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Biomedical subjects

S Akizuki

Publications and source records attributed to S Akizuki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[A pathological study of cytomegalovirus infections in autopsied cases with adult T-cell leukemia].

In this study, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was found in eleven of 21 autopsied cases (52.4%) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Seven cases (63.6%) revealed disseminated infection in more than three organs. The lungs were involved in all eleven cases (100%), adrenal glands in eight cases (72.7%), esophagus in four cases (36.4%), and stomach, small intestine and urinary bladder in three cases (27.3%). Histopathological findings suggested that lung involvement was the cause of death in five of the 11 cases, the small intestine were involved in two of the 3 cases, and the adrenal glands were involved in one of the 8 cases. In summary, CMV infection was found to be the main cause of death in five (45.5%) of the 11 ATL patients.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1997

[Cystic lymphangioma of the tunica vaginalis testis. A case report].

A 42-year-old man who complained progressive enlargement of an intrascrotal mass visited to our hospital. Preoperative sonography revealed multiple cystic masses adjacent to the left testis. Total surgical excision was performed. The cystic masses were arising from tunica vaginalis testis. Histopathologically, a cystic lymphangioma was diagnosed because of the morphological features and the immunohistochemical stainings of CD34 and Factor VIII related antigen which were observed positive reactions in endothelial cells of the cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A new method of hemostasis for cementless total knee arthroplasty.

Heavy bleeding often occurs following cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and it is difficult to control. We devised a new method of hemostasis after cementless TKA. In brief, the implant was inserted after coating the exposed surface of the cancellous bone with fibrin glue. Before removal of the tourniquet after completion of the operation a cocktail of hemostatic agents (containing 25 mg of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate and 250 mg of tranexamic acid) in 50 ml of physiological saline was injected into the joint cavity via the drain tube and the drain was clamped for about 30 min after removal of the tourniquet. After removal of the clamp, standard negative pressure suction was performed. This method was used on 84 knees in 42 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral cementless TKA and 64 knees in 64 patients who underwent unilateral TKA. The mean total amount of blood loss during and after the operation was 235 +/- 178 ml in the unilateral TKA patients and 402 +/- 208 ml in the bilateral TKA patients. No patient required blood transfusions postoperatively. This method was effective for achieving hemostasis after cementless TKA.

Adrenochrome↗
PubMed1996

Three different point mutations in the butyrylcholinesterase gene of three Japanese subjects with a silent phenotype: possible Japanese type alleles.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic mutations in three Japanese subjects homozygous for silent butyrylcholinesterase mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS: One of them was compound heterozygous for two mutations; GGA(Gly) to CGA(Arg) at codon 365 (G365R) and CAA(Gln) to TAA(Ter) at codon 119 (Q119X). The other two subjects were homozygous for different missense mutations: CGT(Arg) to TGT(Cys) at codon 515 (R515C) and G365R, respectively. Simple identification methods for all of the mutations were developed and applied for family analysis and to control individuals. Two mutations, G365R and R515C, have been reported in the Japanese population, while the nonsense mutation Q119X was discovered in the present study. Genetic heterogeneity between human populations with regard to the butyrylcholinesterase gene was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Among the three mutations found in this investigation, one was novel, and none of these mutations have been reported outside Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid pressure during embolization of AVM.

We experienced that therapeutic embolization of a large cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) led to venous outflow obstruction resulting in intracranial hypertension in a patient who had undergone external decompression. To evaluate hemodynamic changes after embolization, we monitored the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the next four patients who underwent endovascular treatment. The embolization of a medium AVM resulted in a slight increase in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. In two medium AVMs, embolization produced slight decreases in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. In a small AVM, we did not observe any changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the endovascular treatment. We discuss the mechanism of changes in the intracranial pressure after embolization and conclude that monitoring of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure immediately yields useful information for hemodynamic changes during endovascular treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

No association between c-fos gene polymorphisms and sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

Although ApoE epsilon 4 is a major risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), 20-30% of sporadic AD patients do not have this allele. This indicates that other risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD. Studies of the genetic association between AD and polymorphisms in the c-fos gene, a candidate gene for AD, were conducted. The polymorphisms of DsaI in exon 2 and Sau3 AI in intron 2 were examined in 89 patients diagnosed as sporadic cases of probable AD clinically and radiologically according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. This was also undertaken in 96 controls. There was no significant difference between the groups in allele frequencies or genotype counts. Although c-fos gene as a locus conferring susceptibility to sporadic AD cannot be ruled out, these data could not support the hypothesis that a c-fos allele should be another risk factor for sporadic AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Structure of the osteopontin gene and its promoter.

We cloned the hOPN gene and its 5' upstream region, and analyzed its exon-intron structure and potential regulatory sequences of the promoter region in comparison with those of mouse and porcine homologues. The hOPN gene consists of 7 exons that are similar to those of the mouse gene, although the hOPN gene is longer than the mouse homologue. This difference is attributable to an insertion of about 1750 bp immediately before exon 4 in the hOPN gene. A region of approximately 285 bp immediately upstream of the hOPN transcription initiation site was highly conserved and contained a number of potential cis regulatory consensus sequences. CAT analysis using SCC-3 cells demonstrated that nucleotides at positions -439 to -270, -124 to -80, and -55 to -39 contained cis-acting enhancing elements, in which the -124 to -80 element was much more active than the others. Deletion of the sequences between -474 and -270 localized the cis elements to the sequence at position -439 to -410, whereas the deletion between -124 to -80 localized it to -124 to -115, and -94 to -80 (data not shown). Gel shift analysis using synthesized double-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to the 30 bp at position -439 to -410 (data not shown), and 10 and 15 bp regions at positions -124 to -115 and -94 to -80, respectively, as probes revealed that each probe formed one or two bands complexed with a nuclear protein prepared from SCC-3 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Expression of wild-type and mutated rabbit osteopontin in Escherichia coli, and their effects on adhesion and migration of P388D1 cells.

Recombinant wild-type rabbit osteopontin (rOP) and the protein with an aspartate-to-glutamate transposition induced by a point mutation in the rabbit OP cDNA within the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) sequence were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. P388D1 cells bound rOP in a saturable manner. rOP induced adhesion and haptotaxis of P388D1 cells, whereas mutated rabbit OP (rOPmut) did not. Anti-rOP IgG F(ab')2 and synthetic GRGDS peptide inhibited rOP-mediated adhesion and haptotaxis of P388D1 cells. Fibronectin (FN)-mediated adhesion of P388D1 cells was markedly inhibited in the presence of fluid-phase rOP. Adhesion of P388D1 cells to rOP was significantly inhibited by anti-[alpha-subunits of VLA4 (alpha 4) and VLA5 (alpha 5)] monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but not by anti-[alpha-subunit of vitronectin (VN) receptor (alpha V) or Mac-1 (alpha M)] mAb. Adhesion of P388D1 cells to FN and VN was significantly inhibited by anti-alpha V mAb but not anti-alpha 4, -alpha 5 or -alpha M mAb. Haptotaxis of P388D1 cells to rOP was significantly inhibited by anti-alpha V mAb, but not by anti-alpha 4, -alpha 5 and alpha M mAbs, whereas that to FN showed no inhibition with all three mAbs. Haptotaxis of P388D1 cells to VN was significantly inhibited by anti-alpha 5 and -alpha V mAbs but not by anti-alpha 4 and -alpha M mAbs. Similar features of inhibition of adhesion and haptotaxis of P388D1 cells to human OP were observed by mAbs. rOP had no chemotactic effect on P388D1 cells. Significant polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration was observed 3-12 h after intradermal injection of rOP into rabbits.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Importance of hepatovenous back-perfusion for maintenance of liver viability during the Pringle manoeuvre.

The role of hepatovenous back-perfusion in maintaining hepatic viability was investigated during inflow occlusion (Pringle manoeuvre) of the pig liver. The study compared two ischaemia procedures of 60 min duration: hepatic inflow occlusion and inflow plus outflow occlusion (vascular exclusion). Each procedure was carried out in six pigs and liver tissue perfusion, energy metabolism, lipid peroxidation and 7-day survival were assessed. Although all pigs survived after inflow occlusion, five of six died after vascular exclusion (P < 0.01). Exclusion induced a significant decrease in perfusion to 15.3 per cent of the value before ischaemia compared with 32.4 per cent after hepatic inflow occlusion alone (P < 0.01). Although cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels were significantly decreased by ischaemia in both groups, the fall was less in pigs with inflow occlusion alone (to 55 per cent of the preclamp value) than in those with exclusion (to 24 per cent of the preclamp value) (P < 0.01). The plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide level rose immediately after reperfusion in pigs with exclusion, while the level remained constant after inflow occlusion alone. There is a fundamental difference between the two ischaemia procedures: back-perfusion from the vena cava contributes to the maintenance of liver function during inflow occlusion.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Cloning and characterization of the human osteopontin gene and its promoter.

We isolated the human osteopontin (hOP) gene and the 5' upstream region, and analysed its exon-intron structure and potential regulatory sequences of the promoter region in comparison with those of the mouse and porcine gene. The coding sequence is split into 7 exons which are similar to those of the mouse gene, although the hOP gene is longer than the mouse gene. The difference in length is mainly due to variations in intron 3, which is approximately 2.7-fold longer than that of the mouse OP gene. The 5' upstream region of the hOP, which is highly conserved up to nucleotide -250, contains a number of potential cis regulatory consensus sequences. A series of sequentially 5'-deleted chimeric clones was tested for the ability to stimulate chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Initial CAT analysis demonstrated that nucleotides at positions -474 to -270, -124 to -80, and -55 to -39 contained cis-acting enhancing sequences in a human monocyte cell line, SCC-3, although the -124 to -80 region was much more active than other regions. Deletion of the sequences between -474 and -270 localized this cis region to the sequence at positions -439 to -410, whereas the deletion between -124 to -80 localized the regions to -124 to -115, and -94 to -80. Gel-shift analysis using as probes synthesized double-stranded DNA corresponding to the 10 and 15 bp region at positions -124 to -115 and -94 to -80 respectively revealed that each probe formed a major band complexed with nuclear proteins prepared from SCC-3 cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Detection of human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA and analysis of T cell receptor V beta CDR3 sequences in spinal cord lesions of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

Identification of the localization of human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to the understanding of the pathogenesis of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) pathogenesis. We have developed a sensitive detection method, called two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in situ hybridization, which enabled us to detect the HTLV-I proviral DNA in paraffin-embedded spinal cord tissue sections from HAM/TSP patients. HTLV-I proviral DNA was detected only in the nucleus of lymphocytes that had infiltrated into the spinal cord. However, no proviral DNA was amplified in any neuronal cells, including neurons and glial cells. This indicates that the demyelination of the spinal cord by HTLV-I as a result of viral infection of oligodendrocytes or neuronal cells is unlikely. The T cell receptor V beta gene sequence from lymphocytes in the spinal cord lesions taken from the same HAM/TSP autopsy cases revealed unique and restricted CDR3 motifs, CASSLXG(G) (one-letter amino acid. X is any amino acid), CASSPT(G), and CASSGRL which are similar to those described in T cells from brain lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in a rat T cell clone derived from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions. The present results suggest that T cells containing restricted V beta CDR3 motifs, which are also found in MS and EAE, become activated upon HTLV-I infection and infiltrate into the spinal cord lesions of HAM/TSP patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Upregulation of mouse CD14 expression in Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide.

Western blot analysis showed that a monoclonal antibody against recombinant mouse CD14 (mCD14), designated rmC5-3, specifically reacted with mouse macrophage cell line J774, but not myeloma cell line NS1. Fluorographic and immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated specific binding of rmC5-3 with mouse resident macrophages, inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, and macrophage cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining using rmC5-3 showed that CD14-positive Kupffer cells (KC) were small in number in the liver in nonstimulated mice. The number of stained KC, which were rich in the midzonal and periportal regions, gradually increased with time after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peaked 6 h after injection, and returned to normal by 20 h after injection. Staining intensity over time was proportional to the number of KC. A slight increase in mCD14 expression was observed in peritoneal macrophages 2 h after LPS administration in vivo using flow cytometric analysis. mCD14 mRNA became detectable at 1 h after the intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 micrograms/mice), and the level dramatically increased with time, peaking at 3 h, and sharply dropped at 6 h. The resident peritoneal macrophages demonstrated a constitutively high mCD14 mRNA expression, which slightly increased 2 h after LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation in vitro. The level of mCD14 expression in macrophages did not increase after intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 micrograms/mice).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Sequence heterogeneity of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the central nervous system of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

The nucleotide sequence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in central nervous system tissue was determined in 3 autopsy cases with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and 1 seropositive carrier without HAM/TSP but with multiple sclerosis. All HAM/TSP samples (3 spinal cords and 2 brains) and the sample from the seropositive carrier without HAM/TSP (brain) were positive for HTLV-I env (5146-6681), pX5' (6549-7494), and pX3' (7354-8276) regions by the two-step polymerase chain reaction method. A nucleotide sequence analysis of the pX5' and pX3' polymerase chain reaction products from nucleotides 6631 to 8259 revealed heterogeneity of the HTLV-I genome in all cases. It is notable that 13 of 50 clones derived from the pX3' polymerase chain reaction products were defective in the tax open reading frame while 7 were defective in the rex open reading frame in the HAM/TSP samples. All 17 clones from 1 HAM/TSP case were defective in the pX open reading frame II. One nucleotide insertion at 7784 creating a frame shift in both tax and rex was seen in all 3 HAM/TSP cases but not in the HTLV-I carrier without HAM/TSP. The pX-defective mutants found frequently in the central nervous system may contribute to the neural damage, since the pX gene products are essential for the transactivation of various cellular genes as well as for viral replication.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection in patients with malignant diseases: immunohistochemical study and review.

Trichosporon beigelii is a causative agent of opportunistic infection and summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan. However, as the diagnosis of Trichosporon beigelii infection is sometimes difficult, the actual incidence of this disease may be underestimated. Of 203 autopsy patients with malignant disease, seven (7.7%) were diagnosed with disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection by immunohistochemical investigation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Including these seven, a total of 43 patients with Trichosporon beigelii infection have been reported in Japan. The majority of them had underlying hematologic malignancies, for which they received cytotoxic chemotherapy resulting in neutropenia. This study indicates that the immunohistochemical method, which can be applied to biopsy specimens, is an excellent tool for specific diagnosis of Trichosporon beigelii infection, which is an emerging fatal mycosis in immunocompromised patients with profound neutropenia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Liver resections performed under prolonged portal triad occlusion in patients with active chronic liver diseases.

We analyzed the results of hepatic resections performed during the past 5 years on 27 patients with active chronic liver diseases. The patients included 5 with chronic active hepatitis and 22 with active liver cirrhosis, all of whom had a serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of more than 100 U/l on admission. Fourteen patients underwent hepatectomy by the conventional method (group 1), and 13 were treated by liver resection with portal triad occlusion (PTO) ranging from 32 to 75 min (group 2). The mean blood loss was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, being 630 versus 1,491 ml (P < 0.05). No serious complications developed in any of the group 2 patients, whereas liver failure occurred in three of the group 1 patients, two of whom died. The serum bilirubin levels were stabilized in group 2 from 14 days after surgery, whereas the values in group 1 remained elevated. These results indicate that prolonged hepatic inflow occlusion can be used during surgery in selected patients with active chronic liver diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mechanical detachable coil as a therapeutic alternative for cerebral aneurysm.

Endovascular treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms has been recognized as a useful alternative. Various types of intravascular materials embolizing aneurysms were classified into one of two groups. One was retrievable after the placement, whereas the other was irretrievable. The former which has involved detachable coils is preferred, because it can be repositioned repeatedly, while it forms the most effective arrangement. In this report, we present a compromised patient who was a 68 year-old female suffering angina pectoris and was treated with an interlocking detachable coil. Technical points are discussed here compared with Guglielmi's detachable coil.

Aged↗