Biomedical subjects

S Apostol

Publications and source records attributed to S Apostol.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of prostaglandin compounds in treating glaucoma].

The theoretical part of this paper presents the mechanism of the IOP lowering effect using these drugs, the indications of treatment and the main side effects. The second part consist of the experimental study made on rabbits, using the izopropilic ester of (+)Cloprostenol as an hypotensive agent. We have registered the IOP values and the main side effect--conjunctival hyperemia. The third part consist of the clinical study, made on a test lot of 23 patients. We have used the same substance and in the experimental study, as a unique treatment or in association with a beta-blocker or a pilocarpine derivative. The following-up has implied: the IOP, the ophthalmoscopic appearance of the optic disc, the visual field, the visual acuity and the main side effects. In the end, we have formulated the conclusions of these studies.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The immunology of the corneal graft].

In the corneal grafting, the immunological reaction is often existent and although it is mitigated, it still represents a major cause in the keratoplasty's failure. The immunologic privilege of the cornea it's because of the features of the grafting on one hand and because of the features of the receiving cornea, on the other hand, its essential feature being the absence of blood and lymphatic vessels. It might be difficult to distinguish between an allografting reaction and another cause of failure of the keratoplasty. More clinical elements are still reminiscent for an immunological rejection. The incompatibility HLA is theoretically, the main condition of the allografting reaction. But, for several reasons, the typing of HLA isn't done in the majority of keratoplasties. Some preoperative treatments of the grafting tissues reduce the immunological reaction. In order to prevent the rejection, the corticotherapy is widely used today. The A cyclosporine, a new immunomodulator, seems to be a very interesting progress in the therapeutical means.

Cornea↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of antimetabolites in glaucoma surgery].

The authors present, in the context of actual management of glaucoma, the role of antimetabolites in addition to glaucoma filtering surgery. The main reason of failure in filtration surgery is the excessive postoperative scarring response at the contact episclera-subconjunctiva. The antimetabolites inhibit the fibroblastic growth, therefore providing a great number of adequate filtering blebs. Indications, surgical techniques, complications and risks are also discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Color vision in diabetics].

Color perception is often already altered even if the ocular, anatomic and functional exams maintain their results within the normal limits. This fact is more important in diabetes, where chromatic abnormalities exist at half of the subjects, even if they do not reveal any signs of diabetic retinopathy. The authors present some of the methods in clinical exam of color perception, the characters of dyschromatopsia and glycemic self control using the method of coloured bandelets, types of dyschromatopsia which may appear during the evolution of the diabetes, and also the predictive effect of dyschromatopsia for the appearance of diabetic retinopathy.

Color Perception↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The corneal epithelial barrier].

The corneal epithelium is an stratificated pavimentous epithelium. The epithelial cells are grouped in 3 levels: superficial cells, intermediate cells, basal cells. The superficial cells are solidarised by there type of junctional complexes: desmosomes, impermeable junctions, and communicating junctions. Because the corneoconjunctival surface is colonised by microorganisms and every minimal lesions can favorise an infection, the epithelial integrity plays a protective role. The corneal epithelium constitute the main way of intraocular penetration of topical drugs. There are two ways of drugs penetration through corneal epithelium: intracell and pericell way. The penetration speed was influenced by ocular factors (epithelial lesions) and drugs features (solubility, molecular mass, molecular structure, pH, pK, concentration, contact time).

Cell Membrane Permeability↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrine exophthalmos].

The basedowian exophthalmy is a self-immune originating affection, in which the antigen remains still unknown. It may appear besides the Basedow disease, evoluating in a total independent manner. The clinical diagnosis is done on the basis of small ocular characteristic signs: exopthalmy, oculomotor deficit, optical neuropathy, corneo-conjunctival alterations, being of course supplemented with the complementary endocrinological and immunological explorations. The endocrine exophthalmy represents a serious complication because of the visual risks it implies, and afterwards because of the implied esthetical prejudice. A spontaneous amelioration is possible, but the treatment often proves to be necessary. It will be medical, local and general, and also orbitar radiotherapy and surgical treatment.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Biometry in cataract surgery with an implant].

In cataract surgery, the replacement of the opaque lens with an artificial lens is the ideal correction. For the present, the intraocular lens power determination is an essential part of the preoperative evaluation of an eye. The paper presents a short history about the development of implant power calculation, the main formulas used in present, the precise choice of postoperative refraction, the factors affecting accuracy of implant power calculation and some preoperative considerations (patients considerations, intraocular lens characteristics considerations). The final part contains some conclusions about the methods of implant power calculation.

Biometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Marginal ectasia of the cornea resolved surgically].

The paper presents the case of a patient with Terrien's marginal degeneration. The moment of the exam, the corneal degeneration was in an advanced stage, being associated with secondary ectasia. The gutter developed as a results of the stromal progressive thinning was already circumferential. The only efficient treatment in this situation is an annular lamellar keratoplasty. We present the mais operatory moments, and also the main intra- and postoperatory incidents and complications. In spite of the fact that this operative procedure was already mentioned in literature, there are no certain proves; so, we are able to consider the achievement of the annular lamellar keratoplasty unique for this moment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonic biomicroscopy in the diagnosis of glaucoma].

For the beginning, the authors present a definition of the ultrasound biomicroscopy, together with the main fields of use, instrumentation and examination techniques. The second part of the paper analyses the contribution of the ultrasound biomicroscopy to the diagnosis of the open angle glaucoma and of the angle closure glaucoma. The final part contains some considerations referring to the main ocular diseases in which this technique is already used frequently and the perspectives for the future development of ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Glaucoma, Angle-Closure↗