PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Comparison of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and fructosamine for detection of diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate the use of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) levels in screening for diabetes mellitus, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c, fructosamine (FA), and AG in 1620 randomly selected subjects in 11 institutions throughout Japan. Most individuals were receiving diet and/or drug therapy for diabetes. Subjects were separated into four groups based on World Health Organization criteria: nondiabetic control subjects, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), patients with diabetes, and patients with other disorders without IGT. The overlap of AG values between each group was less than that of HbA1c or FA values. AG levels were significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.627), HbA1c (r = -0.629), and FA (r = -0.590) levels. If we took 14 micrograms/ml as the normal lower limit, AG level was highly specific (93.1%), and a decreased AG level indicated diabetes mellitus (84.2% sensitivity). According to the selectivity index (sensitivity value times specificity value), AG determinations were superior to both HbA1c and FA measurements for diabetes screening. When combinations of these tests were used, only AG and HbA1c together were slightly better than AG alone. Thus, together with other advantages of AG, e.g., its wide variance with relatively fair glycemic control and the negligible influence of the sampling conditions, AG level has more potential than HbA1c or FA level as a screening criterion for diabetes.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced and spontaneous diabetes in NOD/Shi/Kbe mice by anti-MHC class I Kd monoclonal antibody.

The immune mechanisms directly responsible for beta-cell destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes are undefined. We studied the role of MHC class I-restricted T lymphocytes in the development of diabetes in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated male and untreated female NOD mice (H-2Kd,Db). After administration of CY to 10-wk-old male NOD/Shi/Kbe mice, 37 of 64 (58%) phosphate-buffered saline-injected control mice and 13 of 22 (59%) anti-Kb and 12 of 27 (44%) anti-Db monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-injected mice became diabetic by 14 wk of age, whereas only 3 of 38 (8%) anti-Kd and 2 of 13 (15%) anti-Lyt-2 MoAb-injected mice did. In untreated female NOD/Shi/Kbe mice, 30 of 46 (65%) mice developed spontaneous diabetes by 30 wk of age, whereas none of 9 anti-Kd MoAb-injected mice became diabetic. Immunohistochemical studies showed that islet-infiltrating cells in CY-treated control mice were composed mainly of both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes, whereas many L3T4+ and very few Lyt-2+ lymphocytes infiltrated within the islets in anti-Kd MoAb-injected mice. Administration of anti-Lyt-2 MoAb induced the absence of Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes in the islet and spleen. However, anti-Kd MoAb did not change the number of spleen cells or the T-lymphocyte subset and response to concanavalin A. These results suggest that MHC class I Kd-restricted Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes play an important role as direct effector cells in destruction of beta-cells in NOD/Shi/Kbe mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Morphological analysis of selective destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in NOD mice.

Interactions of pancreatic islets and islet-associated mononuclear cells (IAMCs) from the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse were morphologically investigated. To obtain IAMCs, pancreatic islets isolated from adult NOD mice were cultured for 7 days with interleukin 2. Noted by light microscopy, interactions between IAMCs and freshly isolated islets from young NOD mice began 30 min after the initiation of the coculture, and 6 h later, normal cellular array of the islets was lost. By electron microscopy, most IAMCs had low nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, the nucleus was notched and exhibited condensed chromatin along the nuclear membrane, and well-developed Golgi complexes and several mitochondria were distributed in the cytoplasm. These IAMCs adhered to beta-cells, but not to alpha- or delta-cells, with their pseudopods and caused cytolysis of beta-cells. Immunohistochemical study with antibodies specific for pancreatic hormones demonstrated that only cells reacting with anti-insulin antibody were selectively lost as the incubation time proceeded. Electron immunohistochemistry by immunogold technique showed that effector cells in IAMCs reacted with anti-CD8 (Lyt-2) antibody, but not anti-CD4 (L3T4) or anti-asialogangliosideM1 antibody. In addition, the concentration of pancreatic hormones in the culture medium, used as a marker of cytolysis, also demonstrated that insulin was significantly increased after 6 h of culture, whereas glucagon and somatostatin were not. These results suggest that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in the selective destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in the NOD mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of gravity vector on eye movement elicited by linear acceleration.

When the body/head motion is sensed by otolith organs, they respond not only to the resultant acceleration of the motion but also to the gravitational force. We investigated the influence of the gravity vector on the otolithic-ocular reflex caused by motion in normal subjects. The sled type linear accelerator, moving back and forth with a frequency of 0.25 Hz and an amplitude of 2 m, generated right-left linear acceleration with a maximum magnitude of 0.5 g. We tested every subject under seven different postures: 1) 135 degrees forward tilted (F.T.), 2) 90 degrees F.T., 3) 45 degrees F.T., 4) upright sitting, 5) 45 degrees backward tilted (B.T.), 6) 90 degrees B.T., and 7) 135 degrees B.T. Horizontal eye movements with nystagmic pattern were elicited by these stimulations and were recorded by EOG. The eye movement data were analyzed by using a computer with the following procedure. After extraction of saccadic components from the data, the remaining parts were connected smoothly. The waves reconstructed in this manner, considered to be primary otolithic-ocular responses, were processed with the FFT method for calculating the amplitude of the component at 0.25 Hz. As a result, the responses were larger in the forward tilted postures than in the backward tilted postures.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

Effect of water immersion on post-rotatory and caloric nystagmus.

Caloric nystagmus and post-rotatory nystagmus were recorded with and without head-out water immersion. As water immersion reduces body weight by about 90% owing to buoyancy, it decreases somatosensory inputs. Thus water immersion can be used to simulate a weightless environment. Caloric nystagmus was enhanced significantly by water immersion; however, post-rotatory nystagmus was not. These findings demonstrate that caloric nystagmus is easily affected by water immersion which decreases somatosensory inputs, but that post-rotatory nystagmus is not.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1991

[Study on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and arylsulfatase B in nasal secretions and sera from patients with nasal allergy].

Recently four tissue toxic proteins namely major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were found in eosinophilic leucocytes. Although the characteristics of these proteins concerning tissue damage in the local site of type I allergic reaction have been investigated mainly in lower respiratory tract, the actual clinico-pathological roles of these proteins in nasal allergy are not clarified. Contrary, eosinophils also have histaminase, arylsulfatase, phospholipase D, which are considered to act on a negative feedback mechanism in allergic reaction through inactivation of chemical mediators. Therefore, estimation of ECP and simultaneously arylsulfatase B in nasal secretion and the sera from patients with nasal allergy may clarify the dynamics of clinico-pathological state, especially in the late phase of allergic reaction in each patients. ECP concentrations in the nasal secretions from 22 patients and in the sera from 12 patients with nasal allergy were measured by RIA method. The activities of arylsulfatase B in the nasal secretions and the sera were also estimated in the same specimens as ECP by measuring its hydrolytic activity using p-nitro cathecol sulfate as a substrate. The results obtained were as follows; 1) There was a significant correlation between ECP concentrations in the nasal secretions and the severities of clinical symptoms, especially the degree of nasal obstruction. ECP concentrations also significantly correlated to the score of eosinophilic leucocytes in the nasal smears. 2) The serum ECP concentrations significantly correlated to the number of eosinophilic leucocytes in the peripheral blood, and also showed slight tendency of correlation to the severity of clinical symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[Transurethral microwave thermotherapy of benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy using Prostatron was performed in 31 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, and the clinical effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing the subjective and objective responses following the treatment. The 22F balloon catheter to be placed in the prostatic urethra incorporates the microwave antenna, a cooling system and a fiberoptic thermosensor which allow an effective delivery of microwave energy to the center of the prostate, while preserving the mucosa and periurethral tissue. The maximum urethral temperature during the treatment ranged from 43.3 to 45.5 degrees C (44.7 +/- 0.96 degrees C: mean +/- S.D.) and the average power output was 27.4 Watt. The treatment was performed in a single session of an hour on the outpatient basis. In one patient who could not be relieved of the indwelling catheter underwent a transurethral resection, and the histological effect of thermotherapy on the resected specimen was examined. In the prostatic tissue, heat-induced necrotic change of the interstitial tissue as well as degenerative change of the acinar epithelium were remarkable, whereas the urethral mucosa was well preserved. In the remaining 30 patients, the clinical effects were evaluated 8 weeks after the treatment by a score scale for subjective symptoms, residual urine and maximum urinary flow rate, which was compared with the pretreatment score. Improvement of both subjective symptoms and objective findings was observed in 13 subjects (43.3%), that of subjective symptoms only in 14 cases, and that of objective findings only in 2 cases, resulting in a notable improvement in total 29 cases (97.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Kidney preserving surgery for renal cell carcinoma in patients with a solitary kidney or bilateral tumors--with special regard to indication and limitation of enucleation].

We performed kidney preserving surgery for renal cell carcinoma in 10 patients with a solitary kidney or bilateral tumors. Two had cancer in a solitary kidney (contralateral kidney was nephrectomized for benign disease) and 8 had bilateral renal tumors, 3 and 5 of the latter 8 patients being asynchronous and synchronous, respectively. The kidney preserving surgery included partial nephrectomy in 3 patients and enucleation in 7 patients and was performed in situ and ex vivo followed by renal autotransplantation in 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Of the 10 patients, 4 are still alive after 2 years and 11 months-5 years and 6 months. Death occurred in 6 patients. Excluding one non-resectable patient and 2 patients of non-cancer death, 3 patients survived for 3 years-8 years and 8 months. The 10 patients, excluding one non-resectable, showed actuarial survival rates of 89, 89 and 63.3% for 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively, and excluding patients of non-cancer death, the above rates were 100, 100 and 85.7%, respectively. Postoperative local recurrence was found in 1 of 3 patients of partial resection and 2 of 7 patients of enucleation, and the latter 2 patients were those who had synchronous bilateral tumors and underwent renal autotransplantation following enucleation of a number of tumor nodules from seemingly less involved kidneys and contralateral radical nephrectomy; recurrence in the grafted kidney was already observable in the early postoperative period, which indicated re-growth of the residual tumor rather than recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinicopathological studies and flow cytometric analysis on renal cell carcinoma after incidental finding].

Of 173 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at the Keio University Hospital between 1979 and 1989, 48 cases were found to have their tumors incidentally (group 1), and the remaining patients presented with signs and/or symptoms related to their tumors (group 2). In this study we attempted to define the clinicopathological and ploidy characteristics of the tumors in the patients of the two groups. The number of patients having tumor stages not exceeding pT2NOMOV- was significantly higher in group 1 (81.3%) than in group 2 (36.0%) (p less than 0.001), and the median tumor size was significantly smaller in group 1 (4.32 +/- 2.38 cm) than in group 2 (7.86 +/- 4.07 cm) (p less than 0.001). The survival rate in group 1 was significantly favorable when compared with group 2 (p less than 0.005). And even in the same stage (pT1-2NOMOV-) there were statistical significance in the survival and relapse rate between the two groups (p less than 0.05), which indicate that renal cell carcinomas detected incidentally are associated with biologically low malignant potential. From 1985, flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in 32 tumors from the group 1 and in 50 from the group 2. The frequency of occurrence of aneuploid pattern was significantly lower in tumors from the group 1 (25.0% in the overall patients and 16.0% in those with stage pT1-2NOMOV- tumors of group 1) than in those from the group 2 (52.0% in the overall patients and 42.9% in those with stage pT1-2NOMOV- tumors) (p less than 0.05). These results also suggest that renal cell carcinomas detected incidentally are associated with low malignant potential biologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy using balloon dilation].

Balloon dilation of the prostatic urethra was performed for the management of benign prostatic hypertrophy. The patients selected were mainly high risk patients who were poor surgical candidates for transurethral resection of the prostate. Ten patients between 61 and 87 years old with a mean age of 77.8 years were treated. Of the 10 patients 6 had urinary retention. The procedures were performed under spinal anesthesia, using 75 Fr dilation balloon for 10 minutes twice at 3 atmospheres. In a couple of months after treatments, 5 patients showed improvement in both uroflowmetry and clinical symptoms. Three patients revealed improvement of clinical symptoms only and 2 were in vain. One year after treatment, 3 out of 6 patients had persistent improvement. Balloon dilation of prostatic urethra was safe and showed promising effectiveness for high risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Disorder of serum electrolytes following CAP therapy].

Combination chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin (CAP) is one of the most effective chemotherapies for ovarian cancer. Severe vomiting induced by this treatment may cause a disorder of the serum electrolytes. Severe hyponatremia was observed in one patient who complained of convulsions and unconsciousness. Accordingly we studied the disorder of serum electrolytes in 158 courses of CAP treatment (44 patients) during the five years from 1984 to 1988. The serum electrolytes were influenced by the amount of vomiting in this study. Consequently frequent examination of serum electrolytes is necessary during this treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

[Relation of mass screening blood pressure to usual 24-hour working day blood pressure variation and left ventricular hypertrophy].

Fifty-three regularly employed hypertensive men (HT group) aged 38 to 68 years, whose blood pressure measured at a health evaluation clinic was systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95, and 21 age-matched normal controls (NC group), whose SBP was less than 140 and DBP was less than 90 had their blood pressure monitored over 24 hours during a usual working day. Age and clinical pressure were 53.1 +/- 7.1 years (mean +/- SD) and 147 +/- 18/97 +/- 10 mmHg (SBP/DBP) in the HT group, and 52.7 +/- 8.9 and 117 +/- 8/78 +/- 7 in the NC group. In the HT group, blood pressure during work (146/96 mmHg) was similar to clinical blood pressure, while blood pressure at home (135/89 mmHg) was considerably lower than clinic measured values. In contrast, blood pressure variabilities in the NC group during non-sleep hours were less, and clinical measurement was lower than that at home (122/80 mmHg), and during work (126/82 mmHg). For those examined by echocardiogram (46 in HT and 21 in NC), end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness (LVT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) correlated most strongly with pressure during work by partial correlation analysis with age as a covariant (LVT:: SBP: r = 0.47, DBP: r = 0.53 both p less than 0.001, and LVMI:: SBP: r = 0.29, DBP: r = 0.25 both p less than 0.25). Clinical blood pressure as well as blood pressure at home and during sleep correlated significantly with LVT. These findings suggest that the blood pressure measurements obtained at a mass screening clinic, although infrequent, have important implications in relation to cardiac organ damage and for providing an estimate of blood pressure during work for hypertensives.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Blood pressure levels, related factors, and hypertension control status of Japanese and Americans.

Blood pressure levels and related factors in Japanese, US whites and US blacks aged 30 to 74 years were compared, using data from the similarly designed national survey of each country in a similar period, i.e., the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders of Japan, 1980 (10,897 persons from all over Japan) and the second National Health and Nutrition Survey of the US, 1976 to 1980 (NHANES-II) (16,204 persons from all over the USA). Data collection methods were judged to be comparable. Data were stratified by age (30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-74 yrs) and sex. Age-specific and age-adjusted mean systolic BPs of Japanese were generally higher than those of US whites; mean diastolic pressures were similar in the two populations in both men and women. Mean weight and body mass index (BMI) and their standard deviations were lower for Japanese than Americans. In US blacks, BP was higher than in Japanese or in US whites for diastolic in men, and for both systolic and diastolic in women. Systolic BP levels of black men were between those of Japanese and US whites. At specific levels of BMI, Japanese systolic BPs were markedly higher than those of US whites in all age-sex groups, and diastolic pressures were higher in Japanese than in US whites, slightly so at younger ages and more so at ages 60 and over in both sexes. The proportions of all persons with high BP who were receiving antihypertensive treatment and who were controlled were similar in most age-sex groups of the Japanese and US white populations; they were lower in US black men and higher in US black women. In linear regression analyses of BP on BMI controlled for age, slopes were similar for Japanese and Americans. However, given the lower mean BMI and smaller BMI standard deviation (less overweight), partial correlation coefficients between BMI and BP were smaller for Japanese than Americans. These results indicate that overweight plays a lesser role in Japanese than Americans in producing high prevalence rates of hypertension and that other factors are critically involved (e.g., intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, alcohol).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Structural characterization of the somatostatin receptors on rat cerebrocortical membranes].

We characterized structurally the receptors for somatostatin in rat cerebral cortex by affinity labeling with [125I-Tyr1] somatostatin. [125I-Tyr1] somatostatin was cross-linked to cerebrocortical membranes using photoreactive cross-linker: N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxy-succinimide. Analysis by autoradiography revealed a broad band centered at Mr = 72,000 in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol. Affinity labeling of and specific [125I-Tyr1] somatostatin binding to cerebrocortical membranes were decreased similarly by adding unlabeled somatostatin or nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogue, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, in a dose dependent manner. The pretreatment of cerebrocortical membranes with islet activating protein resulted in a decrease in subsequent affinity labeling of the protein. The cross-linked protein could be solubilized with Zwittergent 3-12 and poorly with digitonin, triton X-100 and NP-40. When exposed to agarose-coupled lectins, the solubilized labeled protein was absorbed to wheat germ agglutinin, partially to ricin communis-II, and not to concanavalin A or lentil lectin. The Mr = 72,000 protein bound to wheat germ agglutinin-agarose was eluted with not only N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose but also N-acetylglucosamine. These results suggest that somatostatin receptors on cerebrocortical membranes are a monomeric glycoprotein with a Mr = 70,000 containing no disulfide-linked binding subunit, which is coupled to islet activating protein-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of radio-gas chromatography and tritium label to optimize derivatization procedures.

A sensitive determination of gas chromatographic peak yields by a new radio-gas chromatograph equipped with a synchronized accumulating radioisotope detector is described. Peak yields could be easily determined by the radio-gas chromatograph using [3H]hexadecane or [3H]androstenedione as a standard substance. The usefulness of the determination of peak yields was demonstrated by optimizing the derivatization conditions of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗