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Biomedical subjects

S Ashida

Publications and source records attributed to S Ashida.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A proton-pump inhibitor, rabeprazole, improves ventilatory function in patients with asthma associated with gastroesophageal reflux.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) with proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) improves symptoms of asthma in some patients. However, the effects of a PPI on ventilatory function are still controversial. In this study, we measured ventilatory function in asthma patients treated with a PPI in order to identify those in whom a therapeutic effect on asthma can be expected from the acid suppression. METHODS: From a cohort of 114 consecutive patients with bronchial asthma, 53 patients agreed to participate in the study and were treated with rabeprazole 20mg daily for 8 weeks during an asymptomatic, stable period with no exacerbations of their asthma. Of the 53 patients, 22 were diagnosed as GER on the basis of the QUEST questionnaire and endoscopic examination. The patients were monitored for improvement in ventilatory function. RESULTS: Four patients dropped out because of adverse drug reactions. All the patients with GER noted an improvement in reflux symptoms with PPI treatment. An improvement of more than 20% in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was observed in 8 of 21 GER patients but in none of the non-GER patients. Factors predictive of improvement in PEF with rabeprazole therapy were the QUEST score (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.06-2.04, P = 0.022) and steroid-dependency of asthma (odds ratio: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001-0.31, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with rabeprazole is expected to ameliorate asthma in non-steroid-dependent patients who have symptomatic GER defined by the QUEST score.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2001

Paxillin: application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma.

Paxillin is a cytoskeletal protein that was recently identified as a component of focal adhesions and links between F-actin and integrin. In this study, 91 renal tumors--65 conventional renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 14 papillary RCCs, 6 chromophobe RCCs, 4 collecting duct carcinomas, 2 oncocytomas--were investigated for the immunohistochemical expression of paxillin. In a normal kidney, paxillin was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of distal tubules, loops of Henle, collecting ducts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In all of the chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas, strong expression of paxillin was observed in the tumor cytoplasm. In contrast to these tumors, conventional RCCs, papillary RCCs, and collecting duct carcinomas showed negative reactions for paxillin except for one case in each subgroup with weak reactivity. An immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of paxillin in healthy kidney, chromophobe RCC, and oncocytoma. These data suggest that paxillin possibly plays a role in signal transductions as a focal adhesion intervening between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix in renal tumors with collecting duct phenotypes such as chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas, but not in conventional RCCs. In addition, paxillin may be an available marker in distinguishing chromophobe RCCs from conventional or papillary RCCs.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic↗
PubMed2001

[Enucleation of renal tumor using microwave tissue coagulator: a case report].

A 69-year-old man was referred to our department for a cystic tumor, 4.0 cm in diameter, in the lower portion of the right kidney, which was detected by computed tomography. The patient had been admitted to the department of surgery in our hospital for treatment of ileus caused by transverse colon cancer. With a diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma. T2N0M0, in situ non-ischemic tumor enucleation was performed using a microwave tissue coagulator (Microtaze, Heiwa Electronics Industry Inc., Tokyo). The enucleation was accompanied by a defect of the renal pelvis, but it was easily repaired. The operation time was 120 minutes and blood loss was 110 cc. The histological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, pT2N0M0V1, expansive, alveolar type, clear cell subtype, G1 > G2. Diagnostic imaging done postoperatively showed no sign of damage to renal function. At the present time, the patient has been disease-free with interferon-alpha for 12 months and is being followed on an outpatient basis. In this report, the advantages of nephron-sparing surgery, especially in situ non-ischemic tumor enucleation using a microwave tissue coagulator for renal tumor are discussed. In particular, the technique of performing tumor enucleation with repair of the defect of renal pelvis used in this case may extend the indication of nephron-sparing surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Vinculin: its possible use as a marker of normal collecting ducts and renal neoplasms with collecting duct system phenotype.

Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with membrane actin-filament-attachment sites of cell-cell and cell-matrix adherens-type junctions. In this article, we examine the expression of vinculin to elucidate its role in human renal neoplasms. We reviewed surgically resected specimens and selected available tissue from 79 renal tumors in 78 patients. There were 55 men and 23 women. Their mean age was 61 years and the mean size of the renal tumors was 6.1 cm. All renal tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against vinculin. Overall, 17 (21.5%) renal tumor samples reacted with vinculin. The positive ratio in various types of renal tumors was as follows: conventional-type (clear cell), 0/54; papillary-type, 5/12; chromophobe-type, 5/5; sarcomatoid-type, 3/4; collecting duct carcinoma, 3/3; and oncocytoma, 1/1. The positive rate of conventional-type renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) is significantly different from that of other renal tumors (P < .01). Normal kidney, conventional, and papillary-type RCCs exhibited positive signals in Western blot analysis. These results suggest that vinculin may serve as a useful marker of renal neoplasms with collecting duct system phenotype such as chromophobe-type RCC.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

The effect of reminiscence music therapy sessions on changes in depressive symptoms in elderly persons with dementia.

This study examined the effectiveness of reminiscence focused music therapy treatment on depressive symptoms in elderly people with dementia. Twenty elderly (3 male & 17 female) who were diagnosed as having dementia and residing at 2 different residential care facilities in Florida were assigned to 1 of 4 small groups. Each of the participants served as his or her own control in an O1 O2 X O3 design. The depressive symptoms were measured using Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. The differences between the scores of pretest, posttest 1 after a week of 5-day no treatment, and posttest 2 after a week of 5-day reminiscence focused music therapy treatment were compared. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Procedure indicated statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest 2 as well as posttest 1 and posttest 2, while no significant differences were found between pretest and posttest 1. Results indicated that participation in small group reminiscence focused music therapy groups might help to reduce depressive symptoms in elderly people with dementia. Results of behavioral observations and future implications are also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Germ-line mutation analysis in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease in Japan: an extended study of 77 families.

We have previously reported on the analysis of germ-line mutations in Japanese von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) patients and found mutations in 26 families. We have now extended these studies to include an additional 41 VHL families. Germ-line mutation of the VHL gene was screened by DNA-SSCP, direct sequencing, and Southern blot analysis. To summarize all of the data we have studied in this and our previous report, germ-line mutations have been detected in 55 of 77 (73%) (type 1: 41/62 (66%) and type 2: 14/15 (93%)) families. We found similarities in the nature of germ-line mutations including mutational incidence, location, and DNA substitution patterns between Japanese and Western VHL. These similarities may reflect the predominance of endogenous mutational processes. We also found several interesting characteristics in Japanese VHL. Twenty of 41 (49%) intragenic mutations were unique and not reported in the Western VHL. Four mutations (Arg113Stop, Gln132Stop, Leu158Val, and Cys162Tyr) previously characterized as type 1 mutations were identified in the type 2 (with pheochromocytoma) Japanese families. Genotype-phenotype correlation study suggested non-missense mutations predicted to result in the loss of VHL function were associated with the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma, as in sporadic tumors. Our data add to the diversity of VHL germ-line mutations and provide a better understanding of VHL disease in terms of both clinical management and molecular pathogenesis.

Genotype↗
PubMed2000

[Von Hippel-Lindau disease].

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a multitumor syndrome characterized by CNS hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma. The VHL disease gene is a putative tumor suppressor gene responsible for VHL disease. VHL disease without pheochromocytoma (pheo) and those with pheo are classified as type 1 or type 2, respectively. Germline missense mutations are clustered in 4 regions in the VHL gene. The VHL protein is now regarded as a one of the key protein for ubiquitination and further degradation of certain transcription factors such as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Since almost of germline mutations are detectable, presymptomatic diagnosis of the VHL disease with DNA analyses is important to improve the prognosis of VHL disease.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2000

Detection of circulating cancer cells with von hippel-lindau gene mutation in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene have been detected in up to 60% of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas (RCCs). Even patients with RCCs believed to be curable with radical nephrectomy sometimes develop distant metastasis 5-10 years after surgery, suggesting hematogenous circulation of cancer cells. Useful tumor markers have not yet been established for RCC. To detect patients at high risk of metastasis after surgery, we developed a highly sensitive and specific nested reverse transcription-PCR method using VHL gene mutation to detect circulating cancer cells. We screened 29 sporadic clear cell RCCs from patients for mutations of the VHL gene by direct sequencing. We next examined blood samples from patients with the VHL gene mutation using mutation-specific nested reverse transcription-PCR. Somatic mutations were detected in 20 of 29 (69.0%) sporadic clear cell RCCs. The VHL gene mutations were detected in peripheral and/or renal venous blood from 15 of 20 (75%) patients. The mutations were detected in the peripheral blood in 2 of 17 (11.8%) patients before surgery, 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients within 24 h after surgery, 3 of 16 (18.8%) patients on day 7 after surgery, and 2 of 11 (18.2%) patients on day 30 after surgery. In seven of nine (77.8%) patients, mutations were detected in renal venous blood during surgery. These findings indicate the presence of circulating cancer cells with VHL gene mutation. Although much larger studies are needed to determine the clinical significance, our study shows that this technique is feasible for detecting circulating RCC cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder in a chronic hemodialysis patient.

BACKGROUND: Nephrogenic adenoma is an uncommon, benign metaplastic lesion occurring in the urothelium, usually as a response to chronic irritation or trauma. It is rarely encountered in hemodialysis patients. Endoscopically, these lesions can easily be mistaken for malignant tumors. METHODS/RESULTS: We report on a case of nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder in a chronic hemodialysis patient that was large and mistakenly diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma in the initial biopsy. Histopathological examination of the total cystectomy specimen demonstrated the correct diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness by urologists and pathologists of nephrogenic adenoma may lead to its more accurate diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

[Long-term clinical outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy for staghorn calculi].

We treated 97 patients with staghorn calculi by ESWL monotherapy using a Lithostar Lithotriptor (Siemens) between January 1989 and December 1996. Seventeen patients (18 renal units) out of 45 patients (47 renal units) who could be followed up for more than 12 months after ESWL had no stones on radiographs at 3 months after the treatment. The actuarial non-recurrence (or stone-free) rate was 88.9% at 1 year, 79.0% at 3 years, and 63.2% at 5 years after ESWL (Kaplan-Meier method). The actuarial non-regrowth rate (regrowth < 1 mm) was 96.6% at 1 year, 72.8% at 3 years, and 63.7% at 5 years (Kaplan-Meier method). History of urinary stones was a significant risk factor for stone recurrence, while patient sex, affected side, stone number, pyuria (> or = 10/HPF), hydronephrosis on DIP, and staghorn type were not significantly associated with stone recurrence or regrowth (Cox proportional hazard model). Late complications associated with ESWL included renal dysfunction (serum Cr > or = 1.1 mg/dl) in 2 patients, hypertension (> or = 160 mmHg) in 3, and renal atrophy (two-dimensional size < or = 80%) in 5. ESWL exerted adverse effects in a session-dependent manner on the kidney resulting in renal atrophy. Therefore, we highly recommend that ESWL should be limited to less than 10 sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy-induced renal laceration.

After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), perinephric hematomas, while uncommon, are a serious complication involving the risk of blood transfusion and subsequent impairment of renal function. We report a rare case of ESWL-induced renal laceration in which an expanding retroperitoneal hematoma required blood transfusion but was treated successfully without surgical intervention.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1997

[A case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral multiple adrenal adenomas].

We report a case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal adenomas. A 45-year-old woman was found to have Cushing's syndrome during the course of treatment for diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was based on the absence of a diurnal rhythm in plasma cortisol and failure to suppress plasma cortisol by 1 or 4 mg of dexamethasone. The plasma level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was below the normal range, and plasma cortisol responded normally to rapid ACTH injection. Abdominal computed tomography revealed bilateral adrenal tumors. Bilateral uptake of radiocholesterol by the adrenal cortex was observed in adrenal scintigraphy. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. Microscopic examination and analysis of steroid contents by high performance liquid chromatography showed that the tumor was cortisol-producting adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[A case of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma].

We report a case of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. A 59-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with asymptomatic gross hematuria. Abdominal computerized tomography showed an approximately 4 cm. minimally enhancing mass in the left kidney. Angiography revealed a hypovascular tumor in the left kidney. Under the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, left radical nephrectomy was performed. The cut surface of the tumor was beige in color with few foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of the cells with voluminous reticulated cytoplasm stained lightly with routine hematoxylin and eosin. Hale's colloidal iron staining demonstrated a positive cytoplasmic reaction. Pathological diagnosis was chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma is a recently established subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which has rarely been reported in Japan.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

DM-9384, a new cognition-enhancing agent, increases the turnover of components of the GABAergic system in the rat cerebral cortex.

DM-9384 (nefiracetam) (N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide), a pyrrolidone derivative (or a cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), is a newly developed nootropic (or cognition-enhancing) agent. In the present study, we examined the biochemical effect of DM-9384 on GABAergic neurons in adult rat brains. DM-9384, when administered orally at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 7 days, significantly increased GABA turnover and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, and stimulated Na(+)-dependent high-affinity GABA uptake in cortical synaptosomes. In in vitro experiments, the K(+)-evoked release of [14C]GABA from cortical slices was markedly increased by low concentrations (10(-8), 10(-9) M) of DM-9384. The binding of GABAA and benzodiazepine to their receptors in the brain was not affected by DM-9384 (10(-10)-10(-3) M). The results suggest that DM-9384 increases the turnover of components of the GABAergic system by influencing presynaptic sites rather than postsynaptic sites.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

A thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor retards hypertensive rat diabetic nephropathy.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected with streptozotocin (STZ-SHR) to induce diabetes. The effect of DP-1904, a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, on diabetic nephropathy was then studied by administering it for 5 months (1 or 10 mg/kg). DP-1904 did not affect renal 6-keto prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha production in STZ-SHR, but markedly inhibited renal thromboxane (TX) B2 production, so that the 6-keto PGF1 alpha/TXB2 ratio was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). STZ-SHR showed significant uraemia and proteinuria, plus increases in urinary gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. DP-1904 significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) the urinary changes. STZ-SHR also showed an increase in mesangial periodic acid-Schiff-positive substance and in relative renal weight, both of which were significantly inhibited by DP-1904 (P less than 0.05). Thus, DP-1904 inhibited both TXB2 production and the progression of renal damage in STZ-SHR.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗