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Biomedical subjects

S Babcock

Publications and source records attributed to S Babcock.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Animal welfare and international trade.

Globalisation is becoming a force that is revolutionising international trade, particularly that of animals and animal products. There is increasing interest in animal welfare worldwide, and as part of its 2001-2005 Strategic Plan the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) identified the development of international standards on animal welfare as a priority. The OIE's scientific approach to standard-setting provides the foundation for the development, and acceptance by all OIE Member Countries, of these animal welfare guidelines. The paper discusses how these guidelines on animal welfare can be implemented, both within the provisions of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements and within the framework of voluntary codes of conduct. Even if animal welfare guidelines are not covered by any WTO agreements in the future, bi- and multilateral agreements, voluntary corporate codes, and transparent labelling of products should result in a progressive acceptance of OIE guidelines. Ultimately, consumer demands and demonstrable gains in animal production will result in an incremental evolution in animal welfare consciousness and adherence to international standards.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2001

The efficacy of fluoxetine in improving physical symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of fluoxetine in alleviating physical symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. DESIGN: Randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel study. SETTING: Canadian University based outpatient clinics. Participants Four hundred and five subjects, of whom 320 with prospectively determined premenstrual dysphoric disorder were randomised. METHODS: Randomised women were assigned to fluoxetine 20 or 60 mg/day or placebo. Common physical symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder including breast tenderness, bloating, and headache were evaluated by visual analog scales and the self-rated and observer premenstrual tension syndrome scales. OUTCOME MEASURES: Luteal phase change from mean baseline scores to mean treatment scores for all scales. RESULTS: Fluoxetine treatment was statistically superior to placebo, with no significant differences between the two fluoxetine dosages in their effects on physical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Daily fluoxetine treatment is superior to placebo in improving the most common physical symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hemodialysis urea rebound: the effect of increasing dialysis efficiency.

Urea rebound has been documented to occur after hemodialysis, but the magnitude and causes are not clearly defined. In this study we evaluated the effect of high-flux hemodialysis on urea rebound and Kt/V. Blood urea nitrogen samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after hemodialysis in 49 patients. Rebound was evaluated with respect to dialysis efficiency, dialysis treatment time, the occurrence of hypotension, and hematocrit. Urea rebound was significant and resulted in an overall decrease in Kt/V from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 1.0 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.001). Of the 45 patients with a measured Kt/V of greater than 1.0, 40% had an actual delivered Kt/V of less than 1.0 once rebound was taken into account. Urea rebound correlated strongly with dialysis efficiency but not with hypotension, suggesting that rebound resulted primarily from delayed urea mass transfer across cell membranes. We conclude that increasing dialysis efficiency increases urea rebound and increases the error in Kt/V determinations from single pool urea kinetics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

The effect of calcium channel blockers on the cyclosporine dose requirement in renal transplant recipients.

Thirteen patients found to be hypertensive following renal transplantation were treated with either a calcium channel blocker or other antihypertensive therapy for control of blood pressure. Immunosuppression was either with cyclosporine and prednisone alone or with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. Patients had weekly or biweekly cyclosporine whole-blood levels measured by radioimmunoassay drawn approximately 12 h after their last dose. Patients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone alone had their cyclosporine dosage adjusted to maintain their cyclosporine level between 400 and 900 ng/mL between 1 and 6 months following transplantation. Patients treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone had their cyclosporine level adjusted to be between 100 and 400 ng/mL during this same time period. Cyclosporine levels were significantly higher in verapamil-treated patients and significantly lower in nifedipine-treated patients as compared to controls. The dose of cyclosporine administered was significantly lower in the verapamil-treated patients and higher in the nifedipine-treated patients than controls. Normalizing the whole-blood cyclosporine level for the dose of cyclosporine, and verapamil-treated patients had a significantly greater, and the nifedipine-treated patients a significantly lower value than control patients. These data suggest the verapamil treatment results in significantly higher levels of cyclosporine whereas nifedipine therapy may actually result in lower cyclosporine levels for a given dose of cyclosporine than seen in patients not exposed to these drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The allograft response.

The allograft response is a response by host T lymphocytes reacting to transplantation antigens that are carried on allogeneic lymphoreticuler cells. In vivo this response usually leads to graft rejection. It is possible to circumvent this response by the elimination of the lymphoreticular cells from the grafts prior to transplantation. The paradox of the strong response to transplantation antigen on lymphoreticular cells and the weak response to the same antigen on graft parenchymal cells can be explained by the signaling requirements for T lymphocyte activation.

Animals↗