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Biomedical subjects

S Ameratunga

Publications and source records attributed to S Ameratunga.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Shift work and work injury in the New Zealand Blood Donors' Health Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between work patterns and the occurrence of work injury. METHODS: A cross sectional analysis of the New Zealand Blood Donors Health Study conducted among the 15 687 (70%) participants who reported being in paid employment. After measurement of height and weight, a self-administered questionnaire collected information concerning occupation and work pattern, lifestyle behaviour, sleep, and the occurrence of an injury at work requiring treatment from a doctor during the past 12 months. RESULTS: Among paid employees providing information on work pattern, 3119 (21.2%) reported doing shift work (rotating with nights, rotating without nights, or permanent nights) and 1282 (8.7%) sustained a work injury. In unadjusted analysis, work injury was most strongly associated with employment in heavy manual occupations (3.6, 2.8 to 4.6) (relative risk, 95% CI), being male (1.9, 1.7 to 2.2), being obese (1.7, 1.5 to 2.0), working rotating shifts with nights (2.1, 1.7 to 2.5), and working more than three nights a week (1.9, 1.6 to 2.3). Snoring, apnoea or choking during sleep, sleep complaints, and excessive daytime sleepiness were also significantly associated with work injury. When mutually adjusting for all significant risk factors, rotating shift work, with or without nights, remained significantly associated with work injury (1.9, 1.5 to 2.4) and (1.8, 1.2 to 2.6), respectively. Working permanent night shifts was no longer significantly associated with work injury in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION: Work injury is highly associated with rotating shift work, even when accounting for increased exposure to high risk occupations, lifestyle factors, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2003

Fire-related child deaths: what do newspaper case reports tell us?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the accuracy and public health relevance of newspaper accounts of child deaths from fire-related incidents. METHODS: Domestic fire-related deaths of children aged under 15 years in Auckland, New Zealand, over a 10-year period were retrospectively identified from fire service records and the national minimum mortality dataset. Forensic pathology and fire service records were reviewed and this information was compared with reports published within 3 days of the index event in the region's sole daily newspaper. RESULTS: All 14 fatal fire-related events (19 deaths) identified using fire service records and the national minimum dataset during the study period were reported in the newspaper with a high degree of detail and accuracy. Only four news items informed readers of specific measures that could prevent such events. CONCLUSIONS: Daily newspapers can provide reliable, useful and timely surveillance data on the incidence of fire-related childhood deaths. However, these reports often represented missed opportunities to disseminate public health messages that raised awareness of sources of risk and means of preventing fire-related deaths.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2003

Vehicle year and the risk of car crash injury.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between vehicle age and risk of car crash injury. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from a population based case-control study conducted in the Auckland region in 1998/99 was used to examine the adjusted risk of car crash injury or death due to vehicle age, after controlling for a range of known confounders. Cases were all cars involved in crashes in which at least one occupant was hospitalized or killed anywhere in the Auckland region, and controls were randomly selected cars on Auckland roads. The drivers of the 571 case vehicles and 588 control vehicles completed a structured interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Hospitalisation or death of a vehicle occupant due to car crash injury. RESULTS: Vehicles constructed before 1984 had significantly greater chance of being involved in an injury crash than those constructed after 1994 (odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20 to 6.91), after adjustment for potential confounders. There was also a trend for increasing crash risk with each one year increase in vehicle age after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11; p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This study quantifies the increased risk of car crash injury associated with older vehicle year and confirms this as an important public health issue.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of driver sleepiness in a random population-based sample of car driving.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To obtain reliable estimates of the prevalence of driver sleepiness. DESIGN: A two-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain a sample of car drivers representative of time spent driving on public roads in a geographically defined region. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed in accordance with the sampling design. SETTING: The Auckland region of New Zealand, between April 1998 and July 1999. PARTICIPANTS: 588 drivers of cars and other light vehicles recruited at 69 roadside survey sites. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Of 746 eligible participants, 79% were interviewed, 12% refused, 8% were untraceable, and 1% were unable to give informed consent. From this sample we estimated that 58.7% of driving was undertaken by men. The vast majority of driving (90.8%) was undertaken by drivers with Epworth Sleepiness scores in the normal range (<10), but a significant minority was undertaken by drivers with one or more characteristics likely to impair alertness. 3.1% had < or = 5 hours sleep in the previous 24 hours, and 21.9% had < or = 4 full nights sleep in the previous week. The triad of symptoms associated with sleep apnea (snoring, choking, and breathing pauses while sleeping) was present in 1.6%; and 8.1% worked a pattern of shifts likely to interfere with normal sleep. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sleepiness amongst a random sample of New Zealand car driving was low, and less than suggested by previous studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Invasive pneumococcal disease in a pediatric population, Auckland, New Zealand.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major invasive pathogens in childhood. The increasing worldwide prevalence of penicillin-resistant strains makes management of invasive infections difficult and underscores the need for effective vaccines. Currently available vaccines are of limited value in the pediatric age group. Trials are taking place to evaluate conjugated pneumococcal vaccines and in view of this it is important to establish local epidemiology of pneumococcal disease. The aims of this population-based study were to review all of the cases of invasive pneumococcal disease occurring during a 9-year period (1984 to 1992) in Auckland, New Zealand. Through the use of laboratory records and hospital discharge codes, 413 isolates from 407 patients were found. Age-specific incidence for all invasive disease was 22.0/100,000 for children less than 15 years old but 56.0/100,000 for children less than 5 years old (chi 2 Yates corrected 18.20; P = 0.001). Two-thirds were less than 2 years old. The rates were higher in Maori and Pacific Island children than in Caucasian children. A total of 70 isolates from 68 patients with meningitis occurred. The majority were less than 5 years old (incidence of meningitis was 10.0/100,000) and 84% were less than 2 years old. The overall mortality from meningitis was 4.3%. Of the 129 isolates serogrouped or serotyped, 14, 6 and 19 accounted for 23%, 16% and 16%, respectively, of cases. Although 98% of serotypes identified would be covered by the currently available 23-valent vaccine, two-thirds of the children affected by these isolates would be unprotected because of poor immunogenicity of polysaccharide vaccines in children less than 2 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The regulation of IgG4. 1. An immunoassay to detect bee venom specific IgG4 subclass levels.

Serum IgG consists of 4 subclasses designated IgG1-4. IgG subclasses have differing structures and different functions. The levels of antigen specific immunoglobulin in each of the subclasses is difficult to quantitate accurately but may be of significant diagnostic and therapeutic value. IgG4 constitutes approximately 4% of total IgG level in the serum. We describe an immunoassay which is highly sensitive and specific for IgG4 directed against bee venom. The assay can be performed in a routine diagnostic laboratory enhancing its value as a clinical tool. It is potentially useful in identifying patients who fail to respond to standard immunotherapy with bee venom. This immunoassay format can also be adapted to other antigens.

Allergens↗