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Biomedical subjects

S B Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to S B Hoffman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Bioavailability of transdermal methimazole in a pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) in healthy cats.

The antithyroid drug methimazole is widely used for the medical management of feline hyperthyroidism. Recently, custom veterinary pharmacies have offered methimazole in a transdermal gel containing pluronic and lecithin (PLO), with anecdotal evidence of efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability, relative to i.v. and oral routes of administration, of transdermal methimazole in a PLO gel in cats. Six healthy adult cats were assigned to receive 5 mg of methimazole by the i.v., oral, or transdermal routes, in a randomized triple crossover protocol with 1 week washout between doses. Blood samples were taken for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of serum methimazole, at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 min, and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after dosing. Methimazole absorption following transdermal administration was poor and variable, with only two of six cats achieving detectable serum methimazole concentrations at any time point following transdermal administration. Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and absolute bioavailability were all significantly lower for the transdermal route (0.39 +/- 0.63 microg h/mL, 0.05 +/- 0.09 microg/mL, and 11.4 +/- 18.7%, respectively) than for either i.v. (7.96 +/- 4.38 microg h/mL, 3.34 +/- 2.00 microg/mL, 100%) or oral routes (2.94 +/- 1.24 microg h/mL, 0.51 +/- 0.15 microg/mL, 40.4 +/- 8.1%). The results of this study indicate generally low to undetectable bioavailability of methimazole in a lecithin/pluronic gel given as a single transdermal dose to healthy cats, although one individual cat did achieve nearly 100% transdermal bioavailability relative to the oral route.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Geriatric and team training for podiatric residents.

The authors discuss the Interdisciplinary Team Training in Geriatrics program developed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. At the James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, this program provides funding to podiatric residents, enabling them to work with practitioners from other health care disciplines as a team that addresses all of the varied health needs of the elderly patient.

Florida↗
PubMed1988

Effects of branched chain amino acid-enriched total parenteral nutrition on amino acid utilization in rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma.

We have studied the ability of branched chain amino-acid enriched total parenteral nutrition solutions to improve nutritional status without stimulating tumor growth. Protein kinetics, nitrogen balance, tumor kinetics, fractional synthetic rates of individual tissues, and albumin synthesis were compared in male Sprague-Dawley rats (125-145 g) that had either s.c. Yoshida sarcoma (n = 15) or sham implantations (n = 18). Ten days postinjection, rats were randomly assigned to 2 diet groups and given parenteral infusions of 4 days at 170 kcal/kg.body wt.day as dextrose and 2 g N/kg.body wt.day as either 19 or 50% branched chain amino acid-enriched diet. During the last 4 h of feeding, protein kinetic values were studied using a constant infusion of [14C]tyrosine. Plasma tyrosine appearance, synthesis, and breakdown were unchanged by branched chain amino acid infusion. Percentage of tyrosine flux oxidized and tyrosine oxidation decreased (P less than 0.05) and net tyrosine balance improved (P less than 0.05) in rats receiving the branched chain amino acid-enriched diet. Greater nitrogen balance and lower tumor growth rates were also found in branched chain amino acid-infused rats although not statistically significant. Tumor intracellular specific activity was significantly higher in tumor animals receiving crystalline infusions, suggesting greater tumor protein breakdown with branched chain amino acid-enriched infusion. Fractional synthetic rates of liver, muscle, and tumor were unchanged. Hence, branched chain amino acid-enriched total parenteral nutrition increases amino acid utilization for net protein synthesis principally by reducing oxidation without stimulating tumor growth.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Campylobacter jejuni/coli in commercially reared beagles: prevalence and serotypes.

A 5 year longitudinal study involving 187 commercially reared beagles from three suppliers was undertaken to determine prevalence and serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli was isolated from the feces in 62 of 177 asymptomatic beagles and 8 of 10 dogs with diarrhea for an overall prevalence of 37%. A total of 36 isolates were serotyped on the basis of thermostable antigens with 20 antisera prepared against frequently occurring serotypes isolated from humans with campylobacter associated enteritis (15 C. jejuni, 5 C. coli serotypes). Of these isolates, 17 (47%) serotyped with antisera to 7 C. jejuni serotypes frequently isolated in human cases of enteric campylobacteriosis (serotypes 1, 4, 10, 16, 18, 19, 37). One C. coli reacted to antisera 24, 34, 37, one strain of C. coli to antisera type 37, and another C. coli to antisera type 34. All three C. coli belonged to serotypes frequently encountered in diarrheic human patients.

Animals↗