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Biomedical subjects

S Balogh

Publications and source records attributed to S Balogh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Separation of strength and selectivity of mobile phase by spectral mapping technique.

The retention behaviour of seven monotetrazolium and nine ditetrazolium salts was studied in seven different mobile phases on alumina and impregnated alumina stationary phases. The strength and selectivity of the components of mobile phases were separately calculated by the spectral mapping technique. It was established that tetrahydrofuran (THF) has the highest solvent strength while the differences among ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and dioxane were relatively low. The selectivity of THF was also considerably different from those of other solvents. Hydrophobicity and electronic parameters were equally involved in the retention strength and selectivity of tetrazolium salts, indicating the mixed character of their interaction with the alumina stationary phase.

Sensitivity and Specificity↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of partial least-square method and canonical correlation analysis in a quantitative structure-retention relationship study.

The retention of 7 monotetrazolium and 9 ditetrazolium salts was determined on alumina and reversed-phase (RP) alumina layers using n-hexane-1-propanol and water-1-propanol mixtures as eluents. The retention capacity and the specific surface area of solutes in contact with the stationary phases were calculated. The relationship between retention characteristics and physicochemical parameters of solutes was elucidated by canonical correlation analysis and partial least-square regression analysis. Both methods found significant relationships between the chromatographic and physicochemical parameters, however, the results were different according to the method applied. Calculations suggested that the retention on both alumina and RP alumina layers is of mixed character, hydrophobic, electronic and steric parameters are equally involved in the retention.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1997

Three countries' experience with Norplant introduction.

Despite international efforts to plan for Norplant introduction, the method has drawn the attention of critics of family planning programmes, and has raised several issues for debate since it was introduced into family planning programmes. The experiences of three countries with the introduction of Norplant highlight some of the unique features of the method that have affected its introduction. Indonesia, Bangladesh and the United States represent diverse cultural settings and systems of family planning provision. Experience in each country has highlighted the need to focus on quality of care for clients, most notably the need for good counselling and attention to removal as well as insertion. The cost of Norplant also has influenced its introduction in each country. Another issue includes the need to work with women's health advocacy groups, which is illustrated particularly in Bangladesh. Finally, the role of litigation in the United States, and its potential role in influencing Norplant introduction in other countries, is discussed. These three countries' experience illustrate the importance of understanding the programmatic context of contraceptive introduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Five-year evaluation of safety, efficacy and acceptability of Norplant implants in Nepal.

This paper presents findings based on a five-year, noncomparative study of Norplant contraceptive subdermal implants in Nepal. The study was designed to evaluate the contraceptive safety, efficacy, and overall acceptability of Norplant. Four hundred and seven women enrolled in the clinical trial, which began in 1985, at two study sites, located in Patan and Kathmandu. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 3 and 6 months after Norplant insertion and every six months thereafter until removal or at the end of five years. Although five pregnancies were reported during the study, only two women (one from each center) were diagnosed as becoming pregnant while using Norplant. The pooled gross cumulative life-table pregnancy rate was 0.6 per 100 women at the end of five years. The pooled cumulative continuation rate was 62 per 100 women at the end of five years. The three most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation were menstrual problems, personal reasons, and medical reasons. Of the 125 women who completed a five-year user satisfaction questionnaire, the majority of the women (86%) planned to continue using contraception after study completion. Of these women, almost one half said they planned to use a second Norplant set. The findings suggest that the Norplant system is a safe, effective, and acceptable method of contraception among Nepalese women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Conditioned taste aversion induced by fluoxetine.

The present study assessed the ability of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) and lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to a novel 20% sucrose solution. FLX (2, 5, or 8 mg/kg) or LiCl (10 mg/kg) was administered 30 min after an initial exposure to the solution. A single-bottle test of CTA 24 h after the initial exposure indicated that rats that received FLX, at any dose, or LiCl consumed significantly less solution than did those that received a vehicle treatment following the initial exposure. To examine the possibility that decreased consumption during the CTA test exposure was associated with lasting hypophagia and/or hypodipsia induced by FLX, separate groups of rats, without any prior exposure to the solution, were administered FLX (2, 5, or 8 mg/kg) and given access 24 h later to a 20% sucrose solution. FLX failed to suppress consumption of the solution at any dose. These data suggest that FLX induces an aversive drug state in rats, similar to that induced by LiCl, which serves as a potent conditioned stimulus in CTA. In addition, this CTA is independent of FLX-induced hypophagia and/or hypodipsia. The relevance of these results to the study of hypophagia induced by FLX administration is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Amplitude/intensity functions of auditory event-related potentials predict responsiveness to bupropion in major depressive disorder.

Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and enrolled in an open-label safety surveillance study of a sustained release formulation of bupropion hydrochloride (100 to 300 mg/day) were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) immediately before and 6 to 12 weeks after the initiation of drug treatment. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under a stimulus intensity modulation paradigm were also obtained at these times. Patients were classified as responders and nonresponders based on post-treatment HAM-D scores, with responders having HAM-D scores less than 10 and nonresponders having scores greater than 10. Consistent with our previous findings, responders exhibited significantly larger positive slope coefficients for P2 ERP component amplitudes as a function of auditory stimulus intensity obtained at baseline and were not affected by bupropion treatment. Thus, these results further support our previous finding that ERP amplitude/intensity functions measured under a stimulus intensity modulation paradigm provide information about the likelihood of a positive therapeutic response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients with MDD and extends these results to bupropion, a pharmacologically atypical antidepressant agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Expression of gap junctions in cultured rat L6 cells during myogenesis.

Although gap junctions are absent from adult skeletal muscle, they have been described in embryonic and neonatal rat skeletal muscle and in cultured rat myoblasts. In order to determine the precise developmental expression and molecular composition of gap junctions during myogenesis, RNA was isolated from cultures of rat L6 myoblasts and examined using Northern blot analysis with cDNA probes specific for connexin32 and connexin43. Connexin32 mRNA could not be detected in rat myoblast and myotube samples. However, connexin43 mRNA was expressed at high levels in cycling L6 myoblasts and this expression decreased by approximately 60% in L6 myotubes following fusion. Immunofluorescent localization with an antibody specific for connexin43 confirmed the accumulation of connexin43 protein in membranes shared between adjacent myoblasts at 12 hr of culture. By 24 hr of culture, connexin43 disappeared from most cells, only to reappear at 36 hr at a low level that was maintained through 72 hr in culture. Although most myoblasts in these cultures expressed connexin43, myotubes expressed little or no membrane-associated connexin43. Dye transfer experiments established that, at 12 hr of culture, the majority of myoblasts were dye coupled suggesting that connexin43 protein is assembled into functional gap junctions. At 24 hr, the number of coupled cells decreased slightly, while at 48 hr, most of the myoblasts were not dye coupled. These results demonstrate that the expression of connexin43 is temporally correlated with myoblast fusion and may play a role in this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Increases in heart rate variability with successful treatment in patients with major depressive disorder.

We obtained Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores and recorded 5 minutes of rhythm strip both before and after a therapeutic trial of antidepressant medications in 17 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of interbeat intervals and the mean squared successive difference (MSSD) as measures of heart-rate variability (HRV). We then calculated Spearman rank-ordered correlation coefficients between the HRV measures and the HAM-D scores. Changes in SD and MSSD correlated with post-treatment HAM-D scores and with changes in HAM-D scores. These relationships were strongest in patients who responded positively to nontricyclic antidepressant medications. HRV before treatment was not predictive of treatment response, nor did HRV reliably reflect the severity of depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that pharmacologic treatment leading to improvement in MDD is associated with increased HRV. Hence, brief measures of HRV could be developed as a useful adjunctive, physiologic measure of treatment response to pharmacotherapy in clinical trials and other settings. Further, increased HRV associated with successful treatment of MDD may reflect improved autonomic function, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality found in patients with MDD.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The progestin-only oral contraceptive--its place in postpartum contraception.

The progestin-only oral contraceptive (POC) is not a widely-used method of contraception, possibly due to competition from other contemporary contraceptive methods or misunderstanding and prejudices among clients and/or service providers. Because of its underuse, the POC, as a contraceptive method, is under-studied. This article evaluates the general merits of the POC and its disadvantages relative to combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and other contraceptive methods, specifically during the postpartum period and particularly for breastfeeding women. We find that the POC appears to be a safe and acceptable contraceptive method for postpartum women who are fully or nearly fully breastfeeding at six months postpartum or when menstruation returns. The POC could be considered for use at any time by non-breastfeeding postpartum women. The need for empirical studies of the POC is also discussed.

Contraception↗
PubMed1989

Effect of Norplant contraceptive use on hemoglobin, packed cell volume and menstrual bleeding patterns.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of NORPLANT use on hemoglobin levels (HB), packed cell volume (PCV) and menstrual bleeding patterns. NORPLANT insertions were performed on 50 healthy volunteers in Ilorin, Nigeria, between January-March 1986. Whole blood samples were collected at admission, 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits, and each acceptor was asked to keep a daily bleeding calendar. Mean age of the acceptors was 32.8 years with a mean parity of 5.3 live births. Almost 50% of the acceptors indicated that they did not want any more children. After 12 month's follow-up, there were a total of three discontinuations, two for excessive menstrual bleeding and one due to husband's objection. Mean HB and PCV values remained relatively unchanged from admission to 12 months. Nearly 50% of the women experienced at least one episode of 8 or more days of continuous bleeding during the first six months of use, and about 20% reported amenorrhea of 90 or more days. Despite the incidence of menstrual bleeding irregularities, acceptability of the NORPLANT method was high as indicated by a 1-year continuation rate of 93.7 per 100 users. Clinically more important was the finding that despite a high proportion of women reporting menstrual pattern changes, HB and PCV levels remained unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interval insertion of intrauterine device in women with previous cesarean section.

The cesarean delivery rate is increasing worldwide. The effect of previous cesarean section on the performance of IUDs is considered in a group of 318 women with 1+ cesarean deliveries who were matched by center, device type, age and parity with 617 women with no history of cesarean section. All insertions were performed at least six weeks after termination of the woman's last pregnancy. No statistically significant differences in expulsion rates or other pertinent event rates were detected. Two delayed uterine perforations, one in each group, were identified. The findings are, in general, reassuring for the efficacy and safety of interval insertion of IUDs in women with previous cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Post-cesarean section insertion of intrauterine devices.

Among 52 women who delivered by cesarean section in a medical center in Beijing, China and had either a Delta Loop or Delta T intrauterine device (IUD) inserted manually through the incision wound, the expulsion rates were significantly lower than among a comparable group of 147 women who both delivered and had the IUD inserted vaginally (4.1 versus 20.5 per 100 women at six months post-insertion). Since the cesarean delivery rate is increasing worldwide, we deem this preliminary finding important for postpartum contraception programs and urge further studies.

Adult↗