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Biomedical subjects

S A Husain

Publications and source records attributed to S A Husain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Status of chromosome breaks and gaps in breast cancer. a follow-up study.

Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are believed to be responsible for chromosomal instabilities and higher incidence of breast cancer. We conducted a follow-up study to find the levels of chromosome breaks and gaps in 20 premenopausal women with breast cancer before surgery, 1 month after surgery, and 3 years after surgery with respect to 20 age- and gender-matched controls. The mean level of chromosome breaks and gaps was found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) in breast cancer patients (before surgery) as compared with the controls. The chromosome breaks and gaps after 1 month of surgery were observed significantly decreased (P<0.005) when compared with that of patients before the surgery. Further significant increase in chromosome breaks and gaps was found after 3 years of surgery as compared with both the patients after 1 month of surgery (P<0.05) and controls (P<0.005). The significant increase in chromosome breaks and gaps in breast cancer patients (before surgery) may be due to the effects of genetic susceptibility to environmental carcinogens and endogenous factors. However, the decrease in this level after 1 month of surgery may be due to the removal of cancerous tissues, which in turn removes the effect of mutagens and clastogenic factors. Further increase in chromosome breaks and gaps after 3 years of surgery may be due to the long-term effects of therapeutic agents and genetic susceptibility to environmental carcinogens in the patients. The study furthermore suggests that the high level of chromosome breaks and gaps after 3 years of surgery may be a risk factor for the development of secondary tumor in patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Role of lipids, lipoproteins and vitamins in women with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Improper balance between the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), and antioxidative defense system have been defined as oxidative stress in various pathologic conditions. Lipids, lipoproteins and antioxidative vitamins have been associated with the risk of breast cancer. The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the status of antioxidative vitamins (A, C and E), lipids (total cholesterol; TC and triglycerides; TG), lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to find out oxidative stress in breast cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and vitamins were estimated in 54 untreated breast cancer patients of different clinical stages and in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: Plasma TC (p < 0.05), and LDL-C and TG (p < 0.01) were found to be significantly elevated among breast cancer patients as compared to the controls. On the other hand, plasma HDL-C concentration (p < 0.001) and vitamin C and E (p < 0.01) were observed significantly decreased in breast cancer patients than in the controls. The maximum changes in plasma TC, and vitamin C and E concentrations were observed in breast cancer patients with stage IV when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that higher levels of TC and TG may play important role in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the elevated plasma LDL-C concentration, which is more susceptible to oxidation, may result in higher lipid peroxidation in breast cancer patients. However, decreased concentrations of HDL-C and vitamin C and E are not likely to be sufficient enough to counter higher ROMs production reported earlier in breast cancer patients that may cause oxidative stress leading to cellular and molecular damage thereby resulting in cell proliferation and malignant conversions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde on sister-chromatid exchanges in breast cancer.

Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) play a significant role in DNA damage, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and carcinogenesis. Here, we determine plasma NO and MDA to evaluate their role in carcinogenesis and their effect on the frequency of SCEs in 45 female breast cancer patients and in 35 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma NO (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.001) was significantly higher in the breast cancer group, and a direct correlation were found between plasma NO and MDA concentration and tumour grade. Patients with stage II disease showed the highest levels of both NO and MDA, compared with controls. Simultaneously, SCE frequency per lymphocyte in the breast cancer group was found to be significantly (P<0.001) higher; the greatest increase being found in patients with stage IV disease. Positive correlation was found between SCEs and both NO and MDA in the breast cancer group; however, both NO and MDA production decreased with increasing severity of the disease. Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). The reaction between NO and O2*- results in peroxynitrite (OONO-) formation, which works efficiently at the molecular level and may induce higher SCE frequency. This work suggests that further cytogenetic and molecular study is required to provide definite answers for the therapeutic use of NO in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Lipid peroxidation, free radical production and antioxidant status in breast cancer.

Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), including superoxide anion (O2*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (*OH), play an important role in carcinogenesis. There are some primary antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) which protect against cellular and molecular damage caused by the ROMs. We conducted the present study to determine the rate of O2*- and H2O2 production, and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, along with the SOD, GPx and CAT activities in 54 breast cancer (BC) patients. Forty-two age- and sex-matched patients with minor surgical problems, who had no history of any neoplastic or breast disorders, were taken as controls. The rate of O2*- production was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in BC patients than controls, irrespective of clinical stages and menopausal status. Similarly, H2O2 production was significantly higher in BC patients, especially in stage III and postmenopausal groups, as compared to the respective controls. MDA concentration was also observed significantly elevated in stage II (p < 0.001), stage III (p < 0.01), postmenopausal (p < 0.005), and premenopausal (p < 0.02) group as compared to their corresponding controls. SOD and GPx activities were found significantly raised in all the groups (p < 0.001), except the GPx activity was found a smaller alteration in stage IV (p < 0.02). On the contrary, CAT activity was found significantly depressed in all the study groups. The maximum depression was observed in stage II (-61.8%). Lower CAT activity in our study may be the effect of higher production of ROMs, particularly O2*- and *OH. SOD and GPx, however, were less effected by these higher ROMs production. The results of our study have shown a higher ROMs production and decreased CAT activity, which support the oxidative stress hypothesis in carcinogenesis. The relatively higher SOD and GPx may be due to the response of increased ROMs production in the blood. However, the higher SOD and GPx activities may be inadequate to detoxify high levels of H2O2 into H2O leading to the formation of the most dangerous *OH radical followed by MDA. Therefore, administration of CAT may be helpful in the management of BC patients. However, further elaborate clinical studies are required to evaluate the role of such antioxidant enzymes in BC management.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The clamshell incision provides adequate exposure for aortic valve replacement and coronary revascularization.

The standard median sternotomy provides ready access to all surfaces of the heart and the ascending aorta. When cosmetic considerations, associated medical conditions, such as an esophageal stoma, or tracheostomy preclude use of the median sternotomy, a bilateral transverse sternotomy will provide excellent exposure of the entire ascending aorta and the lateral and inferior walls of the heart.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMed1998

Stress reactions of children and adolescents in war and siege conditions.

OBJECTIVE: This was a study of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and adolescents during siege conditions in Sarajevo. METHOD: Seven hundred ninety-one students aged 7-15 years were surveyed to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress and level of deprivation. RESULTS: Girls reported more stress than boys. Loss of family members and deprivation of basic needs were associated with more symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Personal experiences of siege are related to increased stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lesser known Ayurvedic physicians of India from an Urdu book- "Rumoozul Atibba".

In early 20th century some Urdu scholars tried to enrich urdu literature with medical history. They started compiling and publishing the biographies of the contemporary physicians along with their achievements. One of such works "Rumoozul Atibba" a rare book compiled by Hakim Fairozuddin in Urdu, published by 'Darul Kutub Rafiqul Atibba' and printed in 'Rifah-e-Aam Press' at Lahore in the year 1913 A.D. has been taken here. It contains about 150 short biographies of Ayurvedic and Unani physicians, out of which all the twenty biographies of Ayurvedic physicians given in it, have been presented in this article.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1996

Abul Fatah - a commentator of "Al-Qanoon".

The Commentator of "Al-Qanoon" (Canon of Avicenna) Abul Fatah known as "Maseehuddin" also was a native of Gilan. He migrated to India during Akbar's period (1556-1605 A.D.). The emperor honoured him by confering Sadarat of Delhi, Malwa and Gujarat and bestowed upon him the title of Hasht Sadi. His commentary on the Canon is known as "Fatahi", in which he explained various problems elaborately. He was well versed in anatomy and connoisseur of Prose and Poetry. He had made a good change in Huble-Buble and he was the first who had made the inhailing of smoke less harmful. He died on 20th June, 1580 A.D.

Arab World↗
PubMed1995

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) studies in breast cancer patients: a follow-up study.

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were studied in 20 patients with breast cancer (stage II) before surgery, one month after surgery, and after three years as a follow-up study. Data from 50 age-matched, normal healthy females, preferably from the affected families, served as controls. In each patient, 50 well-spread metaphases were scored for SCEs. The mean values of SCEs per metaphase were 5.80, 4.69, and 5.98 in breast cancer patients before surgery, one month after surgery, and after a gap of three years as a follow-up, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance was applied and it was found that there was a highly significant difference in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in these patients before surgery, one month after surgical removal of cancerous tissue, and after three years as a follow-up study. The elevated level of SCEs three years after surgical removal of cancerous tissue predict the chances of development of another type of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Moalejat-E-Hindi.

It is an introductory note on a rare and important medical manuscript, which were compiled in Persian language by the order of the 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad. It contains a number of Ayurvedic formulations, found very effective by him. These preparations were prepared and preserved by the Nizam in his royal store-house. The Sanskrit shiokas found in it are in transliterated form, written in beautiful script.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1992

Sister chromatid exchange frequency in breast cancer cases.

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were studied in 22 patients with breast cancer (i.e., four stage II; 12 stage III, six stage IV) and 10 normal healthy females as age-matched controls. The data obtained in these cases followed a Poisson distribution. An apparent increase in the average rate of SCE/cell was observed with the advancing stage of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Spacetime representation of global electrocortical activity.

A model for global electrocortical activity is developed by considering telencephalonic structures as mass of linked oscillators generating activity with a number of resonant modes. Equations for the signals are written in the comoving frame and then transformed into the laboratory frame. The state transition matrix is obtained in the presence of electric and magnetic fields.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Frequency of acrocentric association in abnormal sexual development in males and females.

A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in a chi 2 comparison of DD, GG and DG-DI associations between male hypogonads and females with primary amenorrhea. This difference increased still further (P less than 0.01) when only DD and GG associations were compared between males and females with abnormal sexual development (ASD). Similarly, when normal males and females were compared for DI, TRI, TETRA, DD vs GG and DG vs GG acrocentric chromosome associations, a significant difference (P less than 0.05) was again observed. The sex difference was also apparent in TRI and TETRA acrocentric associations both in abnormal and normal sexual development males and females. These results suggested that probably sex difference (may be hormonal) influences the number and/or type of acrocentric chromosomes involved in association between males and females with ASD and also between normal males and females.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1989

Chromatid association in acrocentric chromosomes of abnormal sexual development (ASD) cases.

Concordant/discordant associations at chromatid level were compared and found significant (P less than 0.05) in females with primary amenorrhea. This probably suggested that the acrocentric association pattern in this group of ASD and infertility did not follow a random segregation in subsequent cell divisions and that the concordant acrocentric chromosomes have regularly established physical connections with one another, held together for several cell cycles. It could only be speculated that the association of acrocentric chromosome anomalies in some females with abnormal sex chromosomes are due to this reason. In the event that chromosome association has a bearing on chromosome aberrations, the non-random pattern of acrocentric association probably would increase the choice for translocation and non disjunction in the somatic cells in females with primary amenorrhea during ontogenesis.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1988

Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) rate in normal and abnormal sexual development in males and females.

Thirty-three patients with abnormal sexual development (9 male hypogonads, 20 females with primary amenorrhea and 4 cases of ambiguous genitalia), 10 normal males and 8 normal females (below the age of 30 years) were evaluated for SCE/cell and for SCE distribution according to chromosome groups (A to G). Smokers and alcoholics and subjects under medication were excluded from the study. The average rates of SCE/cell in male hypogonads, primary amenorrhea and ambiguous genitalia were 4.23 +/- 1.51, 4.02 +/- 0.90 and 4.33 +/- 1.34, respectively, whereas in normal males and females the average rates were 4.27 +/- 0.69 and 4.49 +/- 0.87, respectively. The SCE data followed a Poisson distribution. Chi-square testing showed a statistically significant difference only in B-group chromosomes when male hypogonads were compared with normal males (p less than 0.02) and females with primary amenorrhea were compared with normal females (p less than 0.02), suggesting the importance of the study of SCE frequency distribution at chromosome group level to bring out the differences otherwise concealed in average rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cerebellar ataxia and total albinism.

In this report a family is described where cerebellar ataxia occurred along with total albinism. A possibility of syntenic condition of the two genes responsible for the traits could explain the occurrence of the two conditions. The presence of two traits singly in the sibs reflects a recombinant event and suggests that the linkage is not absolute. Chromosomal study did not show any structural or numerical anomalies except in 1/50 metaphase plates scored in the proband (with cerebellar ataxia) where in chromosome No. 14 proximal intense band (21) seemed to be shifted, inv. (14) (q13q23?). The affected sibs with ataxia and albinism or ataxia alone depicted relatively a lower sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate than their parents and age matched controls.

Albinism↗