Pre-eruption herpes zoster myelitis.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
S Banavali
Publications and source records attributed to S Banavali.
Report of an International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research workshop on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in developing countries.
The International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research (INCTR) recently organized a workshop on non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) in selected developing countries with the purpose of examining existing information relating to the pathology and management of these neoplasms, and identifying potential areas for research. This report provides a summary of the information presented and is focused primarily on the pathology of NHLs in children and adults. In most countries, the WHO classification of lymphomas was used and most participating centers included immunohistochemistry using a wide array of lymphoid antibodies as part of routine diagnosis. Some of the series had been reviewed by an external panel of experts. B-cell lymphomas accounted for 82-88% of all NHLs. The proportions of chronic lymphatic leukemia (4-6%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, 3-5%), and plasmacytoma (2-4%) were similar in the series presented. However, there was a significant variation in the proportion of follicular lymphoma (FL), which accounted for 15% and 11% in India and Kuwait, but less than 5% in Pakistan and Egypt. All of these frequencies are significantly lower than those reported in Western series. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounted for about 35% of cases in India but for more 50% in other countries, but this difference was not accounted for by an increased incidence in a single lymphoma subtype in India, but rather an apparent paucity of several subtypes (such as mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas (MZL)) in other series. There were relatively high frequencies of Burkitt lymphoma in Egypt (7%) and precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in India (6-7%). Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) (not otherwise specified and angioimmunoblastic subtypes) accounted for 3-5% of NHLs, and extranodal lymphoma of T/NK cell type was rare (<1%). These differences in the relative proportions of NHL subtypes among developing countries and between developing countries and the rest of the world presumably arise from differences in environmental and genetic factors that influence lymphomagenesis and strongly suggest that more research in developing countries would provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of lymphoid neoplasms.
Adult↗
The CD34 hemopoietic progenitor cell associated antigen: biology and clinical applications.
CD34, which was first detected in hemopoietic and lymphopoietic progenitors, is a heavily glycosylated Type I transmembrane protein that does not share any significant similarity with other transmembrane proteins. Its functions are still unknown. Several monoclonal antibodies were raised against CD34, and at least 4 different epitopes could be recognized. CD34 expression is confined to a few cell lines, to 1-4% of adult bone marrow mononuclear cells (including marrow-repopulating cells, all multipotent and committed myeloid progenitors, B and T lymphoid precursors, osteoclast precursors, and most likely the precursors for stromal cells), and to less than 1% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In non-lymphohemopoietic tissues its expression is confined to endothelial cells and to some cells of the skin. In malignancies, CD34 expression is not fully elucidated. Immature hemolymphopoietic malignancies (namely acute leukemias) and the blast cells of chronic myeloid leukemia are frequently positive. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas are negative. Among other tumors, only vascular derived tumors are positive. Clinical applications of CD34+ cells include autologous transplantation of putative CD34+ stem cells isolated by positive selection from the bone marrow, and transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells, using the proportion and number of CD34+ cells as a guideline for the harvesting procedure.
Antibodies↗
CD34-positive cell selection by immunomagnetic beads and chymopapain.
BACKGROUND: Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, progenitors of all hemolymphopoietic lineages, and clonogenic cells from many patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) express the CD34 antigen on their surface. Isolation of these cell populations is of primary experimental and clinical importance. METHODS: Six bone marrow (BM) and 10 peripheral blood (PB) samples were obtained from 2 normal individuals, 3 patients with CML and 9 with ANLL. The CD34+ cell fraction was isolated using MY10 antibody, sheep anti-mouse immunomagnetic beads and the enzyme chymopapain. Indirect immunofluorescence and semisolid culture were employed to evaluate the percentage of CD34+ cells and that of clonogenic cells in each cell fraction. RESULTS: The frequency of CD34+ cells in the original unseparated populations was (mean +/- SE) 24.3 +/- 7.3%, and reached 85.0 +/- 2.7% in the isolated CD34-positive fractions; in the negative fractions it was only 2.7 +/- 1.7%. According to these results, the great majority of clonogenic cells was separated in the CD34-positive fractions and depleted in those CD34-negative. Moreover, chymopapain was shown to be non-toxic to the clonogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS: Positive immunoselection using My10 Ab, immunomagnetic beads and chymopapain is a method for isolating almost pure progenitors from the BM and PB of normal individuals and patients with myeloid leukemias.
Antigens, CD↗
Acute accidental exposure to chlorine fumes--a study of 82 cases.
Eighty-two patients were hospitalized following an accidental exposure to chlorine. All patients presented with dyspnoea and cough. The other symptoms included irritation of throat (53.6%), irritation of eyes (42.3%), headache (29.2%), abdominal pain (26.8%), vomiting (24.3%) and giddiness (9.7%). All of them had bronchospasm and 5 (6%) had cyanosis at the onset. An x-ray of the chest revealed patchy infiltrates in 3 (3.85%) and hilar congestion in 2 (2.44%). Pulmonary function tests showed an obstructive pattern in 27.4%, restrictive in 3.25% and mixed in 53.2%. Pulmonary functions were normal in 16.1% of the patients. Bronchoscopy revealed tracheobronchial mucosal congestion in all cases, hemorrhagic spots in 35.7%, erosions and ulcers in 12.5%. All patients were treated with oxygen, aminophylline, hydrocortisone and antibiotics. Haematemesis (n = 1) and pulmonary oedema (n = 2) developed 12 hours after the admission. Two other patients developed pneumonia 48 hours later. All patients recovered satisfactorily. On follow-up 16 patients had no sequelae after one year. Pulmonary functions were normal in 5 patients after 3 years of follow-up.
Adult↗