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Biomedical subjects

S B Buklina

Publications and source records attributed to S B Buklina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Disturbance of the knowledge representation in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the deep brain structures].

One hundred eighty patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the deep brain structures (caudate nucleus, thalamus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus and corpus callosus) have been examined. Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge representations (selective retrograde amnesia) was found in 31 subjects. All the patients, in dependence in what structure the AVM was situated, survival severe intraventricular haemorrhage with long period of unconsciousness. The majority of the patients have haemorrhage from right hemisphere AVM. Neuropsychological syndrome was identical in all the patients: representation of major historical data was damaged worst, sequence of events representation was less damaged. Actualization of autobiography and events aspects was not practically disturbed. Neuropsychological examination revealed a combine dysfunction of frontal, temporal (preferentially right hemisphere) lobes and diencephalous region. The author concluded that in patients with AVM of the deep brain structures selective retrograde amnesia was found after severe intraventricular haemorrhage on the background of combined dysfunction of medio-basal regions (preferentially, right hemisphere) and diencephalon region. After surgical removal of any structure, any development of "novel" memory disturbances, like selective retrograde amnesia, was not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge reproduction in patients with hemispheric and intraventricular brain damages].

One hundred four patients with hemispheric arteriovenous malformations (AVM) (frontal, parietal and temporal brain lobes), 21 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 21 patients with aresorptive hydrocephalus were studied. Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge reproduction was found in 12 patients with hemispheric AVM. All the patients survived severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Similar memory defects were detected in 3 patients with craniopharyngiomas and in 12 patients with hydrocephalus. In these cases medio-basal (periventricular) brain regions (frontal and temporal), preferentially of right hemisphere, and diencephalic region were damaged. Selective retrograde amnesia in all above damages was characterized by inability to recall dates, less often autobiography and events content. The author stressed a role of the processes of events sequence representation and of traces selectivity in "old" knowledge actualization in the mechanisms of studied disturbances development. A possible role of right and left hemispheres as well as diencephalic region in information coding and decoding is discussed.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed2001

[The unilateral space neglect in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the deep brain structures].

Clinical and neuropsychological study has been carried out in 187 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the deep brain structures, including 28 patients with caudate nucleus AVM, 35--with thalamus AVM, 45--with cingulated gyrus AVM, 43--with hippocampus AVM, 36--with corpus callosum AVM. Ignoring phenomenon in different modalities has been found in 47 patients, 40 patients having unfixed ignoring. The majority of the patients showed a left-side space and body ignoring and in 3 patients, with left-handedness signs, right-side ignoring has been observed. In all the patients ignoring development was associated with posthemorrhagic and postoperative impairment of the white matter (sensor conductor projections of sincipital and occipital lobes of periventricular white matter) or parietal and corpus callosum. In case of hemispheric local disturbances, ignoring developed in concomitant disorders (hemianopsia and hemihypesthesia) and coincided with them in modality. In case of corpus callosum damage, ignoring may develop without concomitant sensor disorders or may be on the other side (in case of simultaneous left hemisphere damage). The results obtained support the evidence for ignoring phenomenon independence.

Caudate Nucleus↗
PubMed2001

[The main hypothesis of hemi-neglect phenomenon development].

A review of the main hypotheses of unilateral ignoring development is presented. One part of them fail to answer the question whether the right hemisphere is preferentially interested in ignoring development, the other one does not answer the question why only the stimuli entering the right hemisphere are not recognized (e.g. in the animals who showed space left-side ignoring in the absence of speech). The author suggests that answering these questions lies in different ways of information processing by the right (simultaneous way) and left (successive way) hemispheres and their reciprocal interaction. The right hemisphere processes information more rapidly using simultaneous way, it seems to be more diffusive, in regard to functions being represented. The left hemisphere, which is slower and more local, regarding the function representation, compares current information stimuli with the "traces" of previous ones. Just this slower information processing with "trace" comparing is likely to enable the left hemisphere to recognize stimuli. From the right hemisphere, information for cognition has to be "thrown over" to the left hemisphere over the corpus callous. In case of right hemisphere or corpus callous damage, an amount of stimuli entering the left hemisphere is not enough for recognition, and unilateral ignoring developes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Neuropsychological syndromes of arteriovenous malformation of cinguli gyrus and hippocampus].

41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli and 39 ones with AVM of hippocamp were examined. AVM verification was performed according to the data of angiography and computer tomography of the brain during the operation. 4 patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absans. In these cases AVM spread from gyrus cinguli and hippocamp to the cortical medio-basal regions of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Autonomic paroxysms weren't found in the patients. Before the operation 73 patients had disorders of memory that progressed after the operation. Disorders of memory weren't completely identical in damages of gyrus cinguli or of hippocamp, namely: in damages of gyrus cinguli such disorders were similar in terms of their characteristics with those observed in damages of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes, while in pathology of hippocamp--with those of diencephalic region (region of III ventricle). A conclusion was made about different participation of the structures studied in realization of the memory function.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1999

[Memory disorders and deep structures of the brain].

Clinical and neuropsychologic examination of 141 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) was examined according to A.R.Lurye method. AVM of caudate nucleus were found in 27 patients, of thalamus in 34 ones, of hippocampal formation in 39 individuals, of gyrus cinguli in 41 cases. 102 patients were operated. Both total impairment of the memory and its peculiarities in damages of different structures were found in patients with AVM. A common peculiarity was the development of the amnestic symptom complex similar to Korsakov's syndrome. Such disorders occur only in combined damages of the deep structures (before the operation in patients with ventricular hemorrhages), excluding patients with AVM of caudate nucleus. The memory impairments were modal-nonspecific; in all the patients an audio-speech delayed memory was altered and reproduction in visual memory. Peculiarities of memory impairments in damage of separate structures were functional asymmetry of the defects of memory in AVM of caudate nucleus and thalamus (if present) as well as permanent inclusions and contaminations in AVM of gyrus cinguli. During process of evolution separate sides of memory function might be doubled in different structures, and each of them might have its own contribution to memory function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical-neuropsychological aspects of the adaptation of patients after the excision of craniopharyngioma in childhood].

40 patients aged 9-36 years were followed-up for at least 10 years after craniopharyngiomectomy. A combined neuropsychologic study according to A.R. Luria was carried out both for determination of the degree of psychic defects and for comparison with possibilities of adaptation. Symptoms of a damage of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes and dyencephalic region were observed in all the patients. The frontal symptoms were decisive for social adaptation after the operation. The adaptation was worse in patients with more pronounced manifestations of frontal symptoms in involvement of medio-basal regions of the left frontal lobe accompanied by poor motivation and inertness. Patients with infact motivation and activity in the presence of dominant dysfunction of the medio-basal regions of the right frontal lobe appeared to be more adapted, even when there were pronounced disorders of vision and memory. The defects were compensated worse in patients operated early in childhood, with features of side cerebral dysfunction and in left-handers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

[The functional heterogeneity of the human caudate nucleus].

Combined clinical-neuropsychological investigation of 26 patients with vascular malformations of caudate nucleus (CN) was performed both before and after surgical removal of the malformation. Arterial-venous malformations were located in the head (12 cases) of CN, in its corpus (9 patients), in both head and corpus (5 individuals). Verification of the malformation's location was carried out according to data of computer tomography, angiography, as well as during the operation. It was revealed that postoperative syndromes were closely related in patients with both the side of CN's alteration and with the region of the damage. The clear perseverative syndrome was observed when left CN, and especially its head was damaged. When the corpus of the left CN was damaged perseverations were slighter. Meanwhile faint alienation of the word's meaning as well as the slight alterations of evaluation of rhythm's estimation were observed in such cases. Disorders of the perception were observed mainly when the right CN and especially its corpus was damaged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Clinico-neuropsychological syndromes involving the human gyrus cinguli].

There was performed clinical and neurophysiological observation of 41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli. Disorders of memory appeared to be the main manifestations before the operation in 38 patients, moreover they had the features of Korsakov's syndrome in 5 patients. Autonomic and epileptic-like fits weren't quite characteristic. Memory impairment was observed in 23 from 38 patients after operation, however there weren't found any qualitatively new disorders. The first appearance of Korsakov's syndrome after operation was found in 3 patients. The degree of the increase of memory impairment correlated with the degree of the destruction of the gyrus cinguli as well as with the massivity of AVM passing into corpus callosum. Qualitative analysis of amnestic syndromes revealed that practically all the patients had the alteration of the selectivity of the memory traces, inability to keep in mind the meaning of the tale. It was accompanied by an absence of criticism toward patients' own defects. Similar signs of disorders had close resemblance with amnestic defects of the patients with frontal damages. That testified the significance of both damages of frontal lobes and their connections in formation of clinical pattern in human.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Nootropil in the treatment of disorders of the higher mental functions in patients with an ischemic stroke].

47 patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with nootropil (pyracetam, UCB, Belgium) from the first day of the disease (12 g, intravenously, by drops during 2 weeks, then 4.8 g, per os) on the background of basic therapy. There was revealed increase of spontaneous activity, expressive and impulsive speech, audio- and speaking memory (especially delayed memory), tactile, acoustic and visual gnosis, space praxis. There was observed more pronounced positive dynamics of functions of damaged hemisphere in patients with localisation of ischemic focus in left hemisphere. Meanwhile restoration was slower when ischemic focus was localized in right hemisphere. Restoration of high mental functions occurred to be faster during nootropil treatment as compared with basic therapy only. The conclusion was made that nootropil can be prescribed for the patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke and especially for the patients with alterations of cerebral circulation in system of internal carotid artery including such disturbances on the background of insufficiency of circulation in vertebrobasilar system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Use of neurotransplantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease].

The outcomes of transplantation of the human embryonal mid-brain into the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease are presented. For this, a procedure for obtaining, isolating, preparing the human embryonic midbrain, as well as a method for stereotactic administration of embryonal nerve tissue suspension having high dopaminergic neuron levels into the patients' striatum are specified. Patients underwent neurological examinations by the international protocol Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation including monthly video recording within 3 months before and 3-24 months after surgery. Electrophysiological, neuropsychological, and immunological examinations were made at the same intervals. Most patients had positive dynamics: diminution of the severity of main disease symptoms, reduction in the efficiency of a single dose of DOPA-containing drugs, decrease in the magnitude of side effects of drug therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The late sequelae of radiation exposure on the nervous system].

Clinical, neuropsychologic, neurophysiologic as well as neuromorphologic (in legal cases) examinations of Chernobyl liquidators were performed. In addition, the study was made of the monkeys exposed to 1,5 Gy radiation. The results obtained testified to the organic character of cerebral damages. They may be characterised as chronic progressive discirculatory-hypoxic syndrome in which disorders of vascular permeability were expressed and dystrophic destructive irreversible alterations of nervous cells occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ischemic stroke and the ways of compensation of cerebral circulation in patients with nonspecific aorto-arteritis with lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries].

In patients suffering from nonspecific aortoarteritis associated with impairment of the common carotid arteries, cerebral blood flow is compensated for at the expense of an increase of the volumetric blood flow in the vertebral arteries. During the first three years since the onset of the first disease symptoms, the blood content in the basin of the internal carotid arteries is reduced. Brain strokes occur most frequently within that period. They mostly develop without any preceding transitory ischemic attacks. The origin of neurological symptomatology depends to a considerable measure on the condition of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency].

The clinical experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, covering a period between November, 1983 and December, 1987 was analysed. Problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and the peculiarities of choosing the methods for surgical correction according to the extent and localization of the occlusive lesions were studied. The sequence and volume of the surgical intervention in patients with isolated and combined affections of the vessels of the vertebrobasilar and carotid channels are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Ultrastructural aspects of acute cerebral ischemia during nootropil administration (experimental study)].

Electron microscopy of the sensomotor cortex in 27 rats was performed at varying times (1, 3, 7 days) after arteria carotis communis occlusion. Three groups of rats (5 rats in every group) were treated by nootropil (500 mg/kg daily) in accordance with three time intervals. Control rats were undrugged. More preserved were neurons in the brain of rats treated by nootropil. Neuronal organelles had rare signs of irreversible damages. Membranes were more often preserved, organelles fragmentation and vacuolization were less pronounced. The experimental rats showed neurons containing numerous ribosomes and small new-formed mitochondria. The difference in neuronal structure in treated and untreated rats became more distinct 3-7 days after occlusion. The results obtained are suggested to be connected with the drug ability to normalize ATP metabolism, to stimulate phospholipid synthesis and ribosome function and to increase glucose utilization. The problem of using GABA derivatives in conditions of the most acute brain ischemia is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical-neuroendocrinological syndromes due to lesions of the cingulate gyrus in humans.

Clinical and neuroendocrinological studies were performed in 41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the cingulate gyrus. Before surgery, the primary affliction in 38 patients consisted of memory disturbance, 5 of these having signs of Korsakov's syndrome. Autonomic and epileptic fits were not typical. Of 38 patients undergoing surgery, postoperative worsening of memory occurred in 23, but no qualitatively new disturbances appeared. Korsakov's syndrome appeared de novo after surgery in 3 patients. The extent of memory disturbances correlated with the extent of lesions to the cingulate gyrus and with the extent to which AVM affected the corpus callosum. Qualitative analysis of memory loss syndromes revealed alterations in trace selectivity in nearly all patients and failure to retain the meaning of stories, which was accompanied by lack of insight into the patients' abnormalities. The signs of these syndromes showed clear similarity with memory deficiencies in patients with frontal lesions. This suggests that not only the frontal lobes themselves, but also their connections, are involved in producing the clinical picture in humans.

Adolescent↗