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Biomedical subjects

S B Petrov

Publications and source records attributed to S B Petrov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Radical perineal prostatectomy].

The authors have compared results of the first 9 perineal prostatectomies to a similar group of patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. In the group of patients after perineal prostatectomies the time of operation was at the average two hours less and the volume of blood loss was also two times less. Perineal radical prostatectomy is an effective modem method of treatment of localized prostate cancer. For many patients it will be a valuable alternative of the retropubic radical prostatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Current aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer].

Prostate cancer is becoming the most frequent malignant disease in men. Its present-day diagnosis in based on the combination of digital rectal examination, detection of the prostate-specific antigen in blood serum and multifocal transrectal biopsy of the prostate under ultrasonic control. The elevation of the level of prostate-specific antigen correlates with spread of the process and extracapsular penetration of the tumor. Asymmetry of the prostate and hypoechogenic foci represent the main ultrasonic signs of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. When the histological findings speak about the absence of atypical cells, another complex examination with rebiopsy is indicated in 6 months. The principal radical method of treatment of prostate cancer is prostatectomy performed mainly for the T1-T2 stages. At the preoperative period the neoadjuvant androgen deprivation can be performed in order to lessen the tumour volume and risk of a positive surgical margin.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Fibroblasts and morphogenesis of tissue components of tumor stroma].

Stereometric, morphohistochemical, and ultrastructural techniques were used to examine fibroblasts and morphogenesis of the stroma in 337 carcinomas of various sites and their metastases. The examination showed that, morphologically, the fibroblasts of the stroma were identical to connective tissue cells of non-neoplastic tissues. They produce synthesis of fibrillar structures and the basic substance, govern the extent and nature of the carcinoma stroma. The location and nature of tumor growth, blood supply and lymphoid infiltration affect the activity of fibroblasts and morphogenesis of the stroma. The marked correlation of stromal volumes in primary carcinomas and their metastases suggests that carcinoma cells make an important contribution to fibroblast stimulation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Lymphoid cell infiltration of malignant epithelial tumors in humans].

210 malignant tumors of different sites were studied by morphohistochemical, ultrastructural and stereometric means. Lymphoid cell infiltration was shown to be a morphologic manifestation of immune antitumor reactions. Neoplasms may show very high levels of lymphoid cell infiltration. However, the level of the said cells in the parenchyma and degree of cytotoxic effect on cancer cells are insufficient for antitumor effect to come about. Such factors as parenchyma/stroma ratio, degree of cell differentiation and stage of tumor may influence the level and pattern of infiltration.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1976

[Morphofunctional characteristics of male gonads in cancer of different localization].

Morphological and histochemical changes in the genital organs in 62 men, who had died of cancer of various localizations, and those in the testes in 65 practically healthy men aged 30-90 years, who had died of various causes, (controls), were studied. The studies conducted showed that changes in the male gonads in cancer of various localizations were similar to involutional ones, the former, however, were more pronounced and occurred in younger men. It was established that the functional activity of granulocytes in cancer dropped,whereas the activity of sustentocytes remained at a high level. This was one of the causes of impairment of the hormonal balance in the organism of a patient, cancer carrier, and of inhibition of the spermatogenesis activity. The degree and depth of changes depended on the stage and duration of the disease, localization of tumours was of no significance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of treatment of irritative symptoms and urinary retention in patients 1 year after radical retropubic prostatectomy].

AIM: To assess function of urinary retention and irritative symptoms from the lower urinary tracts in patients after radical prostatectomy for local prostatic cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From November 1997 to May 2001 radical prostatectomy was performed in 181 patients. One year after the operation 86 patients with pT1c-T2b filled in the questionnaire on urinary retention (UR) and irritative symptoms. RESULTS: One year after radical prostatectomy complete UR was registered in 76% of the patients, partial UR in 20.5% and unsatisfactory UR in 3.5%. Uroflowmetrical and ultrasound investigations, urine seeding made possible to select 16 patients with irritative symptoms. 11 patients of this group received alpha-adrenoblocker terazosin with a good response. CONCLUSION: One year after radical prostatectomy UR (complete or partial) was observed in 96.5% patients. Irritative symptoms unrelated to stricture of vesicourethral anastomosis and inflammation can be climinated by administration of terazosin.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibacterial therapy of complicated urinary infections in outpatients].

The term complicated urinary infections (CUIs) includes infections developing in the presence of anatomic anomalies, metabolic or hormonal disorders, immunodeficiency or infection with atypical microorganisms. Complicating factors diminish efficiency of antibiotic treatment, raise probability of recurrence. CUIs account for 45.2% of all cases of outpatient urinary infections in adults in Russia. Nephroliths, diabetes mellitus and renal cysts are most prevalent complicating factors. CUIs causative agents' spectrum is wider and resistance bacteria isolation is more frequent compared to uncomplicated urinary infections. In addition to antibiotic therapy, CUIs treatment should be focused on detection and elimination of the complicating factor. If complicating factors are unremovable, antibiotic therapy should be directed to management of clinical symptoms of urinary infection, prevention of complications and damage to renal parenchyma. CUIs demand longer courses of antibiotics than uncomplicated urinary infections: 7-14 days in infection of the lower urinary tracts, at least 14 days in infection of the upper urinary tracts and 4-6 weeks in failure of the standard course. Fluoroquinolones are drugs of choice in adults.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The rate and location of the positive surgical margin and its role in predicting recurrence of prostatic cancer].

To estimate the rate of positive surgical margin (SM) in radical retropubic prostatectomy and its role in emergence of prostatic cancer (PC) recurrence, we operated 216 PC patients aged 41 to 73 years. Most of the patients had clinical stages T2a,b (41.8%) or T3a (35.6%). Stages T1 and T3b were in 18.7 and 3.9% patients, respectively.A positive SM was registered in 68 of 193 patients (35.2%). Thirty six (52.9%) patients had a focal (solitary or short) SM, thirty two (47.1%) had a long SM. The recurrence occurred in 31 (16.1%) patients who, as a rule, had long SM. Recurrence-free one-year survival in 104 patients who had no SM reached 82%, in 34 patients with focal SM (group 2) it was 83%. Such three-year survival in group 1 and 2 was 75 and 73.6%, respectively. Thus, recurrence-free survival in organ-limited process and short SM differed little within 3 years. The period between 12 and 24 months of follow-up is most risky in relation to detection of recurrence in short SM. The group of patients with long SM had maximal number of recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of localized cancer of the prostate].

The study was made to improve preoperative diagnosis of the stage of prostatic cancer (PC) to raise efficacy of subsequent treatment. A total of 152 patients entered the study who had undergone in 1997-2002 a radical prostatectomy for local PC. Basing on pathomorphological findings, the patients were divided into two groups: with localized CP (68 patients) and spread CP (84 patients). The comparison of clinical and pathomorphological diagnosis in the same patients demonstrated that there is a correlation between them, therefore it is possible to predict pathomorphological diagnosis at the stage of clinical diagnosis. The formula of establishment of a pathomorphological stage of the disease has been developed and its efficacy was tested in 30 control patients. The mathematical model of complex evaluation of the symptoms allows in 81% of cases to correctly determine the spread of CP while examination of separate symptoms provides a correct diagnosis in less than half the cases. The model can prognosticate radicality of the future operative intervention and duration of recurrence-free course and, consequently, to reduce the rate of intra- and postoperative complications and design further treatment policy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of a positive surgical margin after retropubic radical prostatectomy in prognosis of recurrent prostatic cancer].

To estimate the occurrence of positive surgical margins (SM) in conduction of radical retropubic prostatectomy and SM role in development of the recurrence, we studied 216 surgical patients with prostatic cancer aged 41 to 73 years. Stages T2a,b, T3a, T1 and T3b were detected in 41.8, 35.6, 18.7 and 3.9% patients, respectively. A positive SM was verified in 68 of 193 (35.2%) patients. Of them, 36 (52.9%) patients had a focal (a single or short SM), while 32 (47.1%) patients had a long SM. The recurrence occurred in 31 (16.1%) cases, primarily in a long SM. In SM-free patients (group 1) one-year survival was 82% being very close to that in group 2 with a focal SM (83%). The differences between the groups were also minimal by three-year survival (75 and 73.6%, respectively). Thus, recurrence-free survival in the focal process and a short SM differs by three-year survival in the groups insignificantly. The period between month 12 and 24 is most risky in respect to recurrences in a short SM. Patients with a long SM had maximal number of prostatic cancer recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of ciprofloxacine antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications after TUR of the prostate].

We compared efficacy of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment (PPAT) with cyprofloxacine used orally (0.5 g), intravenously (0.4 g) and routine antibiotics in TUR of the prostate. A multicenter open randomized study covered 120 patients. PPAT efficacy was estimated by the rate of urinary infection (UI), frequency and duration of antibiotic treatment in the postoperative period, hospitalization duration. All the patients were divided into three groups: 39 patients of group 1 received oral cyprofloxacine 90-120 min before TUR of the prostate, 38 patients of group 2 received intravenous cyprofloxacine 30-60 min before TUR, 43 patients of group 3 (control) received routine antibiotic prophylaxis. The following results were obtained: 24-48 hours after the operation no cases of UI in group 1, 11.5 and 11.6% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, (p = 0.048); 7 days after TUR--UI in all the groups (2.6, 20, 23.3%, respectively); 14 days after TUR--UI in 5.1, 28.6, 27.9% patients, respectively. Mean duration of hospital stay was 11.7 +/- 7.6 days in group 1, 12.1 +/- 8.1 days in group 2, 12.5 +/- 7.8 days in group C (p > 0.05). Postoperative antibiotics were given to 16.7, 34.1 and 68.9% patients, respectively. Thus, cyprofloxacine in group 1 lowered UI risk and postoperative antibiotics significantly, in group 2 it had no influence on UI rate but reduced postoperative antibiotics significantly.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of life of patients after retropubic radical prostatectomy for prostatic cancer].

We studied quality of life in males after retropubil radical prostatectomy (RRP) for local prostatic cancer (LPC). A total of 159 men aged 41-80 years (mean age 67 years) 7-75 months after RRP responded questionnaires. The questions concerned urination and urine retention, erectile function, quality of life, satisfaction with results of operative treatment. 20.75% patients had no urine retention; 59.12% patients had some episodes of such retention, 20.13% had urine retention. In the postoperative period erection recovered in 13.87% patients; 26.42% observed weak force of the urine; 37.11%--improvement of quality of life and 30.19%--aggravation of quality of life. Most of the responders were satisfied with the treatment. Thus, quality of life after RRP worsens. Now, complications of RRP can be corrected and quality of life of such patients can be improved.

Adult↗