Biomedical subjects

S B Linda

Publications and source records attributed to S B Linda.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Vitamin A concentrations in serum and liver from Florida panthers.

Many of the anomalies and clinical signs afflicting the Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) are suggestive of vitamin A deficiency. Our objectives in this study were to determine if a vitamin A deficiency exists in the free-ranging panther population and to determine if there are differences in vitamin A levels among various subgroups of free-ranging panthers. Retinol concentrations were used as an index to Vitamin A concentrations and were determined in serum and liver from free-ranging (serum, n = 45; liver, n = 22) and captive (serum, n = 9; liver, n = 2) juvenile and adult Florida panthers from southern peninsular Florida (USA), and in liver from free-ranging cougars (F. concolor subspp.) from Washington (USA) and Texas (USA) between November 1984 and March 1994. Combined juvenile (6- to 24-mo-old) and adult (> 24-mo-old) free-ranging Florida panthers had mean +/- SD serum retinol concentrations of 772.5 +/- 229 pmol/ml. Adult free-ranging Florida panthers had mean liver retinol concentrations of 4794.5 +/- 3747 nmol/g. Free-ranging nursing Florida panther kittens (age < 1 mo) had mean serum retinol concentrations of 397.9 +/- 69 pmol/ml. Among subgroups of free-ranging Florida panthers, females had higher corrected mean serum retinol concentrations than males and adult free-ranging Florida panthers had higher mean liver retinol concentrations than juveniles. Retinol concentrations in free-ranging Florida panthers did not differ significantly from those in captive panthers (liver and serum) or other free-ranging cougars (liver). Based on limited published values and our controls, a vitamin A deficiency could not be demonstrated in the Florida panther population nor were any subgroups or individuals considered deficient.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1997

Hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for Florida panthers.

Ninety-four blood samples were collected from 48 (29 males and 19 females) free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) captured in southern Florida (USA) from 1983 to 1994 for routine hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Florida panthers in the northern portion of their range had significantly higher red blood cell (mean +/- SD = 7.923 x 10(6) +/- 0.854 x 10(6)/microliter), hemoglobin (12.53 +/- 1.66 g/dl), and packed cell volume (36.97 +/- 4.27%) values compared to those of panthers localized in more southern parts of Florida (7.148 x 10(6) +/- 1.045 x 10(6)/microliter, 11.60 +/- 1.62 g/dl, and 34.82 +/- 5.99%, respectively). Adults had significantly higher mean serum total protein (7.50 +/- 0.59 g/dl) and packed cell volume (36.90 +/- 4.97%) values than juveniles (6.88 +/- 0.49 g/dl and 34.54 +/- 5.30%). However, mean serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (3.80 +/- 0.26 g/dl) when compared to adult values (3.58 +/- 0.26 g/dl). Mean serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (10.33 +/- 0.39 mg/dl) than in adults (9.66 +/- 0.45 mg/dl). Additionally, mean serum iron concentrations were significantly higher in those panthers of intergrade genetic stock compared to values in those of authentic genetic stock (105.6 +/- 72.1 micrograms/dl versus 59.3 +/- 19.7 micrograms/dl, respectively).

Aging↗

PubMed1995

Selenium status of white-tailed deer in southern Florida.

Samples of serum, liver, kidney, and heart were collected for selenium analysis from 174 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southern Florida (USA), 1984 to 1988, to determine the selenium status of these animals. Deer were obtained from eight sites and classified by five age-class groups. For serum and the three tissues analyzed, selenium concentrations varied significantly (P < 0.001) among sites. Differences between years (P < 0.0004) were found for heart and kidney, age-class (P < 0.004) for kidney and season (P < 0.02) for liver. Low selenium concentrations were evident, in that 75% of all serum samples analyzed contained less than the critical concentration (< 0.06 ppm) by livestock standards, with 50% of serum samples less than 0.03 ppm, evidence of a severe deficiency. Likewise, tissue selenium concentrations (dry basis) were below critical livestock concentrations in 13% of the liver samples (< 0.25 ppm), 36% in kidney (< 3.0 ppm) and 19% in heart (< 0.15 ppm). Based on serum and tissue data, selenium dietary intake was low and may have been deficient for white-tailed deer in southern Florida.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1994

Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): a statistical model of the role of temperature, photoperiod, and geography in the induction of egg diapause.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) lays eggs refractory to hatching in response to several environmental cues. The goal of this statistical treatment was to quantify the role and interaction of latitude and country of origin (Japan and the United States), photoperiod, rearing/holding temperature, and a newly identified element, elevation of the site of origin, with critical photoperiod (Cpp). We also describe the development of an equation relating the incidence of diapause to daylength, rearing/holding temperature, and latitude and elevation of the site of origin, an equation useful in the development of a simulation model of the population dynamics and distribution of Ae. albopictus in North America. The analysis indicated that elevation from 0 to 300 m is significantly correlated with Cpp. The results also corroborate earlier conclusions that, on the basis of a shallower geographical cline in photoperiodic response in the United States, North American strains of Ae. albopictus have a temperate origin in Asia and indicate that the rapid spread of this mosquito within the United States via the distribution of used tires resulted in founder populations that were only partially adapted in diapause response to local conditions.

Aedes↗

PubMed1994

Serum and tissue tocopherol in sheep after intramuscular injection and(or) dietary vitamin E supplementation.

In a 28-d trial, 35 wethers weighing 35 to 60 kg were used to evaluate serum, liver, pancreas, kidney, diaphragm, heart, and neck muscle alpha-tocopherol concentrations after vitamin E administration as i.m. injections and(or) oral supplementation. Treatments (T) were as follows: 1) i.m. DL-alpha-tocopherol(DL-alpha-ol) d 1, 2) i.m. DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate(DL-alpha-ac) d 1, 3) i.m. DL-alpha-ol d 1, 7, 14, and 21, 4) T 1 and oral supplementation, 5) T 3 and oral supplementation, 6) oral supplementation, and 7) control, no E supplementation. Supplemented wethers received 500 IU via injection and(or) 30 IU/kg of diet (acetate form). In a second 10-d trial, blood was periodically collected from 20 wethers weighing 32 to 47 kg that had been assigned to T as follows: 1) control, 2) i.m. DL-alpha-ol d 1, 3) i.m. DL-alpha-ac d 1, 4) T 2 d 1 and 7, and 5) T 3 d 1 and 7. Results from repeated measures ANOVA in both trials indicated that there were day x T effects (P < .0001) on serum alpha-tocopherol. Pretreatment serum tocopherol concentrations were .58 and .66 microgram/mL for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, wethers receiving the four alcohol vitamin E forms showed a rapid increase in serum tocopherol between d 1 and 3, followed by a rapid decline to pretreatment concentrations for T 1, whereas T 3, 4, and 5 maintained higher than pretreatment concentrations after the decline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗

PubMed1994

Pre- and postpartum supplemental DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate effects on placental and mammary vitamin E transfer in sheep.

Twenty-six pregnant ewe lambs were used to study the effect of four treatment (T 1 to 4) levels of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (0, 15, 30, and 60 IU.lamb-1.d-1) supplemented 28 d prepartum through 28 d postpartum on placental and mammary gland transfer of alpha-tocopherol. Blood samples were first obtained on d 28 prepartum and thereafter with milk samples at designated intervals up to 28 d postpartum for alpha-tocopherol analyses. Similarly, blood samples were obtained from neonatal lambs on d 1 before suckling and on d 3, 14, and 28 postpartum. Ewe lamb serum tocopherol concentrations averaged .66 micrograms/mL before T administration; 28 d later averages were .93, 1.94, 2.63, and 4.07 micrograms/mL (linear, P < .05) for T 1 to 4, respectively. Supplemental vitamin E had no effect (P > .05) on serum alpha-tocopherol of neonatal lambs, indicating inefficient placental transfer. By d 3, lamb serum tocopherol increased to 1.41, 1.84, 2.43, and 4.46 micrograms/mL (linear, P < .05) for T 1 to 4 following consumption of colostrum and declined to .46, .74, 1.10, and 1.68 micrograms/mL (linear, P < .05) by d 28. On d 1 there was a linear (P < .05) treatment effect on tocopherol in colostrum, with a low concentration of 3.30 micrograms/mL for the control (T 1) and a high of 9.55 micrograms/mL for T 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration in sheep after intramuscular injection of DL-alpha-tocopherol.

Forty-three crossbred wethers weighing 35 to 60 kg were used to investigate the effect of a single i.m. injection of DL-alpha-tocopherol (DL-alpha-ol). Animals were offered 1 kg/d of a basal diet containing 25 ppm of vitamin E. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of five DL-alpha-ol injection treatments as follows: 1) control (placebo, 0 IU), 2) 125 IU, 3) 250 IU, 4) 500 IU, or 5) 1,000 IU. Blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture on d 1 before treatment administration and thereafter at designated intervals up to 360 h postinjection. The i.m. injections of DL-alpha-ol irrespective of dose increased serum alpha-tocopherol. Results showed a dose x time interaction (P less than .0001) across all treatments. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased rapidly to maximum concentration during the first 8 to 12 h for all non-zero treatments, followed by a rapid decline to pretreatment values. The mean serum alpha-tocopherol concentration at 0 h was .69 microgram/mL. Estimated peak serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations +/- SE were 6.68 +/- 1.04, 9.62 +/- 1.04, 21.66 +/- 2.37, and 50.75 +/- 7.05 micrograms/mL for Treatments 2 through 5, respectively. Results showed a quadratic dose effect (P less than .0003) on maximum response with apparently no effect on time taken to reach this peak. There was also a quadratic dose effect (P less than .0001) on the area under the concentration-time curve. The time taken for serum alpha-tocopherol to return to pretreatment levels increased with dose (56, 64, 67, and 74 h, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

Effects of ivermectin (MK-933) on the reproductive rate of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Aedes aegypti (L.) females were blood fed a single time on rabbits previously injected subcutaneously with ivermectin at 10 or 50 times the labeled dose recommended for cattle (0.2 mg [AI]/kg body weight). Although adult mosquito survival was unchanged by the low dose, fecundity and hatch were depressed slightly. Females fed on rabbits at the high dose exhibited reduced survival and egg production compared with females fed on control rabbits. Eggs from these females also were less likely to hatch, and subsequent larval survival was lower than controls. The effect of ivermectin on these reproductive parameters diminished as the time between drug administration and blood meal increased.

Aedes↗

PubMed1990

Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to estimate prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle of Florida.

A survey was conducted from 1986 through 1987, for which an ELISA was used to obtain information on the prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in cattle of Florida. Results revealed prevalence of 8.6% in beef cattle and 17.1% in dairy cattle. In beef and dairy cattle, prevalence increased with increasing herd size. It was concluded that ELISA-detectable circulating antibodies to M paratuberculosis are widespread in cattle of Florida.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Niacin requirement of broiler chickens fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age.

Four experiments were conducted to determine the niacin requirement of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age. Day-old, feather-sexed, broiler chicks (1,408) were used. The unsupplemented basal diet of corn and soybean meal contained 21 mg of niacin per kg and .29% tryptophan, by calculation, and 25 mg of niacin per kg, by analysis. Eight pens and 6 pens, with 8 chicks per pen, were fed 0, 3, 6, 12, 33, and 66 mg of supplemental niacin per kg of diet in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Ten pens and 6 pens, with 8 chicks per pen, were fed 0, 3, 6, 12, and 15, and 0, 3, 12, 33, 66, and 132 mg of supplemental niacin per kg of diet in Experiments 3 and 4, respectively. The birds were weighed at 3 wk of age, and feed intake was determined. At the end of each experiment, each bird was evaluated for leg disorders. Using a two-phase regression analysis of the four experiments combined, a minimum requirement of total niacin (basal by analysis, plus supplemental) of 32 mg per kg of diet was found to be adequate in order to maximize broiler performance at 21 days of age.

Animal Feed↗