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Biomedical subjects

S A Maiakova

Publications and source records attributed to S A Maiakova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Clinico-immunological characteristics of lymphoid tumors in children].

The clinical and immunological characteristics of lymphoid tumors were compared in 591 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Comprehensive investigation of a tumor cell by using cytological, morphological, and immunological studies revealed the most significant criteria for differential diagnosis of ALL and NHL in children and showed the specific features of the site of a tumor and the extent of its growth in ALL and NHL in relation to the immunological affiliation of a tumor cell. The predominance of immature forms, such as stem-cell CD34+, pre-pre-B, pre-B and less commonly T-cell forms with almost none peripheral B- and T-cell markers could be immunophenotypically detected in ALL. NHL was, on the contrary, characterized by the prevalence of mature immunological subtypes with peripheral B- and T-cell markers and much less frequently pre-B and pre-T cells and at the same time there was no CD34 antigen in the tumor cells. Anaplastic giant lymphoma was a peculiar type of NHL characterized by the presence of large cells having marked anaplasia and expression on the surface of CD30 antigen. A comprehensive study of lymphoid tumors in children showed that immunophenotyping was of great value, whose results were associated with the specific feature of tumor growth and prognosis, which should be borne in mind while planning antitumor therapy programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Specific features of stem cell (CD34+) subvariant of acute lymphoblast cell leukemia in children].

The authors have examined 134 children with acute lymphoblast cell leukemia (ALCL) who were treated at the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Russian Cancer Research Center, in January 1990 to November 1999, and followed up till March 1, 1999. The mean duration of follow-ups was 57.46 +/- 2.87 months. The minimum follow-up was 4 months. The immunophenotypical features of stem cell immunological subvariant of ALCL identified from the presence of 10% or 15% of CD34+ lymphoblast cells were similar in the leukemia clone. There is evidence for the isolation of the least mature, stem-cell immunological subvariant of ALCL in children. The immunophenotypic features of stem-cell ALCL in children were as follows: the expression of myeloid antigens (linear and different marker leukemias) and the higher rates of involvement of B-cell leukemias. The clinical and hematological features of stem-cell versus CD34-negative ALCL in children were the low levels of leukocytes (p = 0.009) and blast cells (p = 0.018) in the peripheral blood at diagnosis. At the same time, stem-cell ALCL showed a poorer prognosis. Moreover, blast cell CD34 antigen expression deteriorated prognosis for pre-pre-B (common) immunological variant of ALCL (p = 0.035). Intensified ALCL treatment programmes improved relapseless survival of patients with stem-cell ALCL (p = 0.0042).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Therapeutic results in children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia treated with modified BFM-87 protocol].

The effectiveness of modification of the BFM-87 schedule of treatment received by 32 children with different forms of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia since April, 1991, has been studied. Complete remission was recorded in 90% and 5-year recurrence-free survival--in 47%. Although the complication rate was higher as compared with the "7 + 3" schedule, mortality rates were relatively lower due to application of adjuvant therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Cardioxane in pediatric oncohematology].

The tolerance of cardioxan (JCRF-187, dexrazoxan), an ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid analog and a Chiron Company product, administered to pediatric oncohematological patients, is discussed. The drug was used in 37 cases of acute lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease treated by polychemotherapy including anthracycline antibiotics administration. No untoward side-effects or inhibition of the therapeutic effect were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A comparative clinico-morphological analysis of acute myelo- and myelomonoblastic leukemias in children and adults].

Previous morphocytochemical, immunological and cytogenetic analyses of blast cells in 174 children and 188 adults admitted to Cancer Research Center have shown that compared to adults in children leukemic precursors belong to earlier stage of differentiation similar to polypotent cell. The analysis covered 2 FAB-variants of ANLL comparable by the number of patients and intensity of the given chemotherapy (M2 and M4 ANLL FAB variants). The study included 65 children (50 with M2 and 15 with M4 FAB variants) and 43 adults (26 with M2 and 17 with M4 FAB variants) given therapy of standard intensity in the regimen 3+7 and 2+5. The children more frequently demonstrated involvement of the liver, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. The percentage of complete remissions in both groups was not significantly different. 2- and 3-year recurrence-free survival was similar in two age groups with M2 FAB variants of ANLL. However, in M4 variant in adults this survival made up 18% against 0% in children. The differences may arise from lower peroxidase activity in children than in adults. It is suggested that M4 FAB variant in adults may indicate better prognosis than in children. Therefore, therapy in children with M4 FAB ANLL variant should be intensified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Expression of glucocorticoid receptors and blast cell clearance in children with different variants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were estimated in blast cells of 24 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in different immunocytologic subvariants of the disease. No relationship was revealed between immunophenotype and GR number in blasts. It was found that the response to prednisolone therapy did not depend on the number of sites specifically bound to glucocorticoids. The response character is determined not by immunophenotype but by the initial number of blast cells in the peripheral blood (the higher blastosis, the worse response). High blastosis is probably dependent on the tumor growth rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of immunologic markers on prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young children].

Altogether 77 children aged up to 3 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were examined for the immunological phenotype of blast cells. L1, L1/L2, L2/L1, L2 variants of ALL and the undifferentiated one were established in accordance with criteria of the FAB classification. T1, zero and Ia immunosubvariants were recorded most frequently. Mature cell T2 and pre-B variants (3 and 2 cases, respectively) were rare; B-cellular acute lymphoblastic leukemia was lacking; the "common" subvariant was revealed in 28 patients. The patients' age produced the highest effect on the prognosis: the significantly least disease standing and remissions were noted in a group of children under 2 years as compared to those aged 2 to 3 years. As for immunological markers, expression of Thy1-antigen exerted an unfavourable effect on the prognosis and duration of the first remission.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[Clinico-cytological parallels in acute myeloid leukemia in children].

Based on a comprehensive study of the morphofunctional parameters of blast cells by means of morphological, cytochemical, immunological and cytogenetic research methods, 8 types of blast cells and leukemic variants were identified in 200 children suffering from acute myeloid leukemia. In these children, the clinico-hematological parameters differed depending on the leukemic variant. Verification of the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia variants in children will favour further perfection of the individualized treatment programs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Results of neuroleukemia prevention in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

The follow-up of 318 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia given program therapy that included different treatments including chemo- and radioprevention of neuroleukemia demonstrated the high efficacy of the measures carried out, which reduced the incidence of neuroleukemia to 5.6%. No gross changes on the part of the neuropsychic status were revealed in the course of the follow-up of children who received the combined prophylaxis of neuroleukemia. The derangement of the CNS was recorded in 17 patients and ran its course in the form of leukemic meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[Bioelectric activity of the brain of children with long-term remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemoradiation prevention of neuroleukemia].

Investigation of the bioelectrical activity of the brain (EEG, echoEG) in 60 patients aged 8 to 20 years with a long relapse-free course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6-10 years) made it possible to distinguish 3 groups of patients in accordance with the changes seen on the EEG. A reverse relationship was noted between the characteristics of the leukemic process during disease diagnosis and neurophysiological disorders after intensive therapy including chemoradiation prophylaxis of neuroleukemia. It is recommended that the dose of radiation of the brain of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be reduced, if there are no risk factors of the development of disease relapses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Use of alpha interferon preparations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children during remission].

The Soviet alpha-interferon drugs (human leukocytic interferon, reaferon) were used in the program of the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (during remission). The treatment was found to be more effective with an increase of its duration, relapse-free course of the disease (69.4-82.3%) and survival (70.1-93.1%) of patients with an unfavourable disease prognosis (over 5 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Immunologic prognosis in hemoblastoses in children].

The diagnostic value of monoclonal antibodies is discussed. The expression of ICO-GM1 and ICO-G2 myeloid antigens in pediatric patients with nonlymphoblastic leukemia was associated with poor prognosis whereas patients with the expression of T-cell markers fared better. The prognostic value of the antigens was not altered by brief cytotoxic treatment. The prognosis for non-T-cell ICO-II+ type childhood lymphosarcoma was worse as compared to Ia+ICO-II- lymphoma subset. It was concluded that the biology of malignant cells and degree of cell differentiation (as assessed immunologically) affects treatment outcome significantly and should be considered in individualizing therapy for childhood lymphosarcoma and leukemia.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[High methotrexate doses in the treatment program for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma in children].

Tolerability and efficacy of high-dose methotrexate was studied in 70 pediatric patients with lymphoblastic tumors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Methotrexate was given by 24-hour infusion of 500-1000 mg/m2 (total dose-700-3000 mg) after remission had been achieved. An antidote--calcium folinate--was administered 24 hours postinfusion. Major adverse side-effects involved were stomatitis, hepatotoxicity and fever. Survival in the study group was higher than in controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical course and prognosis in T-cell lymphoblastic tumors in children typed with Soviet-produced monoclonal antibodies].

Correlation analysis of the clinical course and prognosis was made in 56 children with T-cell lymphoblastic tumors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma) typed with the use of monoclonal antibodies obtained in this country. The frequency of T-cell marker detection among all immunological subvariants in acute lymphoid leukemia and lymphosarcoma proved to be similar (36.6 and 37%, respectively). In acute lymphoid leukemia type T1 of tumor cells prevailed (58%), while in lymphosarcoma type T3 (63%). T2 and T3-cell lymphoblastic tumors were characterized by the most severe clinical course.

Adolescent↗