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Biomedical subjects

S B Hanser

Publications and source records attributed to S B Hanser.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Music therapy research and applications in pediatric oncology treatment.

Music therapy is a profession which meets multiple physical, social, and psychological needs. Music therapists can facilitate health objectives by reducing the intensity or duration of pain, alleviating anxiety, and decreasing the amount of analgesic medication needed. Rehabilitative objectives can include activities which incorporate exercise, range of motion therapy, or gait training. Reduction of fear, anxiety, stress, or grief are common psychological objectives. Music therapy is particularly effective in promoting social objectives such as increased interaction, verbalization, independence, and cooperation; enhanced relationships with health care personnel and family members; and increased stimulation during long-term hospitalization or isolation. Counseling techniques are often paired with music to achieve emotional objectives such as expression, adjustment, stability, or locus of control. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the extant music/medical research literature and clarify how music therapy can provide a quintessential combination of physical, social, and psychological benefits to enhance the health care of pediatric oncology patients.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a music therapy strategy on depressed older adults.

A music-facilitated psychoeducational strategy was developed as a cost-effective and accessible intervention for older adults experiencing symptoms of depression, distress, and anxiety. Thirty older adults who had been diagnosed with major or minor depressive disorder were randomly assigned to one of three 8-week conditions: (1) a home-based program where participants learned music listening stress reduction techniques at weekly home visits by a music therapist; (2) a self-administered program where participants applied these same techniques with moderate therapist intervention (a weekly telephone call); or (3) a wait list control. Participants in both music conditions performed significantly better than the controls on standardized tests of depression, distress, self-esteem, and mood. These improvements were clinically significant and maintained over a 9-month follow-up period. The potential for this type of intervention with homebound elders and others who have limited access to services is discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1992

Batter up! Relapse prevention for homeless veteran substance abusers via softball team participation.

Thirty-four veterans of a residential rehabilitation program for homelessness and substance abuse participated on a community-based softball team. Compared to nonparticipants, participants stayed in treatment longer and were more likely to complete all aspects of the program (inpatient and outpatient). They also were more likely to be abstinent from drugs/alcohol, employed, and housed 3 months postdischarge. Participation appeared to enhance outcomes by providing in vivo opportunities for practicing coping skills and developing supportive relationships. A softball program may be a viable adjunct treatment in which formally taught cognitive-behavioral skills can be applied in a natural, but semistructured setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mental disorders in chronically ill children: parent-child discrepancy and physician identification.

Mental disorders affect 18% to 20% of children and adolescents. The rate in children with chronic illness is probably higher. This study of chronically ill children addresses the discrepancy between parent and child reports of child psychiatric disorders and the extent to which pediatricians agree with reports by children and parents regarding such problems. Eighty-three subjects, aged 9 to 18 (mean = 12.6), were recruited; they had the following diagnoses: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Subjects and one parent were interviewed separately, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-2.1). The subject's physician completed a questionnaire asking about the presence of a range of mental disorders. Forty-one (49%) subjects reached threshold criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, using both parent and child as informants. Psychiatric disorders were identified in only 22 subjects (54%) by the child and in 28 (68%) by parent alone. Thus, reliance on one informant resulted in failure to identify one third to one half of psychiatric disorders. Physicians' ratings agreed significantly with children's reports but not with parental reports, suggesting that physicians are sensitive to children's concerns but may underestimate the value and importance of parents' reports. Clinical and research evaluations of chronically ill children, as well as clinician identification of mental health problems, will be influenced by the choice of informant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal distress and discrepancy in reports of psychopathology in chronically ill children.

This article focuses on the relation between maternal distress and mother-child discrepancy in reports of child psychopathology, as assessed by a standardized structured interview. The sample includes 92 chronically ill children (mean age +/- SD = 12.5 +/- 2.7 years). Agreement between mother and child on the presence of any child psychiatric diagnosis was low. Maternal distress was correlated with the number of disorders identified by the mother but not with those identified by the child. Maternal distress was significantly higher in the mothers who identified a disorder but whose children did not. Choice of informant and maternal distress are significant factors in the evaluation of psychopathology.

Adolescent↗