, arthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint in two, and a superior labral tear and calcific bursitis in one shoulder each. All ultrasonographic reports were reviewed for the presence or absence of a rotator cuff tear and a biceps tendon rupture or dislocation. All arthroscopic examinations were performed according to a standardized operative procedure. The size and extent of the tear and the status of the biceps tendon were recorded for all shoulders. The findings on ultrasonography and arthroscopy then were compared for each parameter. RESULTS: Ultrasonography correctly identified all sixty-five full-thickness rotator cuff tears (a sensitivity of 100 percent). There were seventeen true-negative and three false-positive ultrasonograms (a specificity of 85 percent). The overall accuracy was 96 percent. The size of the tear on transverse measurement was correctly predicted in 86 percent of the shoulders with a full-thickness tear. Ultrasonography detected a tear in ten of fifteen shoulders with a partial-thickness tear that was diagnosed on arthroscopy. Five of six dislocations and seven of eleven ruptures of the biceps tendon were identified correctly. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography was highly accurate for detecting full-thickness rotator cuff tears, characterizing their extent, and visualizing dislocations of the biceps tendon. It was less sensitive for detecting partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and ruptures of the biceps tendon.

Arthroscopy↗

PubMed1998

Complications of pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of 223 consecutive cases (1986-1996) from one institution where 759 thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws were used in the treatment of various pediatric spinal disorders in patients less than 18 years of age. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of short- and long-term (> 2 years follow-up) complications in this group of patients-specifically, complications related to instrumentation and those directly attributable to pedicle screws in these pediatric patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although much has been written regarding the use of pedicle screws in the adult population, no published study has examined complication rates with regard to thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws placed for pediatric spinal disorders. METHODS: A retrospective review of 223 consecutive cases involving 759 pedicle screws placed for a variety of pediatric spinal disorders was performed. Complications were divided into short term and long term (> 2 years follow-up) and into those relating to instrumentation and those relating to pedicle screws specifically. RESULTS: Short-term complication occurred in 5 patients (2.2%) for a total of 17 screws ultimately removed. Only two of these patients had screws removed for lumbar radicular complaints. No residual sequellae resulted. No long-term (> 2 years postoperative) complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Low short- and long-term complication rates specific for pediatric pedicle screws suggests that for properly trained spinal surgeons, pedicle screws fixation in the pediatric population can be performed safely to treat a variety of spinal disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

The role of blink adaptation in the pathophysiology of benign essential blepharospasm.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate eyelid movements in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB), with an emphasis on the characterization of the kinematics of normal and spastic blinks, assessment of interocular differences, and further delineation of the role of adaptive blink mechanisms in eyelid movement disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The electromagnetic search coil technique was used to record the metrics of blinks bilaterally in 5 patients with untreated BEB. Eyelid kinematics and the main-sequence (peak velocity vs amplitude) relationships were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with BEB exhibited a decrease in blink amplitude and peak velocity. Moreover, the main-sequence slope was decreased bilaterally. Spasms were bilateral and relatively conjugate. There was no change in the coordination of normal blinking across the 2 eyelids. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the operation of the adaptive regulation of blinking in an eyelid movement disorder. The findings suggest that the adaptive regulation of blink is a bilateral event. Blink-adaptive control systems can act on the blink reflex excitability and main-sequence relationships, changing these either together or independently. The hyperexcitable blink reflex of BEB is met by what is believed to be an adaptive decrease in the main-sequence slope that would decrease the strength of debilitating spasms. Collectively, these data extend the knowledge of the pathophysiology of BEB and, perhaps more important, establish the role of blink system plasticity in eyelid movement disorders.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1997

Immunopathologic features of Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis in the rat.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical, histopathologic and immunologic responses to Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rat model. METHODS: Experimental rats received an intravitreal injection of viable S. epidermidis (7000 organisms), while control rats received sterile saline. The clinical scores, cellular infiltrate in vitreous, and levels of serum and vitreous IgM, IgG and IgA to glycerol teichoic acid (GTA), the major antigenic determinant of S. epidermidis cell wall, were all measured from day 1 to day 30 after injection. RESULTS: The ocular inflammation was largely resolved by day 14. The red reflex was abolished in 50% of rats between days 3 and 10. The bacteria were cleared from the vitreous by day 7. In vitreous, the neutrophils peaked at day 1 and decreased by day 7, and plasma cells were seen between days 1 and 3. Presence of B cells (CD45+/CD3-) was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of pooled vitreous humor. IgM and IgG but not IgA antibodies to GTA were found in vitreous of injected eyes. The peak of anti-GTA IgM was observed in vitreous of S. epidermidis-infected rats on day 1 and declined by day 7. In contrast to vitreous antibodies, serum anti-GTA IgM antibodies were significantly elevated throughout the course of S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. A weak IgG but no IgA response were observed in serum. Anti-GTA antibodies were also found in low level in normal sera but not in normal vitreous. CONCLUSIONS: The vitreous antibodies may be involved in neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis leading to 'spontaneous sterility' of the bacteria, and may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of staphylococcal endophthalmitis in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Maladaptive neural compensatory mechanisms in Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm.

We described four patients with Bell's palsy and blepharospasm and evaluated potential mechanisms that may be responsible for an apparent association between the two disorders. Eyelid movements in spontaneous blinks were studied by the search coil technique in patients with this novel disorder. Kinematic analyses documented bilateral eyelid spasm subsequent to unilateral Bell's palsy. The temporal interval between the onset of palsy and onset of blepharospasm was highly variable (weeks to > 20 years). Changes in the relationship between spontaneous blink peak velocity and amplitude, the main sequence, shared features previously found in uncomplicated Bell's palsy and blepharospasm patients. Furthermore, as in patients with typical Bell's palsy and idiopathic blepharospasm, both normal blinks and spasms were conjugate in spite of interocular differences in blink amplitude/peak velocity. We suggest that there is a correlation between the eyelid palsy and subsequent blepharospasm, and have designated this potentially new disease entity as Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm. We propose a two-stage model for Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm in which blink adaptive systems may produce the maladaptive consequence of eyelid spasms.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Age-related changes in human blinks. Passive and active changes in eyelid kinematics.

PURPOSE: The authors analyzed eyelid kinematics in normal aging subjects to test the hypothesis that eyelid movements exhibit age-related changes and that blink disorders prevalent among the elderly, in turn, represent an outcome of normal aging processes. METHODS: The electromagnetic search coil technique was used to study blinks in normal human subjects for each decade from 40 to 89 years. Blink metrics (amplitude, peak velocity, and duration), main sequence relationships, and conjugacy were assessed. RESULTS: Mean amplitude and peak velocity of blinks decreased with age for spontaneous blinks and, to a lesser extent, for voluntary blinks. Some but not all, of this decline could be attributed to a peripheral phenomenon, narrowed palpebral fissure width. The spontaneous blink down phase main sequence slope also declined with age. By contrast, blink rate and the coordination of movements of the two eyelids--blink conjugacy--exhibited no change. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that disorders of blink systems typically seen in persons 50 years of age or older occur on a background of normal age-dependent changes in eyelid kinematics. Alterations in main sequence slope imply the operation of central adaptive systems during aging. Reduction in main sequence slope is interpreted as a reduction in aggregate orbicularis oculi motoneuron activity. Such a central neurologic adjustment in the motor output of blink systems may serve to compensate for an age-related increase in blink reflex excitability. Compensatory reduction in the main sequence relationship may offset a potentially hyperexcitable blink reflex, thereby reducing the likelihood of disorders such as blepharospasm. The authors conclude that although there are changes in the kinematics of blinking with age, such changes do not necessarily predispose an aging population to eyelid motility disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Immunopathologic features of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in the rat.

PURPOSE: To study the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic responses to Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in rats. METHODS: Experimental Lewis rats received an intravitreal injection of viable S. aureus (65 organisms), and control rats received sterile saline. The clinical scores, cellular infiltrate, delayed hypersensitivity reaction in skin tests, and serum and vitreous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA to ribitol teichoic acid (RTA), the major antigenic determinant of S. aureus cell wall, were measured and compared on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 30. The differences were statistically assessed using Mann-Whitney nonparametric t-tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The red reflex was abolished in the majority of rats between days 3 and 21. Ocular inflammation resolved by day 30. The vitreous of eyes injected with S. aureus showed bacterial growth on days 3 and 7, followed by a decrease in numbers on days 10 and 14 and disappearance on days 21 and 30. In the vitreous, a peak neutrophil count was observed at day 3 that rapidly declined by day 7. The number of lymphocytes and plasma cells peaked on day 3 but declined more slowly. Plasma cells and Mott cells were seen on days 10 and 14, suggesting intraocular antibody production. IgM titers to RTA increased progressively in serum and vitreous, reached a peak on day 21, and declined on day 30. A weak IgG but absent IgA response to RTA was observed in serum and vitreous. S. aureus endophthalmitis was not associated with delayed hypersensitivity to the bacteria in skin tests. CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus endophthalmitis is associated with the infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells in vitreous. Neutrophils, the predominant infiltrating cells, may be involved in bactericidal activity and opsonophagocytosis. In rat staphylococcal endophthalmitis, IgM rather than IgG may be the protective antibody.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Audiometric changes following spinal anaesthesia.

A prospective study on audiometric changes following spinal anaesthesia with different gauge spinal needles was carried out in 125 patients; the patients were randomly divided into five groups according to gauge of needles used i.e., 20, 22, 23, 24 and 25 with twenty five patients in each group. Twelve percent and 8% decrease in audiometric values were recorded on first postoperative day at 250-500 Hz frequencies with 20 and 22 gauge needles respectively and these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001); these audiometric alterations returned to within normal limits by the 5th postoperative day. Eight percent decrease in audiometric values were observed on first postoperative day at 250-500 Hz frequencies with 23 gauge needle which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05); these changes returned to near normal limits by the 5th postoperative day. There was no significant decrease in the audiometric values following spinal anaesthesia with 24 and 25 gauge needles.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Serum lactate dehydrogenase in head and neck malignancy patients.

50 patients of head and neck malignancy were selected for this study while excluding those associated with renal, hepatic, cardiac and metabolic diseases. Age and sex matched even number of controls were also included for comparison. Serum LDH levels in the control group were 124.2 +/- 3.50 I.U./L. Higher levels of LDH were observed in patients with malignancy of head and neck (335.50 +/- 21.60 I.U./L, P < 0.001). Serum LDH level was also related to histopathological stage of malignancy, being higher in poorly differentiated tumour as compared to moderate and well differentiated malignancy. Patients without metastasis had insignificantly lower serum LDH levels as compared to those with metastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Central auditory toxicity of sisomicin in guineapigs.

The central auditory toxicity of sisomicin was studied in guineapigs administered sisomicin (135 mg/kg body weight) sc for 10 days. Total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol were estimated in the pons, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body and auditory cortex. While the total lipids were increased in a non-preferential manner in all the regions studied, phospholipids and cholesterol levels registered no change. This study suggests the possible central auditory toxicity following sisomicin administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Gentamicin induced dose related alterations in lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in central auditory pathway of the rat.

A study was carried out on the effect of gentamicin on the central auditory pathway in rats. Rats were administered graded doses of gentamicin (60 mg, 100 mg and 160 mg/kg b.wt., i.m.) daily for 21 days. Levels of total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol showed dose related increment in the central auditory pathway. On the other hand, the rate of lipid peroxidation was inhibited in all regions of the central auditory pathway of the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Studies on effects of tamoxifen (ICI 46474) on agonistic encounters between pairs of intact mice.

The anti-estrogen tamoxifen (Tam), which has been shown to dramatically suppress offensive behavior in male rats without markedly influencing other aspects of the social encounter, was tested for its effectiveness in mice. TO strain albino mice were given control injections or 50 or 100 micrograms of Tam for 4 or 8 days. Subsequently, mice were tested in pairs (for a particular dose and treatment duration) in which both animals received Tam, one animal received Tam and one saline, or both animals received saline control injections. Ten-minute videotaped encounters were analyzed in terms of total times allocated to nonsocial investigation, social investigation, offense, defense, sexual activity/intense social investigation, and immobility. The lower dose given for the shorter duration produced less social investigation and more nonsocial investigation when Tam-treated subjects were paired together (cf. the Tam vs saline pairing). At all the other doses and durations, Tam reduced offense. Defense also changed in those pairings, but that activity seemed related to the amount of attack received. Tamoxifen had little influence on the weights of accessory sex glands. The data confirm that Tam is a potent suppressor of "androgen-dependent" aggression in male laboratory mice and provide further support for the aromatization hypothesis.

Aggression↗

PubMed1988

Is random plasma glucose an efficient screening test for abnormal glucose tolerance in pregnancy?

Random plasma glucose was determined in 276 apparently healthy pregnant women attending our antenatal clinic at 28 to 32 weeks gestation. Mean and standard deviation values within 2 h and greater than 2 h after a meal were calculated. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was then given to 250 of the 276 pregnant women. Three patients were found to be diabetic and 46 had post-load concentrations indicative of impaired glucose tolerance according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (1980). Using a cut-off point whereby 15% of the population would be tested, we would have identified only 2 of the 3 diabetics and 12 of the 46 with impaired glucose tolerance. This poor predictive power cannot be resolved by altering cut-off points for screening, or by altering the criteria for abnormal glucose tolerance. The basic problem is lack of a close relation between 2-h glucose tolerance value and random glucose when this has been taken greater than 120 min after a meal. In this population with a high prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance, random plasma glucose is not an efficient screening test.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1988