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S Araya

Publications and source records attributed to S Araya.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in a sample of schizophrenic outpatients.

Our objective was to study gender differences in schizophrenia, comparing clinical, social, and illness course characteristics. A sample of 239 schizophrenic (DSM-IV criteria) outpatients were administered the following instruments: service use and demographic questionnaires, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Disability Assessment Scale (DAS), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. The female to male ratio was 1/2. Men had an earlier age at onset. Women were more likely to be married and to live independently, and there were more unemployed men. Social functioning was slightly better in women (lower DAS scoring). No differences were found in symptomatological variables (global or separate PANSS scales), nor in type of schizophrenia. Course of illness in the past year appeared to be similar, except for longer hospital stays in men. We conclude that schizophrenic women had a significantly better social functioning, despite the lack of remarkable symptomatic differences between genders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasmid DNA satellite bands seen in lysates of Streptococcus mutans that form insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.

A satellite band of plasmid DNA was seen in cell lysates prepared from two strains of S mutans using buoyant-density equilibrium centrifugation. Mutants, defective in their ability to synthesize insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, showed no detectable satellite DNA band when prepared by the same procedure. These mutants were induced by treatment with EB, acridine orange, or SDS, which are known to be effective agents for the elimination of extrachromosomal genetic inheritance. The derived mutants produced more soluble polysaccharides from sucrose than their parent strains. The decreased ability to synthesize insoluble polysaccharides was related to both glucan and fructan formation. These findings suggest that the plasmid DNA of the S mutans strains genetically controls formation or activity of the enzymes responsible for synthesis of extracellular insoluble glucan or fructan.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gender differences in schizophrenia. A literature review].

Gender differences in schizophrenia have been the subject of extensive research in the last two decades. The study of these differences can help us improve the understanding of schizophrenia as well as find new treatment options. Recent studies have challenged the classical view that incidence and prevalence rates of schizophrenia are similar in men and in women. As regards disorder onset, most studies agree that it is earlier in men. Also, most studies suggest that women have a better premorbid functioning and, especially in short-term follow-up studies, a more benign course. Data on clinical characteristics are often conflicting, but most studies point to a greater severity of negative symptoms in men. Research on treatment response, both pharmacological and psychosocial, indicates as well differences between men and women. Results of neuropsychological studies are very conflicting. By contrast, brain imaging studies suggest gender differences in morphologic and in functional images. As regards family studies, most of them agree that schizophrenic women are more likely than men to have family history of the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Symptomatology and gender in schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the possible symptomatological gender differences in a sample of schizophrenic outpatients. METHOD: A sample of 239 schizophrenic patients (DSM-IV criteria) was administered a demographic questionnaire and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS symptoms were grouped in accordance with Kay's five factors model. RESULTS: The ratio women/men was 1/2. Women had a later age at onset. Women were more likely to be married and to live independently, as well to be occupationally active. Both groups were similar in subtype of schizophrenia. No differences were found in PANSS' results; in global or grouped scores. CONCLUSION: No symptomatological differences were found between women and men with schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the needs of patients with schizophrenia by gender].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gender differences in the needs of the people with schizophrenia who live in the community. METHOD: We randomly selected 231 patients with schizophrenia who were receiving treatment in one of the five mental health care centres that participated in the study. Patients were evaluated with a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) questionnaire. The CAN evaluate 22 needs, that we could be grouped into five subscales: service needs, basic needs, functioning need, health needs and social needs. All needs were evaluated by the professional and the user independently. RESULTS: Professionals detected more needs in men than in women, but users did not report such difference. Both professionals and users detected more service needs for women (p< 0.005) and more basic needs for men (p< 0,01-0.005). Only professionals detected more functioning needs in men (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Professionals detect more needs than users and detect more needs for men than for women. Women have less needs in food, personal care, home care, and daily activities. These gender differences should be taken into account when designing treatment programs for schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗