PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Abid

Publications and source records attributed to S Abid.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Inhospital prognosis of acute myocardial infarction: comparison of two periods to ten years of interval].

Acute myocardial infarction prognosis depends on many factors relative to the patient, to the disease and to the quality and promptness of the treatment. The interventional revascularisation is superior to pharmacological revascularisation. The aim of the study is to compare acute myocardial infarction inhospital lethality in the coronary care unit before and after use of emergency angioplasty. The retrospective study compared inhospital lethality over two four years periods separated by an interval of ten years: [1991-1994] and [2001-2004]. Lethality had increased from 7.8% to 11.3%. During the second period emergency angioplasty (under 24 hours) primary (4.8%) or rescue (2.5%), not applied in the nineties, was not related to survival and did not allow an improvement of patients' hospital prognosis. The population of the second period was characterized by: a greater average age (60.8 vs. 58.6 years), more female subjects (20.1 vs. 14.6%), less nicotinic subjects (60.2 vs. 78.5%) and less patients receiving fibrinolytic treatment (43.0 vs. 50.4%). These parameters were as many factors related to the risk of hospital death in univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that after adjustment on all the other factors the lack of thrombolysis remains unquestionably related to the hospital overlethality. The time delays for admission in the intensive care unit were relatively long and comparable over the two periods (8.2 vs. 7.5 hours). Within our hospital structure early angioplasty not being able to be realized in the hour, which follows the diagnosis on a large scale, and in a continual way, it would be preferable to always consider thrombolysis first in all cases apart from contraindications without excluding the possibility of a hybrid treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Anterior chamber migration of Supramid tube from short Krupin valves after more than 13 years of implantation. Two case reports].

INTRODUCTION: In 2004, the authors had to remove two short Krupin valves because the Supramid tube of these valves implanted 13 years previously had migrated into the anterior chamber. CASE REPORT: The first case was treated in April 2004, the second in November 2004. These valves had been implanted in January 1991 and August 1983 respectively; both because of insufficient, intense general and local medical treatments for vascular glaucoma: post-traumatic for one and neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion for the other. RESULTS: In 2004 in each case, the authors performed the extraction, with Healon, of the Supramid tube that had migrated into the anterior chamber and the dissection of the previous scleral flap, which allowed them to uncover and extract the Silastic scleral tube whose split distal end continued to allow seepage of aqueous humour. The two lateral Supramid arms used to stitch the valve were also removed. The two valves were replaced with a Molteno glaucoma drainage implant. Follow-up was simple. DISCUSSION: Since February 1981, several Krupin valves, first short, then long, were placed in the Ophthalmic Ward of the Villeneuve St Georges Hospital in France. The authors discuss their structure and evolution. The design of these valves, at first made of two different materials (an intracameral Supramid tube followed by a intrascleral Silastic tube) evolved toward a draining tube made from the same material for its entire length, preventing the disconnection of the two tubes. A literature review retraces the history of the device and the modifications over time. CONCLUSION: These old Krupin valves have stabilized the IOP for several years in numerous glaucoma patients who did not respond to intense medical treatments. Their dual-material concept was redesigned in favor of a single tube that could no longer become a mobile intraocular foreign body.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of biopsy-based methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Various biopsy-based methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori are evaluated to determine their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of H. pylori (16S PCR) to confirm the results. Seventyfive patients (65% [49] males, age range: 17-77 years, mean 42+/-14.6 years) with dyspeptic symptoms are included in the study. Gastric antrum biopsy specimens collected during endoscopy are tested using a urea agar base enriched with 40% urea solution (eUAB, Oxoid)), a commercial rapid urease test (Pronto Dry, Medical Instrument Corp, Switzerland), histopathology and 16S PCR. The eUAB test showed 97% sensitivity, 86% specificity, 84% PPV, 97% NPV and 91% accuracy when the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was made with positive Pronto Dry and histopathology. Pronto Dry showed 100% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 80% PPV, 100% NPV and 89% accuracy when the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was made on positive histopathology and eUAB. Thus, the eUAB can be used as a rapid urease test. It is economical and has a sensitivity and specificity comparable to a commercially available rapid urease test to detect urease activity of H. pylori in gastric biopsy.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2006

[Association hyperlipidemia and retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy].

Diabetes mellitus is usually accompagned with dyslipidemia, which can be correlated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of the study is to determine the relation between DR and hyperlipidemia. We studied prospectively 64 diabetic patients classified into 2 groups: the first associated diabetics having dyslipidemia (n=34) and the second without dyslipidemia (n=30). The mean follow up was 11 months. We observed a high frequency of retinal hard exudates in diabetics with dyslipidemia in comparison with the second group (32% versus 10%). The control of dyslipidemia is recommended in diabetic patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Pill-induced esophageal injury: endoscopic features and clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Pill-induced esophageal injury is a common but under-reported problem. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and endoscopic features, and the outcome of pill-related esophageal injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Endoscopy records for the period from January 1997 to June 2003 were searched for reports of esophageal pathology. The records of patients with pill-induced esophageal injury were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients with pill-induced esophageal injury were identified (33 men, 59 women; mean age 59, range 25-87). Common symptoms were odynophagia (n = 69, 75 %), chest pain (n = 55, 60 %), vomiting (n = 53, 58 %), dysphagia (n = 31, 33 %), and hematemesis (n = 14, 15 %). The endoscopic findings in the esophagus were: erythema in 76 patients (83 %), erosions in 53 patients (58 %), ulcers in 24 patients (26 %), seven of which were "kissing" ulcers, esophageal ulcer with bleeding in 17 patients (18 %), and esophageal strictures in seven patients (8 %). The causative pills were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 38 patients (41 %), tetracyclines in 20 patients (22 %), potassium chloride tablets in nine patients (10 %), alendronate in eight patients (9 %), and other drugs in 17 patients (18 %). Underlying diseases included diabetes in 60 patients (65 %), ischemic heart disease in 39 patients (42 %), and hypothyroidism in four patients (4 %). The mean hospital stay was 1.94 days; 14 patients (15 %) required injection of epinephrine 1 : 10,000 to control bleeding; and two patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Pill-induced injury may present as erosions, kissing ulcers, and multiple small areas of ulceration with bleeding, mainly in the middle third of the esophagus. Advanced age, female gender, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease were common associations. The majority of patients made an uneventful recovery.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Irritable bowel syndrome in health care professionals in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the symptomatology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among health care professionals attending an IBS symposium in a tertiary care university hospital. METHOD: A questionnaire designed to incorporate Manning and Rome II criteria was distributed among participants of an IBS symposium, most of them were health care professionals. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed, 41 had symptoms fulfilling criteria of IBS. In these patients male: female ratio was 28:13 with age range 18-68. RESULTS: The predominant symptom was abdominal pain 87.8 % (36/41) which was aggravated post-prandially 72.2% (29/41), relieved following defecation in 87% (35/41) with a sense of incomplete evacuation 85.3% (35/41) and distention after defecation in 80.4% (33/41). Anxiety and depression was present in 80% (33/41) as an extraintestinal symptom. CONCLUSION: Irritable bowel syndrome is common in health care workers with intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations being equally common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Gene frequencies of human neutrophil antigens in the Tunisian blood donors and Berbers.

Human neutrophil antigens play an important role in provoking immune neutropenia and transfusion-reactions. The aim of this study was to determine granulocyte-specific antigens on the neutrophil Fc gamma receptor IIIb (Fc gamma RIIIb, CD16b), namely, the HNA-1a(NA1) and HNA-1b(NA2) antigens and their gene frequencies in Tunisian blood donors and Berbers. One hundred and ninety-nine unrelated healthy Tunisian blood donors and Berbers were typed for HNA-1a and HNA-1b(NA1 and NA2), using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). In 24 granulocyte samples, the HNA-1a and HNA-1b phenotypes was additionally determined by the granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and correlated with the genotyping results. A subsequent analysis of the genotyping study showed that, the HNA-1a and HNA-1b gene frequencies observed, were 0.342 and 0.658 for Berbers, and 0.311 and 0.668 for blood donors, respectively. In the genotyping study conducted, it was determined that the HNA-1a and HNA-1b gene frequencies observed in Tunisian blood donors and Berbers are similar to those previously reported in other white populations.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2000

Triple therapy with clarithromycin, omeprazole, and amoxicillin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients in Asia and Africa.

BACKGROUND: Studies assessing the efficacy of triple therapy containing clarithromycin and amoxicillin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and healing of duodenal ulcers in Asian and African countries are limited. AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of 1-week triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradicating H. pylori infection in patients with active duodenal ulcer living in Asian and African regions. METHODS: This was an open-label, multicentre study in 11 centres in Asia and Africa. Patients with endoscopy-proven duodenal ulcer and who were H. pylori-positive were treated with clarithromycin 500 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, and amoxicillin 1000 mg, all given twice daily for 7 days. Upper endoscopy was repeated at week 6 to check for ulcer healing and H. pylori status. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients were recruited. H. pylori eradication rates were 85% by per protocol analysis and 80% by intention-to-treat analysis. Ulcer healing was found in 94% of subjects (per protocol analysis). Clinical success, measured by change of pre-treatment ulcer symptoms, was strongly supported by complete resolution or improvement in 100% of the evaluable patients (per protocol analysis). Since treatment-related adverse events, when present, were largely mild or moderate, the triple therapy regimen was considered safe. CONCLUSION: Seven-day triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin was efficacious for treating Asian and African patients with duodenal ulcer disease associated with H. pylori infection, and the treatment regimen was well-tolerated.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed2000

NA antigen frequencies in the Tunisian population.

The biallelic NA antigen system is of special interest as the NA antigens are frequent targets of neutrophil antibodies, causing alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, blood transfusion reactions, and chronic benign autoimmune neutropenia in infancy. Neutrophils isolated from the peripheral blood of 119 unrelated individuals at the National Blood Center were phenotyped for NA1 and NA2 using a granulocyte immunofluorescence assay. A subsequent analysis of the phenotyping study showed that the NA1 and NA2 antigen frequencies were 0.529 and 0.865 respectively, and that the estimated NA1 and NA2 gene frequencies were 0.313 and 0.632 respectively. In conclusion, it was determined that the Tunisian population is of Caucasian origin. However, to validate this finding, further investigations are necessary.

Asia↗
PubMed1999

Maternal Lyme disease and congenital heart disease: A case-control study in an endemic area.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal Lyme disease increases the risk of congenital heart defect. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective case-control study was carried out at a medical center in a suburban area where Lyme disease is endemic. Case patients comprised 796 children with a diagnosis of congenital cardiac anomaly. Control subjects comprised 704 children without cardiac defects selected from the records of the same pediatric cardiology service. Maternal histories were obtained through a mailed questionnaire survey. Unconditional logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between a history of preconception and prenatal clinical Lyme disease or tick bite and case or control status. RESULTS: There was no association between congenital heart defect and maternal tick bite (adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.5-2.5) or maternal Lyme disease within 3 months of conception or during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 0.9; 95% confidence interval 0.2-3.6). CONCLUSION: A woman who has been bitten by a tick or is treated for Lyme disease during or before pregnancy is not at increased risk for giving birth to a child with a congenital heart defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Karyomegaly of tubular cells as early stage marker of the nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A in rats.

Cases of karyomegaly were described by Sclare and by Mihatch in patients affected with tubular-interstitial nephropathy. The Karyomegalic cells showed enlarged nuclei with accumulation of genetic material. No aetiology was suggested. Our study of rats experimentally intoxicated by ochratoxin A, a well-known nephrotoxic compound, indicates the presence of karyomegaly with alteration of the tubular tissue. In control animals no karyomegalic cells were detected. These observations suggest that karyomegaly with megacytosis may be caused by the nephrotoxic ochratoxin A in the kidney. In addition abnormal mitosis together with karyomegalic cells were observed at an earlier stage of the intoxication (30 days) suggesting possible regeneration if the OTA insults are stopped. After 90 days of treatment, the degeneration increased and only karyomegalic and apoptotic-like cells were observed indicating that the regeneration no longer occurs and that the degeneration becomes irreversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Dietary practices and beliefs of patients with chronic liver disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study of the dietary practices and beliefs of patients suffering from chronic liver disease. SETTING: Two private tertcary care hospitals. METHOD: Fifty patients presenting to the Gastroenterology Clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Baqai Hospital, with compensated liver disease and no other co-morbid condition which required dietary modifications, were enrolled in the study. Patients were interviewed regarding their current dietary practices using an open-ended questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 48 years and the majority were in relatively poor nutritional status. Four had BMI's < 18; 58% had Hb < 12 g/dl and 36% had albumin levels < 3 gm/dl. The percentage of patients avoiding various foods is as follows: meats 72%, fats and oils 64%, salt 42%, spices 34%, milk and milk products 28%, rice 20%. CONCLUSION: The most commonly cited reason for avoiding a given food was the advice of the family doctor, followed by advice by gastroenterologists, family and friends. Concepts from alternative medicine and continuation of dietary restrictions imposed during a decompensated phase also influenced intake. Compromised nutritional status is a poor predictor of clinical outcome in liver disease therefore it is important that gastroenterologists be proactive regarding nutritional counseling and both patients and their primary care physicians understand the importance of not imposing unnecessary restrictions on dietary intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Use of affinity capillary electrophoresis for the study of protein and drug interactions.

Protein-drug interactions were studied using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). The initial study was performed using a model system, fibronectin-heparin interaction. Two distinct binding constants, 21 and 641 nM, were derived from the Scatchard plots. The results are consistent with reported data obtained using other analytical techniques. The ACE binding assay was applied for studying molecular interactions between kedarcidin chromophore and apoprotein. Conditions with an organic solvent as buffer component were examined to establish a suitable binding assay. It appears that the electrophoretic behavior of the protein shows little distortion in the presence of either dimethyl sulfoxide (up to 10%) or acetonitrile (ACN) (up to 30%). The binding assay was initially conducted in aqueous buffer phase. The saturation concentration of chomophore was found to be around 15 microM. A linear Scatchard plot was derived from binding data with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. The binding constant was determined as Kd = 5.6 microM. The effects of organic solvent content ranging from 0 to 30% ACN on the constant were examined. The binding constants were determined as Kd = 11, 12.5 and 16.2 microM for 5, 10 and 30% ACN, respectively. It appeared that the binding affinity between kedarcidin chromophore and apoprotein is reduced as the organic solvent content in the aqueous phase is increased.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1997

[Screening and confirmation of anti-HCV antibodies in Tunisian blood donors].

Antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in 43000 Tunisian blood donors by using enzyme immuno-assay. Our results show that 0.7% (304/43000) were anti-HVC positive. Of these 304.78 were confirmed anti-HCV positive (0.18%) by immuno-blot, and 99 displayed an indeterminate profile. Different immune responses were observed: In donors with positive serologic pattern (78/304), 25.6% response towards whole antigens (C + NS3 + NS4 + NS5) was frequently observed (44/78) 56.4%. Reactivity to 2 antigens was observed in 28.2% (22/78) and with 3 antigens in only 15.4% (12/78), with systematic reactivity to core. In donors with indeterminate serologic pattern (99/304) 32.5%, reactivity to non-structural antigen NS5 was the most frequently observed (54/99) 54.5%, reactivity to non-structural NS3 antigen was noted in 27.3% (27/99) and to core antigen in 18.2% (18/99). No donors with isolated reactivity to NS4 were observed in our series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Duodenal erosions and ulcers in patients with pancreatobiliary obstruction.

In order to determine whether obstructive pancreatobiliary lesions increase the risk of duodenal erosions and ulcers, the duodenal mucosa of patients with these lesions were prospectively examined before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). During the study period, 133 patients underwent ERCP for various reasons in the Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital. One hundred and twenty-three patients were eligible for final analysis. Sixty-five patients with bilirubin > or = 35 mumol/L and alkaline phosphatase > or = 2.5 times normal levels along with radiological evidence of pancreatobiliary obstruction were included in the obstruction group. Fifty-eight patients who did not fulfil these criteria were used in the control group. Acid peptic lesions, which included erosions and ulcers, were seen in 16 patients of the obstruction group and four patients of the control group (P = 0.016, odds ratio (OR) = 4.41). Patients with carcinoma of the pancreas had a greater number of lesions than the rest of the obstruction group (P = 0.001, OR = 8.75). Individual variables like age, sex, serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase levels, and duration of jaundice did not increase the vulnerability to acid peptic injury. The degree of obstruction multiplied by duration of jaundice (alkaline phosphatase x days) increased the susceptibility for duodenal disease (P = 0.047). From this data it was concluded that patients with obstructive pancreatobiliary lesions are more prone to acid peptic duodenal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of octreotide in diarrhoea due to Vibrio cholerae: a randomized, controlled trial.

Although octreotide, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, is currently used in the treatment of chronic secretory diarrhoea due to various causes, its role in the management of acute secretory diarrhoea is not well established. In the present study, therefore, the therapeutic value of octreotide in the management of cholera, a classical example of acute secretory diarrhoea, was investigated. During an outbreak of cholera, patients admitted with acute secretory diarrhoea of < or = 24 h duration and a purging rate > 100 ml/h were enrolled on the study and randomly assigned to octreotide (N = 17) and control (N = 16) groups. All 33 patients received intravenous fluid replacement and antibiotic treatment (200 mg ofloxacin twice daily for 3 days, by mouth). Each patient in the octreotide group was also given a subcutaneous injection containing 100 micrograms octreotide every 8 h for a maximum of six doses. The stool output of each patient was recorded every hour until there had been none for an hour, which was taken as the endpoint. Mean (S.D.) total stool output was lower [6.56 (3.7) v. 9.7 (6.5) litres] and the mean (S.D.) duration of diarrhoea after admission was shorter [32.9 (15.6) v. 47.8 (22.3); P < 0.05] in the octreotide group than in the control group. However, as both groups generally had similar purging rates, the higher volume of stools from the control group was simply the result of the longer period of diarrhoea in this group. Octreotide therefore only decreased the duration of diarrhoea in the cholera patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Community acquired and post-transfusion hepatitis C "is there a difference?".

We analyzed 77 consecutive hepatitis C antibody positive patients to compare the history, laboratory data and histological features of community acquired (CA) and post-transfusion (PT) hepatitis C. Forty-six patients had "CA" and 31 "PT" hepatitis C. Mean age in both groups was same (45.67 vs 46 years). Male to female ratio was 2:1 in the CA group and 1:2.4 in the PT group. Mean duration between jaundice and first presentation was 8.9 years in the CA group and the mean duration between transfusion and first presentation was 9.8 years in PT group. No significant difference was found between two groups in the laboratory data. Liver biopsy was done in 32 patients (19 CA and 13 PT group). Mean histological score for disease activity was 9.3 in both groups, although more (68%) patients in the CA group had cirrhosis with chronic active hepatitis, (CAH) as compared to the PT (54%) group. Hepatitis C is an important cause of CA hepatitis. PT hepatitis C is more common in females because of increased likelihood of receiving transfusion for obstetric and gynaecological reasons. There is no significant difference in the laboratory and histological features between CA and PT hepatitis C.

Adult↗