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S Adelstein

Publications and source records attributed to S Adelstein.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Induction of self-tolerance in T cells but not B cells of transgenic mice expressing little self antigen.

Self-tolerance to a transgene-encoded protein, hen egg lysozyme, was examined in the T and B cell repertoires of a series of lines of transgenic mice that expressed different serum concentrations of soluble lysozyme. T cells were tolerant in all lines in which lysozyme was expressed irrespective of the antigen concentration, whereas B cell tolerance did not occur when the serum lysozyme concentration was less than 1.5 nanograms per milliliter (0.1 nM). Induction of elevated transgene expression could restore B cell tolerance. These findings support the hypothesis that autoimmune disease may in some instances arise through a bypass of T cell tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The need for central and peripheral tolerance in the B cell repertoire.

The immune system normally avoids producing antibodies that react with autologous ("self") antigens by censoring self-reactive T and B cells. Unlike the T cell repertoire, antibody diversity is generated within the B cell repertoire in two phases; the first occurs by gene rearrangement in primary lymphoid organs, and the second phase involves antigen-driven hypermutation in peripheral lymphoid organs. The possibility that distinct cellular mechanisms may impose self tolerance at these two different phases of B cell diversification may explain recent findings in transgenic mouse models, in which self-reactive B cells appear to be silenced both by functional inactivation and by physical elimination.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion by immunization with paternal lymphocytes: correlates with outcome.

Previous observations have suggested that defective recognition of fetal alloantigens by the maternal immune system is associated with recurrent pregnancy failure and that this may be prevented by boosting the maternal immune system with paternal or pooled third-party leukocytes. The mechanism whereby this process achieves success is not clear, and accordingly to explore this we immunized 28 couples with recurrent fetal loss with 80 x 10(6) paternal peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) and followed various immunological parameters. The couples studied, in whom 55% achieved a successful pregnancy, showed no increase in sharing of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, or -DR antigens and no consistent evidence of a decreased mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) or MLR plasma-blocking factors compared with control couples. Immunization did not alter these parameters but did induce antipaternal lymphocytotoxins, although the presence of the latter did not correlate with pregnancy outcome. There was a correlation between rapid conception after immunization and a subsequent successful pregnancy. A successful pregnancy also correlated with sustained postimmunization, postconception maternal antipaternal allospecific CD-8+ suppressor T cells. Although these findings provide overall evidence that immunization produces changes in the way in which the maternal immune system interacts with the fetus, larger numbers of couples and a higher dose of paternal lymphocytes will be needed to establish clearly whether this therapy works and its mechanism of action.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Haemostatic factors in Black and White diabetics.

Haemostatic factors in 33 Black and 32 White maturity-onset diabetics were analysed and compared with those in 19 normal Black and 19 White subjects. The Black-White diabetic group comparisons revealed depressed antithrombin (AT) III functional activity, a raised factor VII level and a raised factor V level in females in the White diabetic group. On comparing the White diabetics with their respective controls a rise in factor VIII and fibrinogen activity was demonstrated. These changes are suggestive of a hypercoagulable state in the White maturity-onset diabetic. In contrast, Black diabetics have higher functional AT III levels than their respective controls. This may indicate a protective reaction which would explain in part the reported lower incidence of occlusive vascular disease in this group. Platelet hyperactivity was not demonstrated in the majority of White and Black diabetics. Black diabetics and controls demonstrated higher factor VIII levels than the corresponding White groups, confirming previous observations of raised factor VIII levels among Blacks and suggesting that this feature is a racial characteristic.

Adult↗