Conserved structure and tissue expression of rat eotaxin.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
S A Wilson
Publications and source records attributed to S A Wilson.
Attachment/detachment: forces influencing care of the dying in long-term care.
Death occurs among older adults in institutions more often than at home with family and friends. The older people are, the more likely they are to die in a nursing home. The purpose of this study was to describe staff and administrator's perspectives on death and dying in long-term care and to explore problems in providing humane care to dying residents that fosters gentle closure to life. Using focus group interviews as the primary data collection method, 22 focus group sessions were conducted in 11 nursing homes. Separate group sessions were held for staff and administrators in the nursing homes. The core variable identified in this study was the attachment of staff to residents in long term care. Attachment enhanced the quality of terminal care and fostered a gentle closure to life. Mediating forces influencing the process of attachment were identified as individual forces, as well as forces internal and external to the nursing home.
Journal Article↗
The corticomotor representation of upper limb muscles in writer's cramp and changes following botulinum toxin injection.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the properties of the corticomotor pathway and to map the primary motor cortex projection to hand and forearm muscles during a sustained isometric contraction in a group of subjects with writer's cramp of varying duration. Corticomotor threshold, motor evoked potential amplitude and latency, and silent-period duration were normal on both sides in all subjects. The maps of the corticomotor projection were displaced relative to normal in all subjects, and in some cases were distorted in shape, with extensions of the lateral borders and the emergence of almost discrete secondary motor areas. The degree of map distortion and displacement was greatest in subjects with long-standing writer's cramp (> 5 years), and was bilateral in some cases. Injection of botulinum toxin into affected muscles demonstrated that the alterations in map topography were not fixed, and could be temporarily reversed during the period when the clinical effects of the injection were greatest, with the maps returning to their original positions as the effects of the injection wore off. It is concluded from this study that there are slowly evolving reorganizational changes in the primary motor cortex in writer's cramp, and that these changes may be secondary to altered afferent inputs from both clinically affected and unaffected muscles.
Adult↗
Calcium therapy for treating PMS.
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Adolescent↗
Oligomerization of the amide sensor protein AmiC by x-ray and neutron scattering and molecular modeling.
AmiC is the negative regulator of the amidase operon which is involved in amide metabolism in the cytosol of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crystal structures show that AmiC contains two large domains that are very similar to the periplasmic leucine-isoleucine-valine binding protein (LivJ) of Escherichia coli. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron (in 100% 2H2O buffer) scattering data were obtained for AmiC in the presence of its substrate acetamide and its anti-inducer butyramide which binds more weakly to AmiC than acetamide. Guinier analyses to obtain radius of gyration RG and molecular weight Mr values showed that AmiC formed trimers whose formation was favored in the presence of acetamide and which exhibited concentration-dependent properties at concentrations between 0.4 and 2 mg/mL. Above 2 mg/mL, where trimers predominated, the RG data were identical within 0.05 nm for AmiC-acetamide and AmiC-butyramide with mean X-ray and neutron RG values of 3.35 and 3. 28 nm, respectively. Scattering curve fits constrained by the crystal structure of AmiC-acetamide were evaluated in order to describe a model for trimeric AmiC. A translational search of parallel alignments of three monomers to form a symmetric AmiC homotrimer gave a good X-ray curve fit. Combinations of calculated curves for monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric AmiC as seen in the crystal structure of AmiC gave reasonable but weaker X-ray curve fits which did not favor the existence of tetrameric AmiC. It is concluded that AmiC exhibits novel ligand-dependent oligomerization properties in solution when these are compared to other members of the periplasmic binding protein superfamily, where AmiC exists in monomeric and trimeric forms, the proportions of which depend on the presence of acetamide or butyramide.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma.
The present study is a 15-month follow-up of the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on the functioning of 66 participants, 32 of whom were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prior to treatment, PTSD participants improved as much as those without the diagnosis, with both groups maintaining their gains at 15 months. At 15-month follow-up, the three 90-min sessions of EMDR previously administered (S.A. Wilson, L.A. Becker, & R. H. Tinker, 1995) produced an 84% reduction in PTSD diagnosis and a 68% reduction in PTSD symptoms. The average treatment effect size was 1.59; the average reliable change index was 3.37. Implications of the maintenance of EMDR treatment effects are discussed.
Adult↗
The transition to nursing home life: a comparison of planned and unplanned admissions.
The percentage of elderly people in nursing homes increases with age from 7% for adults aged 75-84 years to 20% for those over 85 years old. Limited research has been done with elderly people whose admission to a nursing home was planned or unplanned. This study addressed: what are the initial experiences of elderly people in making the transition to nursing home life when the admission was planned or unplanned? A grounded theory approach using constant comparative methods was used to discover the process and patterns of transition to nursing home life. Data were collected 24 hours after admission and every other day for 2 weeks, and 1 month post-admission using in-depth semistructured interviews and field notes. Data analysis demonstrated that the transition to nursing home life occurred in three phases: overwhelmed, adjustment and initial acceptance phase. The phases of adjustment are discussed along with interventions to assist older adults in making this transition.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Transcription antitermination regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase operon.
In vivo titration experiments have demonstrated a direct interaction between the Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcription antiterminator, AmiR, and the mRNA leader sequence of the amidase operon. A region of 39 nucleotides has been identified which is sufficient to partially titrate out the AmiR available for antitermination. Site-directed mutagenesis has shown that the leader open reading frame has no role in the antitermination reaction, and has identified two critical elements at the 5' and 3' ends of the proposed AmiR binding site which are independently essential for antitermination. A T7 promoter/RNA polymerase-driven system shows AmiR-mediated antitermination, demonstrating a lack of promoter/polymerase specificity. Using the operon negative regulator, AmiC, immobilized on a solid support and gel filtration chromatography, an AmiC-AmiR complex has been identified and isolated. Complex stability and molecular weight assayed by gel filtration alter depending on the type of amide bound to AmiC. AmiC-AmiR-anti-inducer is a stable dimer-dimer complex and the addition of the inducer, acetamide, causes a conformational change which alters the complex stability and either this new configuration or dissociated AmiR interacts with the leader mRNA to cause antitermination.
Amidohydrolases↗
Spatial differences in the sites of direct and indirect activation of corticospinal neurones by magnetic stimulation.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the human motor cortex evokes multiple descending volleys possibly through activation of different elements within the brain. We have investigated whether such elements can be distinguished spatially. Using a figure of eight coil, TMS was delivered over multiple scalp sites during a low level voluntary contraction of the left first dorsal interosseous muscle. At near-threshold intensity, early or late surface electromyograph (EMG) components (relative to anodal response latency) could be preferentially evoked with the coil aligned in a medio-lateral (ML), antero-posterior (AP), or postero-anterior (PA) orientation. The optimal location of the earliest component with ML coil orientation was 8 mm medial and 5 mm anterior compared to a later component with AP orientation. The optimal location for the same latency EMG component mapped using two different coil orientations (AP and ML) was not significantly different. The optimal location of two different late components, one obtained with AP and the other with PA coil orientations, was similar. It is argued that the earliest TMS-evoked component results from direct activation of corticospinal cell axons while later components result from activation of these cells trans-synaptically (indirectly), and that consequently there is a substantial spatial separation between these activation sites.
Adult↗
Comprehensive gait analysis in posterior-stabilized knee arthroplasty.
Sixteen patients implanted with a posterior-stabilized prosthesis (Insall-Burstein PS II, Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) and 32 age-matched control subjects were evaluated by isokinetic muscle testing and comprehensive gait analysis at a mean 46 months following the index arthroplasty. The contralateral knee was normal in 13 patients and an asymptomatic total knee arthroplasty in 3 patients. No significant differences (P > .05) were found between the study and control groups in spatiotemporal gait parameters nor were there isokinetic strength deficits. A prolonged firing of the vastus medialis was observed in some patients. Knee range of motion during level walking and stair descent was decreased significantly (P < .05) in the study group. There was no significant difference for knee range of motion between the study and control groups during stair ascent. Spatiotemporal gait parameters in the total knee arthroplasty patients show no significant differences from the control subject at nearly 4 years after surgery. However, other gait abnormalities are present and cannot be accounted for on the basis of muscle weakness, abnormal phasic muscle activity, or inadequate knee range of motion. With reference to historic control subjects, the persistent gait abnormalities of patients implanted with posterior-stabilized prostheses (posterior cruciate substituting) are comparable to those of patients implanted with cruciate-retaining prostheses and superior to cruciate-sacrificing prostheses.
Adult↗
Symposium on nursing centers: past, present and future.
A call for articles related to nursing centers was generated (Tanner, 1994), based on the fact that many existing nursing centers operate out of schools of nursing. Proceedings of a symposium on nursing centers presented at the Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) meeting in April 1994 are shared as a way of advancing the development, implementation, and evaluation of nursing centers. The four contributions represent a review of the historical, empirical, and anecdotal literature, key elements in creating and maintaining a research laboratory, data sets useful for practice and research, and policy issues germane to nursing centers, which are a cornerstone of health care reform.
Community Health Centers↗
Identification of two new genes in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase operon, encoding an ATPase (AmiB) and a putative integral membrane protein (AmiS).
The nucleotide sequence of the amidase operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been completed and two new genes identified amiB and amiS. The complete gene order for the operon is thus amiEBCRS. The amiB gene encodes a 42-kDa protein containing an ATP binding motif that shares extensive homology with the Clp family of proteins and also to an open reading frame adjacent to the amidase gene from Rhodococcus erythropolis. Deletion of the amiB gene has no apparent effect on inducible amidase expression and it is thus unlikely to encode a regulatory protein. A maltose-binding protein-AmiB fusion has been purified and shown to have an intrinsic ATPase activity (Km = 174 +/- 15 mM; Vmax = 2.4 +/- 0.1 mM/min/mg), which is effectively inhibited by ammonium vanadate and ADP. The amiS gene encodes an 18-kDa protein with a high content of hydrophobic residues. Hydropathy analysis suggests the presence of six transmembrane helices in this protein. The AmiS sequences is homologous to an open reading frame identified adjacent to the amidase gene from Mycobacterium smegmatis and to the ureI gene from the urease operon of Helicobacter pylori. AmiS and its homologs appear to be a novel family of integral membrane proteins. Together AmiB and AmiS resemble two components of an ABC transporter system.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
An outbreak of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters. Implications for maintaining safe oyster beds.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and the cause of an outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters. DESIGN: Survey of groups of persons reporting illness to the health department after eating oysters; survey of convenience sample of oyster harvesters; and tracing of implicated oysters. SETTING: General community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk for illness after oyster consumption, source bed of contaminated oysters, presence of antibodies to Norwalk virus in serum, presence of a Norwalk virus in stool by direct electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA sequences of RT-PCR products. RESULTS: Seventy (83%) of 84 persons who ate raw oysters became ill vs three (7%) of 43 people who did not eat raw oysters (relative risk, 11.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 34.2). Eleven (79%) of 14 serum pairs had at least a fourfold increase in antibody to Norwalk virus. All 12 stool samples tested were positive by electron microscopy and/or RT-PCR for Norwalk virus. The RT-PCR products from all seven stool samples tested had identical DNA sequences. Implicated oysters were harvested November 9 through 13, 1993, from a remote oyster bed. Crews from 22 (85%) of 26 oyster harvesting boats working in this area reported routine overboard disposal of sewage. One harvester with a high level of antibodies to Norwalk virus reported having gastroenteritis November 7 through 10 and overboard disposal of feces into the oyster bed. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was caused by contamination of oysters in the oyster bed, probably by stool from one or more ill harvesters. Education of oyster harvesters and enforcement of regulations governing waste disposal by oyster harvesting boats might prevent similar outbreaks.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of the magnetically mapped corticomotor representation of a muscle at rest and during low-level voluntary contraction.
This study has compared the topography of the corticomotor representation of an intrinsic hand muscle in the relaxed state and during a low-level voluntary contraction using transcranial magnetic stimulation. It was found that the optimum cortical stimulus site and the surrounding area of excitable cortex were shifted approximately 6 mm medially as a result of performing a voluntary contraction. This difference may be due to a combination of factors involving the spatial distribution of excitable intracortical fibres, the effects of muscle afferent activity on motor cortex excitability, and task-dependent modifications of corticomotor output.
Adult↗
An investigation of the late excitatory potential in the hand following magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.
Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex gives rise to a motor evoked potential (MEP) followed by a silent period (SP) during which a late excitatory potential (LEP) may occur in the surface EMG. To elucidate the mechanism of the LEP we investigated the effect of muscle contraction, stimulus intensity and stimulation site on the LEP recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The amplitude of the LEP increased with increasing levels of muscle contraction and decreased with increasing stimulus intensity. There was no direct relationship between the amplitude of the LEP and the MEP, but there was an inverse relationship between LEP amplitude and SP duration. The latency of the LEP was unaffected by the level of muscle contraction, but increased with increasing stimulus intensity. Topographic mapping with stimulation at multiple scalp sites yielded a LEP at sites partially encircling but not including the centre of the APB motor area. These results are consistent with the LEP being due to reflex alpha motoneurone firing as a result of gamma motoneurone activation or with a period of disinhibition at cortical level allowing breakthrough of voluntary activity.
Adult↗
The origin of the soleus late response evoked by magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human motor cortex elicits a primary motor evoked potential (MEP) in the soleus muscle at a latency of approximately 30 msec, which may be followed by a late potential with a variable latency of 80-120 msec (soleus late response, SLR). While the MEP is thought to arise from stimulation of the corticospinal tract, the origin of the SLR is uncertain. In the present study we have investigated the properties of the SLR in order to elucidate its origin. An SLR was evoked at a latency of 100-120 msec in 5 out of 10 normal subjects in the relaxed state and at a latency of approximately 100 msec in all subjects when tibialis anterior (TA) was slightly facilitated. The SLR was largest with 5-10% TA contraction, decreased in size with increasing levels of TA contraction and was negligible in all subjects when the foot was immobilised. The latency of the SLR fell by 23 msec when the foot was passively dorsiflexed 20 degrees. A similar response to the SLR, at a latency of 77 msec, was present in all subjects following electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve. Our findings suggest that the SLR is a soleus stretch reflex resulting from dorsiflexion of the foot due to preferential activation of TA following cortical stimulation.
Adolescent↗
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals.
The effects of 3 90-min eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment sessions on traumatic memories of 80 participants were studied. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment or delayed-treatment conditions and to 1 of 5 licensed therapists trained in EMDR. Participants receiving EMDR showed decreases in presenting complaints and in anxiety and increases in positive cognition. Participants in the delayed-treatment condition showed no improvement on any of these measures across the 30 days before treatment, but after treatment participants in the delayed-treatment condition showed similar effects on all measures. The effects were maintained at 90-day follow-up.
Adult↗
Hurricane Andrew-related injuries and illnesses, Louisiana, 1992.
To determine the extent and types of injuries and illnesses in Louisiana associated with or related to Hurricane Andrew, we gathered data from hospital emergency departments and coroner's offices on demographic variables, institution, nature and cause of the injury or illness, body part affected, location, and date and time of the event. A hurricane-related injury or illness was defined as one that occurred from noon on August 24, 1992, through midnight on September 21, 1992, as a direct or indirect result of the preparation for (preimpact), the impact of, or the clean-up after the hurricane (postimpact). Nineteen parishes in south-central Louisiana that were most affected by Hurricane Andrew provided data from patients seen in emergency departments and reports from coroner's offices. Active, advance surveillance of this type promotes and facilitates the reporting of disaster-related health outcomes. Future planning for hurricanes should take into account the high rate of cuts, lacerations, and puncture wounds, particularly during the postimpact phase.
Adolescent↗