Presentation of the Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Award to Alberta Szalita, M.D.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Arieti.
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After having differentiated phobias from pseudophobias, the author describes the three stages in the psychodynamics of this psychoneurotic condition. A case is reported in detail and interpretations offered. The new hypothesis is advanced that the unconscious motivation and the defenses go beyond the individual protection of the patient. Psychotherapy is discussed.
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Even severely depressed patients respond to psychotherapy. A knowledge of the psychodynamic patterns of the life of depressed patients is required for effective therapy. The psychodynamics and main psychotherapeutic procedures for the treatment of two common types of severe depression are described.
The author discusses his clinical experiences in treating severly depressed patients with psychotherapy. The psychotically depressed person cannot use normal mechanisms to recuperate from sadness because he is prevented from doing so by a preexisting life ideology that may include living for a dominant other or a dominant goal and that restricts his vision of alternative approaches to living. The therapist treating the severely depressed must initially assume a strong role; later, he helps the patient recognize depressive cognitive patterns and guides and motivates him to try other ways of living.
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Although determinism may permeate human existence, man's moral values raise him above the level of an animal and enable him to direct his own life. The author suggests that psychiatrists should influence the patient to exert his will, make conscious choices, and, above all, assume a sense of responsibility for his own actions. In order to free the patient from whatever conditions hinder his will and to help him make choices, psychiatric treatment must consider man's ethical dimension.
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