[Clinical significance of periflux blood flowmeter in diabetes clinic].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Diabetes Mellitus↗
Biomedical subjects
S Baba
Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.
[Abnormal lipoprotein composition in normolipidemic diabetic subjects].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Diabetes Mellitus↗
Noninvasive estimation of the location of the end plate in the human masseter muscle using surface electromyograms with an electrode array.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the location of the end plate in the masseter muscle, and to decide the appropriate position of surface electrodes for recording electromyograms (EMG) in humans. The subjects were 16 males who had no signs or symptoms of muscular disease. Identical electrode arrays were placed on the masseter muscles on each side. Each subject was asked to clench in the intercuspal position at various levels of maximum EMG amplitude. Eleven amplified EMGs were monitored simultaneously using a linear electrode array consisting of 12 stainless steel contacts. Various values were observed in different regions of the masseter muscle for the root mean square rectified EMG during brief isometric contraction. The superior region of the muscle had lower values than the inferior. The end-plate zone, which is in the center of the lower half of the masseter muscle, showed a lower amplitude than other regions. The propagation of motor unit action potentials was also observed. It was concluded that, aside from the end-plate zone, a position within the lower half of the muscle was most suitable for recording the surface EMG of the masseter muscle.
Adult↗
Effects of 3-deoxyglucosone on the Maillard reaction.
We investigated the effect of exogenously applied 3-deoxyglucosone, a major carbonyl intermediate, on the Maillard reaction. The fluorescence intensity of the product of the reaction of bovine serum albumin with 3-deoxyglucosone was higher than that with an equivalent amount of glucose. Similarly the rate of polymerization of lysozyme in the presence of 3-deoxyglucosone was also greater than with glucose, and collagen incubated with 3-deoxyglucosone was less digestible than collagen incubated with glucose. By contrast, aminoguanidine inhibited an increase in fluorescence of the Maillard compounds and the polymerization of protein, both of which were stimulated by 3-deoxyglucosone. These results suggest that 3-deoxyglucosone accelerates the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction and that aminoguanidine acts on 3-deoxyglucosone to inhibit its action in the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction.
Collagen↗
[The follow-up of trophoblastic disease by using an hCG-CTP enzyme immunoassay].
In the management of a chorionic disease, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the most reliable tumor marker. However, hCG has a low titer, so that it cannot be strictly distinguished from the human luteinizing hormone (hLH) by the traditional method that uses a hemagglutinin reaction (HAR) or by a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Recently, however, the detection of the beta-COOH-terminal peptide of hCG (hCG-CTP) by an enzyme immunoassay has made it possible to clearly distinguish hCG from hLH, and from April, 1987 to December, 1989, 13 trophoblastic diseases have been managed using this new technique. Results have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin-CTP, when compared to other methods of measurement, is the most sensitive tumor marker and as it is the most accurate, it should be used in careful follow-up observations of a chorionic disease.
Adult↗
[Multiple primary cancers associated with gynecologic malignancies].
Seventeen multiple primary cancers including 16 double cancers and one triple cancer were found in 316 patients with gynecologic malignancies who were treated in our department from 1984 to 1988. All pathologic slides but one were reviewed, and cases with possible metastasis or recurrence were not included in this study. The incidence of multiple primary cancers in gynecologic malignancies was 5.4%. Multiple primary cancers were encountered in 4.4% of 205 cervical cancers (including carcinoma in situ), 15.2% of 33 endometrial cancers, and 8.6% of 58 ovarian cancers (including low potential malignancy), respectively. The most frequent sites of other cancers were seen in the large intestine and rectum (5/17), breast (4/17), and gynecologic organs (3/17). Higher incidences were seen in our study that in those in domestic literature. This is probably because detailed anamnesis and gastrointestinal series were obtained in most gynecologic malignancies (especially in endometrial or ovarian cancer).
Adult↗
[Percutaneous removal of renal and upper ureteral stones: clinical results and complications of 103 cases].
We report the results and complications of 103 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral stones. The overall clinical success rate was 80.6%. For the recent 33 cases in which UL-arm fluoroscopy was used, however, the success rate was as high as 87.9%, which was considered to be due to easier establishment of percutaneous direct access. The most common complications were bleeding (18.5%), extravasation (15.5%) and fever (9.7%). Four cases with significant bleeding required arteriography, but there were no sign of arteriovenous fistula nor pseudoaneurysms in any cases. To study renal parenchymal damage in the percutaneous procedures, plasma renin activities (PRA) were compared in 54 cases after six months. However, significant elevation of PRA did not occur in any case.
Adult↗
[Effect of specific desensitization therapy in combination with an immunopotentiator, Neurotropin, on perennial nasal allergy--with special reference to mite specific IgG and IgG4 antibody levels].
We treated perennial nasal allergy with specific desensitization in combination with or without Neurotropin injections (NSP) from March 1983 to September 1984, and analyzed blood anti-mite IgG and IgG4 levels in relation to therapeutic efficacy. Desensitization and NSP were given once a week and seventy subjects (33 from the desensitization group and 37 from the desensitization + NSP group) were evaluated at 24, 36 and 48 weeks. 1) In total cases clinical usefulness showed no significant difference between the desensitization group and combined group at 24 weeks, while in "useful or more" cases significantly better results were attained in the latter at 24 weeks and 48 weeks (p less than 0.05, respectively). 2) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) specific IgG antibody showed no significant difference between both groups as well as in each group during the overall examination period. 3) In total cases both D.p. specific and D. farinae (D.f.) specific IgG4 were significantly higher in the combined group at 24 and 36 weeks (D.p.: p less than 0.01 and D.f.: p less than 0.05, respectively), whereas in "useful or more" cases only D.p. specific IgG4 showed a significant elevation in the combined group at 24 weeks (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that specific desensitization in combination with NSP can promote early production of mite specific IgG4, which tend to rise in correlation with clinical efficacy.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[An aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva].
A case of an aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva in a 38-year-old lady is reported. The tumor was gelatinous and 12 x 8 x 7 cm in size. Histologically, spindle or stellate-shaped tumor cells and blood vessels were found distributed in a myxoid stroma. It was found that the tumor cells were immunoreactive to vimentin but negative to desmin and smooth muscle specific actin. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells had an intercellular junction, an abundant, rough endemic reticulum, and intracytoplasmic filaments, but no focal densities of the filaments and the basal lamina. These findings have revealed that this tumor consisted of myofibroblastic cells resembling fibroblasts rather than myofibroblasts.
Adult↗
[Coupling of inhibitory GTP binding protein to somatostatin receptors on rat cerebrocortical membranes].
We studied the interaction between somatostatin receptors and inhibitory GTP binding protein in rat cerebrocortical membranes. Guanine nucleotides reduced [125I-Tyr1] somatostatin binding to cerebrocortical membranes in a dose-dependent manner with rank order of potency being guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) greater than GTP greater than GMP. Maximum reduction of the binding to 32% of control was observed in the presence of 10(-5) M Gpp(NH)p. Scatchard analysis of the labeled somatostatin binding revealed that the decrease in the binding by Gpp(NH)p was due to the decrease in the binding affinity for somatostatin. Divalent cations, such as Mg++, Mn++, and Ca++, caused an increase in labeled somatostatin binding to membranes with the maximum binding observed at a concentration of 10, 10, 1 mM, respectively. However, Na+ decreased a labeled somatostatin binding in a dose-dependent manner, and half maximum inhibition of the binding was observed at 10 mM Na+. Moreover, Gpp(NH)p and Na+ lowered labeled somatostatin binding in an additive fashion. When cerebrocortical membranes were treated at 37 degrees C for 40 min with various concentrations of Islet-Activating-Protein (IAP), which had been preactivated with dithiothreitol, subsequent labeled somatostatin binding to the membranes was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. 30 micrograms/ml IAP treatment caused a decrease in the binding to 50% of control, which was characterized by the decreased binding affinity without a significant change in the binding capacity. Furthermore, exposure of IAP plus NAD to cerebrocortical membranes caused ADP-ribosylation of a membrane protein with Mr = 41,000 on autoradiogram. Such an IAP treatment of cerebrocortical membranes abolished the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated increase in adenylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that somatostatin receptors in the brain couple to inhibitory GTP binding protein, which mediates adenylate cyclase inhibition by somatostatin.
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
[A study on PP family peptide receptor: I. The distribution of peptide YY (PYY) receptor in the brain].
Peptide YY (PYY) was discovered in the porcine gut by Tatemoto in 1982. PYY has recently been found in the central nervous system. This has provoked studies of PYY effects when centrally administrated. We investigated the specific binding of radioactive PYY (125I-PYY) to brain membranes in pigs and dogs. PYY chiefly bound to the hippocampus, as well as to the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and amygdala, suggesting that PYY acts on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PYY binding in the brain had a high-affinity and a low-affinity component (dissociation constant, 1.39 X 10(-10) M and 3.72 X 10(-8) M, respectively). The binding sites were highly specific for PYY and neuropeptide Y (NPY), but not for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) or other peptide hormones such as cholecystokinin octapeptide, methionine enkephalin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and thyrotropic releasing hormone. The similar affinities for PYY and NPY imply that these peptides regulate brain functions through interaction with common receptor site(s).
Amygdala↗
Protective effect of probucol on alloxan diabetes in rats.
The diabetogenic action of alloxan is known to be attenuated by several oxygen radical scavengers. The present study was conducted to see if probucol, a drug with strong free radical scavenger action, can reduce pancreatic B-cell damage induced by alloxan in male Wistar rats. After 2 weeks of a 1% probucol diet, 50 mg/kg alloxan was intravenously injected in rats (group PA, n = 34). Urine glucose of most of the injected rats not pretreated with probucol (group A, n = 22) was positive, while more than half of the rats of group PA failed to show urine glucose. The blood glucose level in group PA was significantly lower than that in group A (326 +/- 25 vs. 487 +/- 28 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). Histological examination revealed that most of the pancreatic islets of group A were degranulated, whereas a lot of islets remained unaffected in group PA. Thus, the in vivo diabetogenic action of alloxan was reduced by pretreatment with probucol, although the effect was incomplete. This effect can be explained by probucol's strong free radical scavenger action. Since accumulation of free radicals can be an initial step of B-cell damage in animal models of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, the drug can be useful for the prevention of type 1 diabetes with its long-term clinical history of safety.
Alloxan↗
[The effect of cholecystokinin antagonists on satiety induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide in dogs].
We administered two cholecystokinin antagonists to dogs intravenously (i.v.) and into the third cerebral ventricle (i.t.v.). Proglumide (3-300mg/kg/hr i.v. or 0.1-10mg/dog i.t.v.) reversed the satiety previously shown by mongrel dogs after i.t.v. CCK-8. A new glutaramic derivative, CR1409, blocked this satiety even more strongly when administered by either route. Proglumide increased proglumide levels in ventricular fluid, indicating its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, i.t.v. proglumide did not appear in the blood during the observation period. These results suggest that systemic proglumide and CR1409 act as antagonists of the central CCK receptor concerning satiety in dogs; intravenously administered proglumide was found to cross the blood-brain barrier and partially but significantly reverse the satiety caused by CCK-8.
Animals↗
Cardiovascular and pupillary light reflexes in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance.
It is well known that in diabetes mellitus autonomic neuropathy frequently develops. This is usually determined by the cardiovascular reflex. Furthermore, even in borderline cases that have not become overt diabetes, we have already reported the presence of autonomic neuropathy as assessed by the pupillary light reflex. However, a relationship between the impairments of the cardiovascular and pupillary light reflexes is not clear, especially in people with abnormal glucose tolerance. In the present study diabetics were divided into three groups according to the results of their cardiac beat-to-beat variation (BBV) tests and Schellong tests; group I had no abnormality of these cardiovascular reflexes, group II had abnormal BBV scores and normal Schellong test scores, and group III had abnormal responses to both tests. People with borderline diabetes (B-DM) were free from any impairment of their cardiovascular reflexes. We examined their pupillary light reflexes. Age-matched non-diabetics were also studied as a control. The following results were obtained. (1) Compared to controls, (a) diabetics, but not borderline diabetics, had smaller pupils before photic stimulation (A1) and lower maximum dilatation velocities (VD). These illustrate sympathetic function; (b) diabetics and borderline diabetics had lower amplitudes of constriction (A3) and maximum constriction velocities (VC). These illustrate parasympathetic function; (c) borderline diabetics and those diabetics belonging to group III experienced a lower pupillary constriction rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Effects of neuromedin B and neuromedin C on insulin release from isolated perfused rat pancreas].
Neuromedin B and neuromedin C are novel decapeptides that have recently been isolated from porcine spinal cord and canine intestinal mucosa. We have studied the effects of neuromedin B and neuromedin C on insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The effect of neuromedin B was detectable at a concentration of 10mM, and that of neuromedin C was detectable at a concentration of 1nM. Further increase in the concentration of neuromedin B and neuromedin C resulted in dose-dependent increases in insulin secretion. The effectiveness of neuromedin B and neuromedin C as insulinotropic agents depended on the glucose concentration; both were more effective at a higher concentration of glucose. However, insulinotropic effects of these peptides in the presence of 8.3mM glucose were limited to the first 3 min of a 20-min perfusion. These results, coupled with a recent study demonstrating bombesin-like immunoreactivity in nerves in the pancreas, suggest that neuromedin B and neuromedin C exert a direct local action on insulin secretion in the pancreas.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Role of a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein in exocrine pancreatic secretion--effects of cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on cholecystokinin action].
We have recently shown that F- can mimic the actions of cholecystokinin (CCK) on amylase release, Ca2+ mobilization and inositol phosphate generation in pancreatic acinar cells. We have concluded, therefore, that pancreatic CCK receptors may be coupled to the activation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis by a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N protein), which seems to be sensitive to F-. In the present study, in order to further characterize this N protein coupled to pancreatic CCK receptors, we have examined the effects of bacterial toxins, pertussis toxin (PT) and cholera toxin (CT) on both CCK- and NaF-induced cellular responses in isolated rat pancreatic acini. Neither PT or CT pretreatment of acini affected both CCK- and NaF-stimulated increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration monitored by quin2. Furthermore, pretreatments of acini with PT and CT didn't alter the effects of CCK on inositol phosphate generation in acini. Similarly, NaF-induced inositol phosphate generation was not changed by these toxin treatments. However, pretreatment procedures employed in this study were considered to catalyze complete ADP-ribosylation of alpha-subunit of the stimulatory (Ns) and inhibitory (Ni) N protein. These results, therefore, strongly suggest that a N protein coupling pancreatic CCK receptors to the breakdown of polyphosphoinositide may be distinct from Ns or Ni like protein.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Destruction of pancreatic islet cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonobese diabetic mice.
Proliferation of islet-associated leukocytes occurred when isolated islets from 20-wk-old female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were cultured with 10 U/ml rIL-2 for 7 days. Co-culture of these leukocytes with freshly isolated islets from 6- to 8-wk-old NOD donors in the presence of 1 U/ml rIL-2 produced islet structural deformation within 24 h and islet cytolysis within 48 h. Three lines of evidence suggest that these leukocytes were composed mainly of CTL specific for islet cells. First, morphologically, these proliferating cells adhered to NOD islets at 6 h and killed islets within 48 h of culture, but these phenomena could not be observed in the other tissues from NOD mice. These islet-derived cells were cytotoxic to NOD islet cells in a 51Cr-release assay, whereas no appreciable cytotoxicity was observed when NOD Con A-induced splenic blasts or fibroblasts were used as targets. Second, a flow cytometric analysis showed that these cells consisted of 97% Thy-1.2, 69% Lyt-2, 8% L3T4, and 4% asialo-GM1-positive cells, whereas Mac-1-positive cells could not be seen in these assays. After treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 or Lyt-2 mAb and C, these cells lost their activity to lyse NOD islet cells. However, these cells still had a full killing activity after the depletion of L3T4 or asialo GM1-positive cells. Third, islet cells from BALB/c, DBA/2, and B10.GD mice which share the same H-2K Ag with NOD mice were susceptible to cytolytic activity of these cells, whereas islet cells from NON, C57BL/6, C57BL/10, and C3H mice remained intact. Furthermore, anti-Kd antibody was capable of blocking this cytolysis. These results suggest that CTL expressing Thy-1.2 and Lyt-2 phenotypes appear to recognize the islet cell Ag with the restriction of MHC class I Kd, and then destroy NOD islet cells.
Animals↗
Radio-gas chromatography.
Radio-gas chromatography (RGC) is a technique that combines the advantages of radioisotope tracer techniques with those of gas chromatography. The constitution and performance of RGC systems in common use are described. The relationships between the chromatographic resolution and detection sensitivity are discussed in a simplified form. Recent developments in RGC systems during the last decade are reviewed. A new detector system, named synchronized accumulating radioisotope detector, which makes it possible to improve the detection sensitivity without decreasing the chromatographic resolution, is discussed. Applications of RGC in the life sciences are briefly presented.
Chemistry, Clinical↗