Fansidar resistant falciparum malaria in Indonesia.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Atmosoedjono.
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Laboratory reared Aedes aegypti (black eye and Jakarta strains), Aedes togoi, (Taiwan), Aedes albopictus, (Jakarta), wild caught Anopheles barbirostris, (Java) and Mansonia uniformis, (Jakarta) were fed on a carrier with mixed infection of Brugia timori and Wuchereria bancrofti. B. timori and W. bancrofti were able to develop in A. aegypti (black eye) and A. togoi, with development proceeding more rapidly for of B. timori than W. bancrofti. Both species of parasites were readily distinguishable in each of their developmental stages. A. barbirostris from Java was able to support development of B. timori as well as A. barbirostris from Flores. B. timori and W. bancrofti did not develop in M. uniformis, A. aegypti (Jakarta strain) and A. albopictus.
Brugia timori sp. n. from experimentally-infected Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) is described. The adult male differs from other Brugia species, except Brugia malayi, in having a spicular ratio of 3 : 1; it differs from B. malayi in having greater numbers of subventral adanal papillae (up to 5 on each side) that are loosely spaced and irregularly positioned about the cloaca, a greater diameter of the capitulum of the left spicule, greater lengths of the proximal- and midsections of the left spicule, and a greater length of the proximal section of the right spicule. The adult female has an ovejector of greater length and width than that of B. malayi. Microfilariae in the blood of persons from whom the parasite lines of this study originated were typical of the Timor type, having a greater total body length than other Brugia spp., a length to width cephalic space ratio of about 3 : 1, and a sheath which did not stain when processed in the usual manner with Giemsa.
Experimental infection with Brugia timori of 7 jirds (Merionesunguiculatus), 4 cats and 2 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) is described. Although no microfilariae were detected by examining 20 microliter samples of tail blood of jirds, adult worms were recovered from 6 of the 7 jirds at autopsy 69-141 days following infection. Some worms were gravid and microfilariae were found in visceral blood of 2 animals. The adult recovery rate in jirds was 16%; the male to female ratio was 1:3. In cats patent infection developed in 95-105 days but microfilaraemias were of low level and transient. No parasites were recovered from monkeys.
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Developmental stages of the Timor filaria recovered from experimentally infected Aedes togoi mosquitoes are described. Mosquitoes were dissected and examined for larvae beginning 1 1/2 days and continuing daily for 9 days after they had fed on a carrier on the island of Flores, Indonesia. Timor microfilariae develop rapidly to third-stage larvae within the thoracic muscles of A. togoi: the first molt occurs at 3 1/2 days, the second molt as early as 5 1/2 days, and infective forms are found at 6 1/2 to 7 1/2 days postfeeding. These larvae were compared with similar stages of subperiodic Brugia malayi recovered from A. togoi fed on an infected jird (Meriones unguiculatus) and the features distinguishing larvae of the Timor filaria from those of B. malayi are restricted to the tails of the first-stage forms. The terminal and subterminal nuclei of the Timor larva are generally smaller than those of B. malayi, and there is little if any bulge of the cuticle around them. A constriction of the tail between these nuclei is subtle or absent. The findings of this study support the view that the Timor filaria is a member of the Brugia complex.
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Japanese encephalitis virus was isolated from 11 pools of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and a single pool of C. gelidus mosquitoes at a pig-raising area near Jakarta, West Java, Indonesia, during 1972-74. Ten sentinel pigs placed in the area all developed haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against Japanese encephalitis and the virus was isolated from the blood of 3.