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Biomedical subjects

S Andrews

Publications and source records attributed to S Andrews.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Growth of a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.

Until recently, leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava was rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The authors describe a patient who was treated for 12 months on the basis of a presumptive diagnosis of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated interval growth, and venous biopsy revealed a malignant spindle-cell neoplasm. Surgical excision confirmed the presence of a leiomyosarcoma, which had grown slowly for at least several months before entering a phase of accelerated growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

A 23-yr-old woman presented in labour and hepatic failure. The clinical diagnosis was acute fatty liver of pregnancy. A Caesarean section was performed under epidural anaesthesia, after correction of a coagulopathy. Epidural anaesthesia was chosen because of the potential deleterious effects of general anaesthesia on liver blood flow and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of repeated testing on ERP components during auditory selective attention.

The present study examined long-term repetition effects on human auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were recorded from subjects performing the same multidimensional auditory selective attention task on six separate occasions spaced one week apart. The task required subjects to attend to tones that varied along the dimensions of location (L), pitch (P), and duration (D) and to detect prespecified target (L + P + D +) combinations of these attributes. Processing negativity (PN) between 100-400 ms did not change in amplitude or onset latency as a function of repeated experience with the task. In contrast, two measures of "very late" PN were reduced with practice. Specifically, the location effect measured over the 400-700-ms epoch was significant only for Weeks 1 and 2, and the separation of the L + P + D- ERP from other D- ERPs, measured over the 700-1000-ms epoch, was significantly reduced from Week 1 to Week 2. A late negative component (700-1000 ms) elicited by correctly identified targets increased between Weeks 1 and 2, consistent with subjects adopting the strategy of rehearsal of the target itself rather than the L + P + D- standard. P2 amplitude increased significantly for all standards, possibly due to decreased latency jitter in later weeks. N1 latency became significantly shorter over weeks, reflecting either increasing confidence in stimulus discrimination with repeated testing or the overlapping of an unchanging N1 with an increasing P2.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Effects of inter-item lag on word repetition: an event-related potential study.

Prior exposure to a word can greatly facilitate performance to subsequent presentations of that word. ERP studies have shown that this facilitation is associated with an attenuation of a negative peak normally occurring around 400 ms poststimulus. Recent studies have interpreted this repetition effect as reflecting either lexical access or episodic memory mechanisms. However, there is now increasing evidence that neither of the above mechanisms alone can fully account for repetition effects. The present experiment recorded ERPs to immediate and delayed word repetition during a lexical decision task in order to investigate the time-course of ERP repetition effects. Immediate repetition was found to produce greater response facilitation than delayed repetition. The ERP waveforms of both immediate and delayed word repetition diverged from that of initial word presentation at approximately 300 ms poststimulus. The waveforms for repeated words separated around 400 ms poststimulus with immediate repetition showing a more rapid resolution of negativity and earlier late positivity than delayed repetition. It is suggested that the negativity may reflect processes involved in the overall activation contributing to word recognition, whereas the late positivity may be related to the repetition of stimulus categorization and decision processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Acquired venous aneurysms.

A case is reported of acquired venous aneurysms in the superficial forearm veins of an oarsman. The aetiology, presentation and complications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Appearance of the hymen in newborns.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the genital anatomy of female newborns. Hymenal configuration and the number and location of clefts, bumps, tags, and ridges were observed in 468 neonates; photographs for confirmation were obtained for 449 neonates (96%). Hymenal configurations observed included an annular hymen with a central or ventrally displaced orifice in 80% (372/468) of neonates, a fimbriated hymen in 19% (90/468), and a septated or cribriform hymen in 1% (6/468). Configurations significantly differed by race (P less than .001) but no difference was noted by gestational age or weight. Clefts, which occurred only on the ventral 180 degrees of the rim, were observed in 34% of neonates with an annular hymen. Fifty-six percent of neonates had a longitudinal intravaginal ridge, 87% had an external hymenal ridge, and 13% had a tag extending from the rim or a ridge. Periurethral ligaments were frequently observed. It is concluded that lateral and ventral clefts, intravaginal and external ridges, and periurethral bands are normal anatomical findings in the newborn.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Factors affecting the follow-up rate of infants with a hemoglobinopathy trait in a newborn screening and follow-up program.

Multiple factors may contribute to a less than satisfactory follow-up rate of infants with a hemoglobinopathy trait in many newborn screening programs. We retrospectively reviewed the information in a follow-up service of a regional community program in southern Alabama for infants with trait (hemoglobin AS or AC). The follow-up service received the screening results of infants with trait and the mothers' addresses and telephone numbers by two routes: (A) the sickle cell center newborn screening coordinator, for infants born at the university hospital (group A), and (B) the state health department, for infants born in other hospitals in a nine-county region (group B). The follow-up service notified mothers by mail and offered counseling; when no response was received, telephone contact and outreach service followed. From January 1988 through December 1989, 505 infants with trait were referred to the counseling service. Of these infants, 211 were in group A and 294 in group B. The follow-up rate was 78% and 49% in groups A and B, respectively (P less than .001). The mean duration from birth to testing results received by the follow-up service was 27 days for group A and 131 days for group B (P less than .001). Of mothers in groups A and B, 92% and 47%, respectively, resided in the same county where the follow-up service was located (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Counseling↗
PubMed1989

Paired Papanicolaou smears in the evaluation of atypical squamous cells.

Between February 1985 and April 1988, 360 women were seen at Tripler Army Medical Center's cervical clinic as part of a prospective study to assess the value of paired Papanicolaou smears in the follow-up of atypical squamous cells in a cervical cytologic smear. The evaluation consisted of paired repeat Papanicolaou smears and colposcopy. Colposcopically directed biopsies and/or endocervical curettage were performed in 86% of the subjects. The results of the paired Papanicolaou smears were negative/negative in 202 patients (56%). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was diagnosed histopathologically in 16% of all patients and in 10% of those with negative/negative repeat smears. We conclude that the presence of atypical squamous cells in a Papanicolaou smear should be considered abnormal and that colposcopy and colposcopically directed biopsies should be performed for these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The significance of a negative Papanicolaou smear with hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis.

The significance of a cytologic diagnosis of hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis on a Papanicolaou smear reported as negative is unknown. We conducted a review of 170 women without uterine descensus who presented to Tripler Army Medical Center cervical clinic with a negative Papanicolaou smear but with hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis noted on the slide. All patients underwent colposcopy, and 64% had either cervical punch biopsy or endocervical curettage. Six women (3.5%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia documented histopathologically. We conclude that the cellular findings of hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis on a Papanicolaou smear are not associated with an increased histologic or colposcopic detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of psychiatric morbidity in a genito-urinary clinic. A validation of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD).

The prevalence of psychiatric disorder (by DSM-III criteria) in a population attending a genito-urinary clinic was found to be 31%. The performance of the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) scale as a screening questionnaire for psychiatric disorder was assessed. Case definition by a score of 8 or more on either of the anxiety or depressive subscales produced optimal results, giving sensitivities of 82% and 70%, and specificities of 94% and 68%, for depressive and anxiety disorders respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bacteriophages associated with multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australia.

Nineteen multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus from Australian hospitals were examined for lysogenic bacteriophage. Thirteen strains contained prophage inducible with mitomycin C. Three of these lysed completely on induction producing a phage referred to as type 1; this phage plated on S. aureus propagating strains 6, 53 and 77, which are hosts for phages of serogroup-lysogroup A III, B III and F III respectively. Type-1 phage did not plate on other propagating strains representative of the other serogroup-lysogroup combinations in the International Typing Set for S. aureus. Ten strains of S. aureus lysed incompletely when treated with mitomycin C, yielding phage type 2, that plated only on propagating strain 6. The virions of phage types 1 and 2 had isometric heads and flexible tails, and the genome consisted of c. 40 kilobases of double stranded DNA. The DNA from the two phage types was different, as shown by endonuclease digestion and by hybridisation to reference phage DNAs. The remaining six S. aureus strains contained no phage inducible with either mitomycin C or ultraviolet irradiation. However, all contained type 2 DNA, as shown by Southern blotting, present presumably in a defective prophage state. Moreover, the three strains yielding type-1 phage on induction also contained type-2 DNA. Thus, type-2 DNA was found in all 19 strains of multiresistant S. aureus from geographically diverse Australian hospitals.

Australia↗