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Biomedical subjects

S B Tucker

Publications and source records attributed to S B Tucker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Intralesional interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma.

In a clinical trial of 172 patients at four medical centers, interferon alfa-2b (1.5 x 10(6) IU) or a placebo was injected directly into biopsy-proved noduloulcerative or superficial basal cell carcinomas three times weekly for 3 weeks, for a cumulative dose of 13.5 million IU. Efficacy of treatment was determined at 16 to 20 weeks by examination of biopsy specimens that demonstrated cure of lesions in 86% of interferon-treated patients and in only 29% of placebo-treated patients. During the treatment course and follow-up, an initial inflammatory response was observed at the treatment sites, followed by diminished erythema, improvement in overall appearance, and a decrease in size of lesions. Side effects of treatment, mainly flu-like symptoms, were usually mild and transient and occurred more commonly in the interferon-treated group. Only three patients, all in the interferon-treated group, discontinued therapy because of side effects. One year after initiation of therapy, 81% of interferon recipients and 20% of those given the placebo remained tumor free. Noduloulcerative and superficial lesions were equally responsive to treatment with interferon. For some patients with noduloulcerative or superficial basal cell carcinomas, intralesional interferon alfa-2b may be an alternative, effective treatment.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Trial of intralesional interferon alfa in the treatment of alopecia areata.

Eleven patients with alopecia areata, ranging from patchy disease to alopecia universalis, were treated with intralesional interferon alfa-2 on a selected area of alopecia. Follow-up at 3 months revealed local terminal hair growth in one patient. At 12 months, variable disease activity was seen. Regional lymphadenopathy, a new finding with interferon, was seen in four patients during the treatment. Immunohistochemical studies showed some changes in the inflammatory infiltrates and in HLA-DR expression that may be related to the interferon or to the dynamics of the inflammatory infiltrate in alopecia areata. Interferon, at the dosage and treatment schedule used in our trial, had no significant effect on alopecia areata.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of an intralesional sustained-release formulation of interferon alfa-2b on basal cell carcinomas.

Intralesional interferon alfa-2b has been proven effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas. Because nine injections over a 3-week period have been necessary to produce clinically significant cure rates, a sustained-release protamine zinc chelate interferon formulation has been developed. In this study, 65 basal cell carcinomas were treated in one of two dosing schedules with intralesional sustained release interferon alfa-2b (10 million IU per injection). Thirty-three patients received a single injection and 32 patients received one injection per week for 3 weeks. At study week 16, 80% of evaluable tumors treated with three injections and 52% treated with one injection were cured histologically. Two patients discontinued injections because of side effects. A sustained-release protamine zinc preparation of interferon alfa-2b shows promise as a practical, effective, and cosmetically elegant treatment for basal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of occupational skin disease.

Each occupational setting has unique risks for occupational skin disease based on the materials used, the workplace environment, and the skin type of each worker. Virtually all programs for the prevention of skin disease can be designed around the principles outlined in this article. Most problems can be eliminated by well-designed prevention programs. All workers are entitled to a safe working environment that reduces to the extent possible the risks of acquiring occupational skin disease.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

Hyperactivity and frustration: the influence of control over and size of rewards in delaying gratification.

This study examined the differential effects of frustration on normal children and those diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. Each group consisted of 16 boys between the ages of 6 and 8 years who were prematched for age, grade, and classroom placement. All children completed a series of arithmetic problems in order to earn toy rewards. Using a variant of Mischel's (1974) delay-of-gratification paradigm, children were presented with two choice-of-delay conditions in a randomly assigned, counterbalanced sequence: a free-choice conflict situation involving a long-passive or short-active reward delay, and a short-active delay. Results showed that a significantly greater proportion of hyperactive children chose to complete problems for an immediate reward compared to their normal control counterparts (p less than .01). Group differences were no longer apparent in the short-active delay trial. The results are discussed in terms of frustration tolerance and contributing factors such as cognitive-attentional style. Implications for treatment and future directions are delineated.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1986

Thalamic hemorrhage with neglect and memory disorder.

A patient with right thalamic hemorrhage developed left-sided hemi-inattention, indifference, motor neglect, and hypokinesia. He also developed a severe memory deficit at the time of hemorrhage. Observations in this patient suggest that, in addition to a syndrome of neglect and hypokinesia, an amnesic syndrome can arise from unilateral lesions involving the right thalamus.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1986

Development of an objective comedogenicity assay.

The rabbit ear comedogenicity assay is useful as a screening procedure for evaluating agents that come in contact with human skin. Controversy exists regarding the reliability of this assay because of differences in results from various laboratories. The subjective nature of the standard method of grading may also contribute to this variation. We use a more objective comedogenicity assay that utilizes increasing follicular orifice size on the rabbit ear as a measure of comedogenic activity. A generally linear increase in the degree of follicular orifice area was noted with several agents evaluated over a four-week application period. Further, a noninvasive Silastic elastomer mold was used to allow measurement of the same follicular orifice areas over time.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1985

Neonatal lupus erythematosus. A report of three cases associated with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies.

Three patients had neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome. All three infants were girls who presented with characteristic skin lesions but without evidence of congenital heart block. All three mothers were asymptomatic at the time of delivery and have remained so until the present time. All mothers were positive for anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, as were the infants prior to 6 months of age. Anti-La/SSB antibodies were not present in either the mothers or the infants. HLA typing revealed that two of the mothers were positive for B8 and DR3, while the third mother was positive for B8 and DR2. Two of the infants were positive for B8 and DR3, while the third infant was positive for DR2 only.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

Primary irritant contact dermatitis from synthetic pyrethroid insecticide exposure.

Synthetic pyrethroids are widely used insecticides with numerous applications, varying from food protection to general pest control. Humans are capable of tolerating greater acute and chronic exposures to the pyrethroids than to many other insecticides. An abnormal cutaneous sensation (paresthesia) is known to occur after dermal contact with the pyrethroids. Recent field studies have indicated that a primary irritant contact dermatitis may also develop. This investigation evaluated dermal irritancy from cutaneous synthetic pyrethroid application to albino rabbits. Through repeated daily applications of either fenvalerate or permethrin, a slight erythema was noted visually which correlated with increased cutaneous blood flow measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Histopathological changes were also documented, but no significant differences were detected in edema or thermal variation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris.

A double-blind study of 30 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied 2% zinc sulfate solution for acne therapy. Over a 12-week period, no difference was noted between placebo- and zinc-treated participants in regard to either the number or type of acne lesions. The irritancy due to topically applied zinc was significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than that due to the placebo. Zinc serum levels were not significantly elevated between the two regimens before, during, or after treatment. This study suggests that topical zinc therapy alone is not of significant benefit in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1985

Variation in cutaneous sensation between synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.

Synthetic pyrethroids are potent insecticides, utilized for food protection and general pest control. Numerous investigations have indicated that ultra-low volume applications are effective and may eliminate the developing problem of resistance to the currently utilized insecticides. The most prominent health symptom that accompanies topical contact with these agents appears to be a cutaneous sensation, paresthesia. In this investigation, a substantial difference in the degree of paresthesia was noted between the formulated grade of 4 synthetic pyrethroids. Also, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate was statistically validated as an efficacious therapeutic agent for cutaneous exposure to these insecticides.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Variation in cutaneous perfusion due to synthetic pyrethroid exposure.

Synthetic pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides with a low mammalian toxicity. Prior investigations have found these agents to be neither cutaneous irritants nor sensitisers. Clinically demonstrable inflammation, as judged by erythema, oedema, or vesiculation, has not been apparent. Nevertheless, paraesthesia does result from cutaneous exposure. In this investigation technical grade flucythrinate was applied to the forearms of human participants twice daily for five consecutive days. Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements were made before each topical application, with histamine phosphate being intradermally injected on termination of the study. Results of both laser Doppler velocimetry and histamine induced axon reflex vasodilatation were not statistically significant at an alpha = 0.05 level. This investigation suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids have little influence on neurogenic vasodilatation on topical exposure.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides: a dermatological evaluation.

Synthetic pyrethroids are lipophilic insecticides whose biological activity seems to be directly related to their chemical structure. In this investigation differences in cutaneous sensation were detected by human participants between synthetic pyrethroids with a cyano group in the (S)-configuration of the 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol of their molecular structure (fenvalerate) and those that do not (permethrin). A strong relation was noted between insecticidal potency and degree of induced cutaneous sensation for the alpha-cyano and non-cyano pyrethroids, with a prominent difference between the two. No sensation was observed by any of the same participants on topical exposure to the inert ingredients of these agents. A linear correlation between concentration and degree of induced dysaethesia was observed for both pyrethroids. Regressing the cutaneous sensation on the common logarithm of concentration resulted in a regression equation of Y = 84.0 + 31.0X1 for fenvalerate and Y = 27.5 + 15.8X1 for permethrin. A highly efficacious therapeutic agent for pyrethroid exposure was noted to be dl-alpha tocopherol acetate. An impressive degree of inhibition of paraesthesia resulted from the topical application of vitamin E acetate, with a therapeutic index of almost 100%.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗