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Biomedical subjects

S Baba

Publications and source records attributed to S Baba.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ultrasonic flowmetry and neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser for nephrolithotomy.

Intraoperative Doppler flowmetry was used for localization of the intrarenal arteries. To reduce blood loss during nephrolithotomy, a neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser beam was used clinically as a cutting instrument. The combination of intraoperative localization of intrarenal arteries by Doppler flowmetry and cutting through renal parenchyma using the neodymium-YAG laser beam was used in 7 patients with stag-horn calculi or recurrent stones. The average blood loss was only 185 ml. Postoperative renal function was normal. Intravenous pyelograms revealed prompt function and no evidence of contrast extravasation. The data indicate that this technique is effective, diminishes blood loss, and does not impair renal function.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

A method for the preparation of calibration curves for acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate in rabbit urine without use of authentic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method for the preparation of calibration curves for acetaminophen glucuronide (NAPAG) and acetaminophen sulfate (NAPAS) in rabbit urine without use of authentic compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography was examined. Rabbits were dosed intravenously with acetaminophen (NAPA, 30 mg/kg). Urine was collected and diluted. A plot of the peak area ratio of NAPAG to internal standard against NAPA concentration after the hydrolysis of diluted urine with beta-glucuronidase was linear and passed through the origin. A linear tendency was also observed in the plot of the peak area ratio of NAPAS to internal standard against NAPA concentration calculated by the difference between the peak area ratio of NAPA after the hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and that with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. Thus, once the calibration curve has been prepared following the enzyme hydrolysis of NAPAG and NAPAS, then the concentration of NAPAG and NAPAS in the sample solution can be calculated from the peak of NAPAG and NAPAS, respectively. The method is simple, and has the advantage that pure standards of the individual NAPA metabolites are not required.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative study of the activating effects of recombinant human interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma on cell-mediated cytotoxicity against renal cell carcinoma in vitro].

The effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against established human renal carcinoma cell lines KU-2 and Caki 1, and freshly prepared human renal carcinoma cells were compared in vitro. After incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal adult volunteers with IL-2 and IFN-gamma over a range of concentrations, cytotoxicity was determined by 4-h 51Cr-release assay. Augmentation of cytotoxicity by IL-2 and IFN-gamma was dose-and time-dependent. IL-2 induced significantly greater cytotoxicity against renal carcinoma cells than did IFN-gamma. The optimal dose of IL-2 was 100 to 500 units/ml, and cytotoxicity was increased even at concentrations as low as 4 units/ml. The results indicated that the systemic administration of IL-2 to patients will be effective for treatment of renal cell carcinoma which is resistant to interferon therapy. A continuous infusion or multiple repeated bolus doses over a period of one day, however, should be considered in order to maintain high levels of IL-2 in the serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A parallel comparative double blind study of cefixime with cefaclor in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media in children].

A double blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephem with cefaclor (CCL) in the treatment of 245 children weighing 10 approximately 30 kg, with acute suppurative otitis media. The daily dosages of CFIX and CCL were 3 approximately 6 mg/kg in 2 divided portions, and 20 approximately 40 mg/kg in 3 divided portions, respectively, and the drugs were administered for 7 days. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. Analyzed subjects were 211 patients (CFIX group: 108 patients, CCL group: 103 patients) for clinical efficacy. Efficacy rates judged by the doctor in charge were 88.9% and 83.5% in CFIX and CCL group, respectively, without significant difference between the 2 groups. Similar results were also obtained by the committee. When clinical effects were classified by clinical isolates, the efficacy rates against monomicrobial infections with Gram-negative bacteria were judged by the doctor in charge to be 100% in the CFIX group and 84.6% in the CCL group. Thus CFIX was judged to be significantly superior to CCL (P less than 0.05). The overall eradication rates of bacteria were 97.1% in the CFIX group and 90.3% in the CCL group. The eradication rate of CFIX was significantly superior to that of CCL (P less than 0.05). When improvements of individual symptoms were evaluated, regarding redness of the tympanic membrane and the tympanic cavity on the 3rd day of dosing, CFIX group (improvement in 84.1% of the cases) was significantly superior (P less than 0.05) to the CCL group (67.6%). Regarding purulent secretion on the 7th day of dosing, the CFIX group (improvement in 98.1% of the cases) was also significantly superior (P less than 0.05) to the CCL group (91.3%). Two hundred thirty eight patients were analyzed for side effects (CFIX group: 120 patients, CCL group: 118 patients). The incidence rates of side effects were 0.8% (1/120) in the CFIX group and 1.7% (2/118) in the CCL group, and there was no significant difference between the 2 drugs. From the above results, it is concluded that CFIX is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media in children. Furthermore, CFIX is expected to be equal or superior to CCL in clinical effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Urinary retention secondary to herpes zoster].

We present a case of urinary retention and constipation secondary to Herpes zoster in the distribution of the second and third sacral dermatomes in a 68-year-old woman. Vesical irritability was not observed. Cystometry revealed a flaccid type bladder. Cell count of spinal fluid increased but clinical symptoms and physical findings of myelitis were not observed. A Foley catheter was left indwelling for five days due to urinary retention. After removal of the catheter, bladder paresis gradually improved. Skin eruption and disturbance of urination completely improved about three weeks later. Forty-seven cases of bladder involvement secondary to Herpes zoster including our case have been reported in the Japanese literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The effect of reduced alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a randomised, controlled, single blind study.

A randomised, controlled, single blind trial was conducted in office workers with mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 to 180 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 to 110 mmHg) to determine the effect of decreasing alcohol consumption. After a baseline examination, 50 male volunteers aged 30 to 59 were randomised to two groups. Group A were told to abstain from or reduce alcohol consumption for two weeks, while group B were instructed to maintain their usual alcohol consumption. Complete records were obtained on 49 subjects. The daily alcohol consumption of groups A and B at baseline was similar, i.e. 71.9 ml and 72.5 ml of ethanol, respectively, and changed to 16.1 ml and 62.9 ml, respectively, during the experiment. After two weeks, group A were asked to resume their normal consumption whilst group B were asked to reduce or abstain (phase II). However in view of a treatment period interaction, statistical analysis was confined to phase I. During phase I, group A, whose alcohol consumption had reduced, showed decreases of 5.8 and 7.1 mmHg in SBP during the the first and second weeks, respectively. In group B, these decreases were only 0.6 and 1.9 mmHg, respectively. The difference between the falls in SBP in groups A and B was significant (P = 0.005) as judged by analysis of variance. The DBP also decreased, but there was no significant difference between the decreases in the two groups. Changes in gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, a biochemical marker of alcohol consumption, from the initial values to the end of phase I were significantly different in groups A and B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Improvement of autonomic neuropathy after mecobalamin treatment in uremic patients on hemodialysis.

The effect of mecobalamin on autonomic neuropathy was evaluated in 20 hemodialyzed uremic patients; their mean age was 53 years and the duration of hemodialysis was 6.5 years; 14 were women. The cardiac beat-to-beat variation (BBV) was used as the measure of autonomic neuropathy. Twelve patients with normal BBV test results were either given 1,500 micrograms of mecobalamin daily for three months (six patients) or were untreated (six patients). The BBV test results did not change significantly over the three months in either the treated or untreated group, nor were there any significant between-group differences. Eight patients with abnormal results on the BBV test were given 1,500 micrograms of mecobalamin daily for six months. The mean BBV values increased significantly from 3.3 beats/min before treatment to 5.8 beats/min at six months (P less than 0.005); five of these patients (including three of the four patients with diabetes) showed normal BBV values by three months. It is concluded that mecobalamin can be used in the treatment of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗