PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Aono

Publications and source records attributed to S Aono.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Plasma fructosamine assay in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Plasma concentrations of fructosamine, an indicator of glycated plasma proteins, were measured in non-diabetic children and children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) to see if they also correlate with glycemic control in children as well as in adults. Non-diabetic children aged less than 4 yr had significantly lower plasma fructosamine than non-diabetic children aged 4 or more. Total plasma protein in these children was slightly lower or close to that of older children. There was no difference in fructosamine between non-diabetic children aged 4 or more and healthy adult subjects. Plasma fructosamine in children with IDDM was twofold that of age-matched controls. In children with IDDM, correlations between fructosamine and HbAI (r = 0.799) or HbAIc (r = 0.841) were high. The measurement of plasma fructosamine, which is practical in children because of the small sample volume needed and no influence of HbF, is useful in the management of children with IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A simple method for preparation of molecular weight marker proteins for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by photopolymerizations of hemoglobin subunits.

Photoirradiation of globin, obtained from human hemoglobin, in the presence of oxygen and protoporphyrin produced a series of polymers of globin subunits ranging from dimer to dodecamer. These polymers are useful as molecular weight markers because they cover a relatively wide range of molecular weights (Mr 15,500-186,000) with a constant and narrow interval of Mr 15,500.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1988

Cyclic nucleotides and the activity of glia maturation factor in the hypoplastic cerebellum of developing jaundiced Gunn rats.

Developmental changes of cyclic nucleotides were studied in the hypoplastic cerebellum of jaundiced Gunn rats over the period of postnatal days 8 to 30. The mitogenic activity of glia maturation factor was also measured at day 15. In jaundiced homozygotes (jj), the amount of cyclic GMP on a protein basis was not significantly different from that in control heterozygotes (j+) at either day 8 or 15, but at day 30 it was reduced to about 19% of the control. On the other hand, a lowered nucleotide level on a wet weight basis in jj rats was already statistically significant at day 15. In contrast to cyclic GMP, the rates of increase of cyclic AMP on a wet weight basis were almost the same in the two groups of rats, but the nucleotide levels on a protein basis at days 15 and 30 were a little, but significantly, higher in jj rats than in j+ rats. The activity of glia maturation factor in jj rats was found to be 1.5-3 times as high as that in j+ rats. Possible implications of the present results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparative study of glial marker proteins in the hypoplastic cerebellum of jaundiced Gunn rats.

The behavior of marker proteins of glial cells [alpha-enolase, beta-S100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)] was investigated quantitatively by using enzyme immunoassay systems during the development of cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced Gunn rats. A neuronal marker protein, gamma-enolase, was also measured as a reference. At postnatal day 8 corresponding to the early stage of cerebellar damage, the amount of beta-S100 on a protein basis was significantly higher in jaundiced homozygotes (jj) than in control nonjaundiced heterozygotes (j+), whereas no differences in alpha- and gamma-enolases and GFAP were observed between the two groups of rats. At days 15 and 30, which correspond, respectively, to the advanced and late stages of cerebellar damage, the three glial proteins, especially GFAP, were higher and the neuronal protein was lower in the jj rat cerebellum than in the control. These results are consistent with the reported histological observations that neuronal cells are vulnerable and damaged by bilirubin, whereas glial cells seem to be less sensitive. On the other hand, the amounts of beta-S100 and alpha-enolase per cerebellum were significantly lower in jj rats at days 15 and 30, as in the case of gamma-enolase, whereas that of GFAP remained at the same level as the control at day 15 and showed a slight but significant decrease at day 30. The possibility is suggested that beta-S100 and GFAP may be available as biochemical indicators of glial cells, especially in the early and advanced stages of cerebellar damage, respectively, but that alpha-enolase is less available.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Management of short bowel syndrome in infants--experience of adjunctive surgical therapy in three cases].

During the past nine years period, we managed 7 cases with short bowel syndrome resulting from massive intestinal resection in the neonatal period. Six children, aged 2 to 8 years are alive, and one died from cardiomyopathy caused by selenium deficiency at the age of one year. The carbohydrate-free milk was used for initial enteral nutrition, and the result was encouraging in 4 cases. In 3 cases in which residual small bowel varied between 6.5 to 18 cm, the enteral feeding was not incapable. These cases underwent adjunctive surgical therapy. Tailoring jejunoplasty was performed in the first case, and bowel lengthening in the second case. In both cases enteral nutrition was advanced postoperatively. The third patient who had rapid intestinal transit time underwent isoperistaltic colon interposition. Intestinal transit time was increased and enteral nutrition was advanced gradually.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Interaction of bilirubin with human erythrocyte membranes. Bilirubin binding to neuraminidase- and phospholipase-treated membranes.

Saturable bilirubin binding to human erythrocyte membranes was measured before and after digestion with neuraminidase and phospholipases. Neuraminidase-treated erythrocyte membranes did not show any change in their binding properties, indicating that gangliosides could be excluded as candidates for saturable bilirubin-binding sites on erythrocyte membranes. Although bilirubin-binding properties of the membranes did not change after phospholipase D digestion, either, phospholipase C treatment greatly enhanced bilirubin binding. Thus it is suggested that a negatively charged phosphoric acid moiety of phospholipids on the membrane surface may play a role to prevent a large amount of bilirubin from binding to the membranes. Further saturable bilirubin binding to inside-out sealed erythrocyte membrane vesicles showed values comparable with those of the right-side-out sealed membranes, suggesting that the bilirubin-binding sites may be distributed on both outer and inner surfaces of the membranes, or may exist in the membranes where bilirubin may be accessible from either side.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1987

High-molecular-weight cadmium-binding proteins in rat liver cytosol: isolation and partial characterization of an approximately 50-kDa protein.

The time-dependent changes in the chromatographic pattern of subcutaneously injected cadmium associated with non-metallothionein cadmium-binding proteins were studied in the rat liver cytosol. Prior to the induction of cadmium-thionein (less than 3 h), cadmium appeared in three major peaks (P-1 with the void volume, P-2 and P-3) on Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Accompanied with the emergence of apo-metallothionein (about 3 h after administration), the amount of P-3 decreased and instead a cadmium-thionein peak (P-4) increased. Ion-exchange chromatography of P-3 with a combination of CM and DEAE Bio-Gel columns showed the existence of three major cadmium-binding proteins with molecular sizes of 46 kDa (in the CM Bio-Gel column eluate), 50 kDa (in the DEAE Bio-Gel column eluate), and 41 kDa (in the non-adsorbed fraction). The cadmium-binding protein in the CM Bio-Gel column eluate was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified protein (CM-CdP) was 47 or 53 kDa in molecular size as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel filtration chromatography, respectively. The apparent dissociation constant and maximum binding for cadmium were about 1 microM and 1 mol of the metal/mol of protein, respectively. The isoelectric point was estimated to be 8.8. The amino acid composition showed that the protein was relatively rich in glutamyl (including its amide) and alanyl residues. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as Ala-Pro-Ile-Ala-Gly-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Gly-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gly-. In-vitro experiments revealed that cadmium bound to CM-CdP could be easily transferred to apo-metallothionein, confirming that the affinity for the metal of the former protein was lower than that of the latter.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Different behaviors among lysosomal enzymes in the cerebellum of jaundiced Gunn rats with cerebellar hypoplasia.

Activities of six lysosomal enzymes in the cerebellum of jaundiced homozygous (jj) Gunn rats were examined from 5 to 20 days of life and compared with those in heterozygotes (j+). Significantly higher enzyme activities were first detected at 8 days. The jj/j+ activity ratios of all enzymes peaked at 15 days. The ratios of beta-glycerophosphatase, beta-mannosidase, and acid lipase were only 1.3-1.7, whereas those of arylsulfatase and cathepsin were 2.0 and 3.1, respectively. The most striking increase in activity was observed with beta-glucuronidase, the ratio of which was 8.4. These results indicate a selective increase in activities of certain lysosomal enzymes in the hypoplastic cerebellum of jj rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Mechanism of the inhibition of cholesterol absorption by DL-melinamide: inhibition of cholesterol esterification.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of DL-melinamide [DL-MA, N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide], an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, the effect of DL-MA on esterification of cholesterol in the mucosa of rabbit small intestine was studied. DL-MA inhibited acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) activity in the mucosal microsomes, with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 0.5 microM. On the other hand, DL-MA had no effect on the cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) activity in the mucosal cytosol. Kinetic studies indicate that DL-MA is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ACAT. D-MA, one of the two optical isomers of DL-MA, was found to be a more effective inhibitor of ACAT than L-MA, another isomer. This finding indicates that the inhibition of cholesterol absorption by DL-MA depends on the inhibition of ACAT by this compound, in view of the fact that D-MA is a more effective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption than L-MA.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1985

Improved separation at low temperature of glycoproteins by Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).

The Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography of glycoproteins was even more effective at 4 degrees C than that at room temperature (26-28 degrees C) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Application of this methodology to the separation of several glycoproteins from SDS-solubilized membrane proteins in rat cerebellum, including a glycoprotein characteristic of the Purkinje cells, was successful.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between hypoglycemic symptoms and blood glucose levels due to self-monitoring in summer camp for diabetic children in Japan.

In a summer camp for 47 diabetic children in Kinki district, Japan, in 1984, the relationship between hypoglycemic symptoms and blood glucose levels by self-monitoring was analyzed. During the 7-day camp, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was carried out 599 times in total, 12.7 times per camper. SMBG due to hypoglycemic complaints amounted to 371. 154 measurements out of 371 indicated blood glucose levels under 80 mg/dl, but 78 monitorings were found to be over 200 mg/dl. Fatigue or weakness were the most frequent hypoglycemic symptoms, as was hunger sensation, each reaching approximately 40% in frequency. In most complaints of tremor, the blood glucose level was critically low. Prompt measurement of blood glucose is indeed necessary to properly treat diabetic children with 'hypoglycemic' symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Studies on a cerebellar 50,000-dalton protein associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced Gunn rats: its identity with glial fibrillary acidic protein as evidenced by the improved immunoblotting method.

On the basis of our previous findings that a 50,000-dalton protein (GR-50) shows a marked increase in the hypoplastic cerebellum of jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats and its electrophoretic behavior is similar to that of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), we tried to identify GR-50 as GFAP by two-dimensional electrophoresis of rat cerebellar membrane proteins using an improved immunoblotting method. In this method a blot immunostained for a specific antigen was also visualized for other proteins, thereby enabling us to determine the location of the antigen on the blot more precisely. With the methodology it was found that GFAP antigen occupied exactly the same position as GR-50 on the blot, suggesting strongly the identity of both proteins. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that in the cerebellum of homozygotes compared with that of heterozygotes GFAP antigen was greatly increased and that it was especially rich in the homozygous rat cerebellar lobules with a high degree of hypoplasia. Further, it was shown that not only the fibers of the Bergmann glial cells but also their somata were intensely immunostained in the affected lobules. A 47,000-dalton protein (SG-47), which has been reported to be increased in staggerer mutant mice with cerebellar hypoplasia, also immunoreacted with the antiserum to GFAP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Two proteins associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced Gunn rats.

Two cerebellar proteins with apparent molecular weights of 250,000 (GR-250) and 50,000 (GR-50) are closely associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats. These proteins, found in Gunn rat cerebellum (4-60 days of age) and cerebrum as well as staggerer mouse cerebellum, were studied with electrophoretic techniques. After 8 days of life, GR-250 decreased and GR-50 increased in the homozygous Gunn rat cerebellum. The pI's of GR-250 and GR-50 were 4.7-5.8 and 4.6-4.9, respectively, and the former protein was shown to bind to Concanavalin A. A comparative study between cerebella of Gunn rats and staggerer mice revealed that GR-250 and P400, a protein generally thought to be characteristic of the Purkinje cells, were identical. Evidence was also obtained showing that GR-250 was present in the Gunn rat cerebrum. GR-50 was not detectable in the staggerer mouse cerebellum but instead, a protein (MW 47,000) was found to be increased in the mutant mouse cerebellum.

Aging↗