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Biomedical subjects

S A Koff

Publications and source records attributed to S A Koff.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Clues to neonatal genitourinary problems.

Most neonatal genitourinary problems are due to congenital anomalies. The first clues to urinary dysfunction are the quantity and quality of the urinary stream, and this should be scrutinized in every newborn. Common signs of dysfunction include anuria, hematuria, and masses. Anuria may be caused by obstruction, a vascular disorder, or renal agenesis or dysplasia. In the male, obstruction is commonly caused by posterior urethral valves. A mass may be a bladder distended by obstruction, a persistent urachus, a hydronephrotic or dysplastic kidney, or scrotal enlargement due to spermatic cord torsion.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Striated muscle determinants of intraurethral resistance.

Urethral resistance was measured in dogs subjected to alterations in periurethral striated muscle activity before and after muscle paralysis. Changes in periurethral striated muscle activity that could be abolished by curare significantly affected intraurethral resistance measurements. Control of striated muscle is necessary for true assessment of other urinary sphincter components.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Simplified operative nephroscopy.

Intraoperative nephroscopy is a valuable and practical adjunct to renal surgery. A simplified methodology is described using familiar cystoscopic equipment and techniques. Its particular usefulness in the definition of small radiolucent defects of the renal collecting system is illustrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Altered bladder function and non-specific epididymitis.

Disorders of bladder function characterized by physiological urethral obstruction were identified in nearly 50% of patients with non-specific epididymitis and anatomically normaly urinary tracts. This association supports the concept that reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts may occur and produce epididymitis. The pathophysiology of retrograde urination is reviewed and the predisposing conditions are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Combined cystometry and perineal electromyography in the diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic urinary incontinence.

Function of the bladder and periurethral striated muscle was determined simultaneously by combined cystometry and electromyography studies in 120 patients. The coordinated tests were extremely helpful in identifying the different types of periurethral striated muscle activity in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, diagnosing the mechanism of incontinence and determining the appropriate therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prenatal diagnosis of hydronephrosis: when and why NOT to operate?].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the proper timing and indications for pyeloplasty in infants with prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis. METHODS: Examination of the 1) biological features of hydronephrosis which are unique to the newborn, 2) natural history of non-operated newborn hydronephrosis, and 3) accuracy of tests which assess obstruction in hydronephrosis. RESULTS: Prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis is a benign disease in most infants because obstruction is not present: the hydronephrosis will improve or disappear spontaneously, and impaired renal function will improve or normal renal function will remain stable. Consequently surgical treatment is not indicated; it will neither hasten nor improve the outcome. Unfortunately, the conventional tests for assessing obstruction are invalid in the infant and obstruction must be diagnosed or excluded by newly described protocols which use serial measurement of pelvic dilation, differential renal function and renal size. CONCLUSION: UPJ obstruction presents a diagnostic but not a therapeutic dilemma in infancy. True UPJ obstruction should be operated upon as soon after birth as possible to prevent renal deterioration. However, over 85% of infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis do not have a true obstruction and do not require surgery; they will improve spontaneously. The difficulty in deciding which patients require surgery can be minimized by a careful diagnostic protocol.

Contraindications↗