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Biomedical subjects

S A Syed

Publications and source records attributed to S A Syed.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effects of periodontal therapy on serum antibody (IgG) levels to plaque microorganisms.

The influence of periodontal therapy on serum antibody titers to selected periodontal disease-associated microorganisms was assessed in 23 patients having chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). The immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were determined by the microELISA technique in serum samples obtained prior to treatment; following a hygienic phase which included scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene instruction; following surgical treatment; and one year and two years following hygienic phase (maintenance phase). Considerable individual variability existed in the magnitude of immune response to specific bacterial preparations. Significant reductions in the mean antibody titers were seen to A. viscosus, S. sanguis, F. nucleatum, S. sputigena, B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus, T. vincentii, and T. denticola by the end of the second year of maintenance. There was no consistent response to Capnocytophaga. When individual patient responses were examined, 6 of the 23 were found to have elevated titers to at least one of the microorganisms in the interval between pretreatment and the end of the hygienic phase; however, in all but one case, the titers at the end of the second year of maintenance were below pretreatment levels. Antibody levels to bacteria such as S. sanguis were modified during therapy. This would indicate that immune responses to microbes not generally considered to be "periodontal pathogens" may be modified by adjuvant activity associated with subgingival plaque or changes in the environment of the sulcus and that subsequent changes in titer do not necessarily reflect a role of that microorganism in the disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme profiles of oral spirochetes in RapID-ANA system.

Enzyme profiles of oral Treponema species were determined by using RapID-ANA (Innovative Diagnostic System, Atlanta, Ga.), a 4-h test system which detects 18 enzymatic reactions, including aminopeptidases and glycosidases. Seventy-two clinical isolates of Treponema denticola, four reference strains of T. denticola (ATCC 35404, ATCC 35405, ATCC 35520, and ATCC 33521), one strain of T. vincentii (ATCC 35580), and two strains of T. socranskii subspecies (T. socranskii subsp. buccale ATCC 35534 and T. socranskii subsp. socranskii ATCC 35536) were used in this study. All T. denticola strains produced indole and a variety of aminopeptidases and glycosidases. These organisms could be differentiated into two groups on the basis of tetrazolium reductase and serine, phenylalanine, and glycine aminopeptidase activities. T. vincentii produced N-acetylglucosaminidase and arginine aminopeptidase, which facilitated the differentiation of this organism from T. socranskii subspecies and the T. denticola group. T. socranskii subspecies gave positive reactions for alkaline phosphatase only. These findings suggest that the RapID-ANA system is useful for enzymatic characterization and differentiation of oral spirochetes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of three dispersion procedures for quantitative recovery of cultivable species of subgingival spirochetes.

Spirochetes are usually the predominant organisms observed microscopically in subgingival plaques removed from tooth sites associated with periodontitis, but these organisms are rarely isolated by cultural means, presumably because the media do not support their growth and/or because these fragile organisms are disrupted by the various procedures used to disperse plaque samples. In the present investigation, three dispersal procedures, sonification, mechanical mixing, and homogenization, were compared for their ability to permit the isolation of Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, Treponema socranskii, and Treponema pectinovorum from plaque samples on media that support the growth of these species. Plaque samples in which the spirochetes averaged 50% of the microscopic count were chosen. The highest viable recoveries of spirochetes were observed when the plaques were dispersed with a Tekmar homogenizer, and the lowest occurred with sonification. The highest recoveries averaged only about 1% of the total cultivable counts, indicating either that the sought-after species were minor members of the flora or that the dispersal procedures were still too harsh. A total of 91% of the isolates were T. denticola, 5% were T. socranskii, and 4% were a heretofore-undescribed species.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

Trypsin-like activity in subgingival plaque. A diagnostic marker for spirochetes and periodontal disease?

Taxonomic screening of subgingival plaque organisms with various enzyme assays have shown that Treponema denticola, Bacteroides gingivalis and an unspeciated Capnocytophaga species possess a trypsin-like enzyme (TLE) that can be detected by the hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA). As these organisms can be considered to be periodontopathic, it was of interest to determine whether this BANA hydrolyzing enzyme could be detected directly in subgingival plaque samples. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from single sites of known pocket depth, and after dispersal by vortexing, aliquots were incubated overnight with BANA and were counted microscopically. The color reactions were developed with fast garnet, read by the eye and classified as positive (red to red-orange), negative (yellow) and questionable. In the BANA-positive plaques, the spirochetes averaged 43% of the microscopic count, whereas in the BANA negative plaques the spirochetes averaged 8% of the microscopic count. The average pocket depth of BANA-positive plaques was 6.7 mm, whereas the average pocket depth of BANA-negative plaques was 4.5 mm. When both of these parameters were combined, the presence of a positive BANA reaction was usually indicative of subgingival plaques containing greater than 34% spirochetes removed from sites that had probing depths of 7 mm or more. Seventy-one per cent of the plaques removed from untreated periodontal patients were BANA-positive, while only 8% of the plaques removed from successfully treated patients seen at maintenance recall visits were BANA-positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1985

Pulp capping of dental pulp mechanically exposed to oral microflora: a 1-2 year observation of wound healing in the monkey.

Four adult Rhesus monkeys provided 120 teeth for buccal Class V cavities. Twenty-nine were non-exposed controls and 91 were exposed for 3 intervals. All 120 teeth were capped with a hard set Ca(OH)2 medicament, restored with amalgam, 57 evaluated after 1 year and 63 after 2 years. Of the 91 exposed pulps, 45 showed complete healing, 25 showed pulpal inflammation varying from acute to chronic, 12 showed severe pulpal breakdown and abscess formation and 9 were necrotic. No difference was observed in the healing response between the 3 exposure times. New hard tissue formed at, or subjacent to, the medicament in 77 of 91 exposed pulps with a tunnel defect frequently present, running from the medicament interface to the pulp. This study demonstrates that recurring pulp inflammation observed after 1 & 2 year direct pulp capping, is associated with bacterial contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bacterial profiles of subgingival plaques in periodontitis.

In this report over 400 subgingival plaque samples taken from over 110 patients were examined microscopically and culturally for 30 bacterial parameters. The patients could be placed into six disease categories based upon clinical criteria. The bacterial profile of each clinical category was generally distinctive of that category. Periodontal patients who had been successfully treated and maintained had plaques that were populated by significantly higher proportions of Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. odontolyticus and S. mutans and significantly lower proportions of B. gingivalis and spirochetes compared to the five untreated disease categories. The spirochetes were the overwhelming microbial type in the plaques of adult periodontitis (AP) patients, averaging about 45% of the microscopic count. The bacteriological results could not distinguish between ADA Type III and IV periodontitis, suggesting that the same type of infection was occurring in an active site in any AP patient. The patients designated as early onset periodontitis (EOP) differed from the other patients by their relative youth and by their significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides gingivalis and/or B. intermedius. Two types of EOP were recognized in which the most diseased variant was characterized by having an average of 49% spirochetes in the plaque. Four localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients were notable in not having detectable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The data indicate that the various types of periodontitis, with the possible exception of LJP are specific anaerobic infections involving spirochetes and to a lesser extent B. gingivalis and B. intermedius.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1984

Metronidazole in periodontitis. I. Clinical and bacteriological results after 15 to 30 weeks.

The statistical association of certain anaerobic organisms such as black pigmented bacteroides (BPB) species and spirochetes with clinical signs of active periodontitis, i.e. bleeding upon probing and bone loss, suggests that the lesions may actually reflect a "specific infection" involving these or unidentified species. All the known oral species of BPB and spirochetes are anaerobes which suggests that antimicrobial treatment directed specifically against anaerobes might be effective in periodontal therapy. In this report, the short-term results of metronidazole treatment plus mechanical debridement in patients with extensive periodontal disease and of a double-blind clinical study in which metronidazole plus mechanical debridement is compared to placebo plus mechanical debridement are described. The findings indicate that 1 week of systemic metronidazole can optimize the clinical reduction of pockets and increase the apparent attachment in periodontitis patients who receive concurrent mechanical debridement of their root surfaces. In patients with extensive clinical involvement, metronidazole resulted in a significant reduction in the number of sites exhibiting pocket depths and attachment loss greater than or equal to 7 mm. When metronidazole plus mechanical debridement was compared with placebo plus mechanical debridement in a double-blind study, the metronidazole patients exhibited a significant improvement in those sites initially greater than or equal to 7 mm. The beneficial effect of the metronidazole was associated with a significant and sustained reduction of certain anaerobic organisms such as Bacteroides gingivalis and the large spirochetes. These data indicate that treatment aimed specifically toward the anaerobic component of the plaque flora can be associated with impressive clinical improvements 15 to 30 weeks after the initiation of treatment.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1983

Puberty gingivitis in insulin-dependent diabetic children. I. Cross-sectional observations.

This cross-sectional study examined the gingivitis occurring at puberty in a population of insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics. Seventy-seven children between the ages of 6 and 15 years were examined for gingivitis levels, stages of pubertal maturation and blood levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Bacterial plaque was sampled from one or more approximal tooth surfaces of every subject and cultured under anaerobic and aerobic conditions on nonselective and selective media. The total cultivable flora and percentage of certain presumptive periodontopathic bacteria were determined. Before puberty, children with "high" levels of glycosylated hemoglobin also had higher gingivitis levels than children with "normal" metabolic control of diabetes. During puberty, the level of gingivitis increased independently from both fasting blood glucose levels and per cent glycosylated hemoglobin. The microbiota of marginal plaque was predominantly composed of facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The percentages of Capnocytophaga sp and Actinomyces naeslundii were statistically higher at the onset of puberty, suggesting that a specific bacterial shift in the microbial composition of marginal plaque occurs in response to host changes in juvenile diabetic children at this age period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Humoral immune response to oral microorganisms in periodontitis.

Serum antibody titers from patients with periodontitis were compared with those from periodontally healthy subjects. With the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibody titers to isolates of Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, Bacteroides ochraceus, and Fusobacterium nucleation were determined. Antibody titers of the IgG and IgA classes to B. melaninogenicus, B. ochraceus, F. nucleatum, and S. sanguis were found to be significantly higher in the controls than in the patients. No correlations were found with serum IgM titers. These findings indicate that periodonitis may be associated with depressed antibacterial serum antibody titers of the IgG and IgA classes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

API ZYM system for identification of Bacteroides spp., Capnocytophaga spp., and spirochetes of oral origin.

A total of 80 oral strains of Bacteroides gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, Capnocytophaga, Treponema denticola, and T. vincentii were characterized with the API ZYM system for 19 enzyme activities. Comparison of anaerobic and aerobic incubation with nine reference strains of these organisms showed no important differences. The key differential tests for black-pigmented Bacteroides strains and treponemes of oral origin were trypsin, alpha-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. All Capnocytophaga strains produced distinctive aminopeptidase activities but varied in their glycosidic capabilities. The presence of a trypsin-like activity in B. gingivalis, T. denticola, and a group of Capnocytophaga strains may contribute to tissue destruction in periodontal disease.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗