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S Barbey

Publications and source records attributed to S Barbey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Dynamic studies of Langerhans cell histiocytosis cells. Their contribution to the current concept of the disease. Report of a series of 38 cases].

In vitro explantation of 38 fragments of eosinophilic granuloma of bones was attempted. A satisfactory growth was obtained in nearly 90% of cases. This short-term culture maintained the ultrastructural characteristics and, to a lesser extent, the cytochemical features of the Langerhans cells, confirming the Langerhans cell origin of this cell proliferation. In addition, this procedure was able to demonstrate an immunodependent erythrophagocytosis (3/3) and a preferential fixation of labelled precursors (Glycerol, choline of lipid metabolism as well as labelled dopamine (2/2). All attempts to obtain a permanent cell line and graft to nude mice (even irradiated) failed. Under the in vitro conditions, the Langerhans cells do not divide up but can be readily identified up to 2 or 3 weeks. The contrast between the evident in vivo proliferation and the in vitro quiescent state suggests that some undetermined growth-factors targeted to the Langerhans cell system are missing in our commonly used culture media. The in vitro culture procedure could be of some help to their identification.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In vitro treatment with retinoids or the topoisomerase inhibitor, VP-16, evidences different functional apoptotic pathways in acute promyelocytic leukemic cells.

Understanding the mechanisms inherent to malignant cell eradication is a major determinant for cancer therapy. Recent data have demonstrated that apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms through which both cytotoxic and differentiating drugs may eliminate malignant cells. Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the first model of differentiation therapy allowing achievement of more than 90% complete remission (CR). However, disease-free survival (DFS) is short if patients are not subsequently treated with chemotherapy. In order to address the question of APL cells' elimination during ATRA therapy, we studied phenotypic and molecular features of 14 APL cases relative to cell survival in primary culture in the presence or absence of ATRA. Compared to other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes, APL cells in short-term suspension culture present a better survival rate (P < 0.001). After incubation with ATRA, cell survival was not altered and was correlated with a concomitant absence of apoptosis, despite a significant decrease of the BcL-2 protein in APL differentiated cells. Indeed, after 6 days of culture, only 3 +/- 0.5% of APL cells exhibit morphological features of apoptosis after ATRA treatment compared to 30 +/- 5% in HL-60-treated cells. Treatment of APL cells with 9-cis RA, 13-cis RA or analogs of RAR alpha or RXR alpha also failed to induce apoptosis. Treatment of either APL or ATRA-differentiated APL cells with 40 microM etoposide resulted in DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in 23 +/- 5% cells after only 20 h of treatment and 68 +2- 3% after 48 h suggesting that other pathways of apoptosis are still functional in APL cells. Though these in vitro data cannot fully represent the mechanism of cell death and cell elimination in vivo, they clearly indicate that ATRA alone may not induce leukemic clone eradication by apoptosis correlating with the persistence of minimal residual disease and constant relapse after CR obtained with ATRA alone.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1993

PML protein expression in hematopoietic and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is thought to be caused by the t(15,17) translocation that fuses the PML gene to that of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and generates a PML/RAR alpha fusion protein. Yet, paradoxically, APL cells are exquisitely sensitive to retinoic acid (RA), as they terminally differentiate upon RA exposure. In this report, we have examined the expression of PML and PML/RAR alpha in normal and APL cells. By immunofluorescence or immunocytochemistry, we show that PML has a speckled nuclear pattern of expression that contrasts with that of PML/RAR alpha (mostly a micropunctuated nuclear pattern or a cytoplasmic localization). The APL-derived cell line NB4 that expresses both the PML and PML/RAR alpha genes also shows the fine micropunctuated nuclear pattern, suggesting a dominant effect of the fusion protein over the localization of wild-type PML. RA treatment of NB4 cells or clones expressing PML/RAR alpha gradually leads to a PML pattern before apparent morphologic maturation. In 14 untreated APL patients, the PML-reactive proteins were cytoplasmic (by immunocytochemistry) or both cytoplasmic and nuclear with a micropunctuated pattern (by immunofluorescence). Strikingly, in 4 patients, after 1 to 2 weeks of RA therapy, the speckled nuclear PML pattern reappeared concomitant with the onset of differentiation. These results establish that fusion of PML to RAR alpha results in an altered localization of PML that is reverted upon RA treatment. This observation, which highlights the importance of PML, is likely to be a key to unravelling the molecular mechanism of both leukemogenesis and RA-induced differentiation of APL.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: a distinctive CD30-positive clinicopathological entity associated with a chromosomal translocation involving 5q35.

The clinicopathological data on 20 cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) collected over a period of 30 years at the Hôpital des Enfants Malades (Paris) are reported. Childhood MH was characterized by disseminated, frequently tender lymphadenopathy (19/20), skin (8/20), bone (6/20), and soft tissue localizations (7/20). These features were usually accompanied by fever, deterioration of general condition, and hematological abnormalities including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and occasionally fibrinopenia. These manifestations were clinically suggestive of a diagnosis of a severe neoplastic blood disease, although this hypothesis was not entertained for a long time because of the initial absence of abnormal cells in the blood and bone marrow. MH was characterized by the proliferation of large "histiocyte-like," usually mononucleated cells. When suitable material was available, MH cells appeared to react positively with acid-phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), alpha-antichymotrypsin, and antibodies directed against EMA, HLA DR, CD25, CD30, CD68, and CD71. No B- and T-cell antigens (except for one case) have been detected. Due to the frequent abundance of accompanying granulocytes, lymphoid, and plasma cells, and the presence of areas of necrosis, an initial correct diagnosis of MH was often difficult to establish on skin (four cases), bone (two), and soft tissue (three) biopsies. In lymph nodes, the sinusoidal and perifollicular topography of cell proliferation represented a highly reliable morphological feature. A permanent cell line (DEL) was obtained from a pleural effusion showing a t(5;6)(q35;p21) translocation and a monoallelic immunoglobulin (IgjH) rearrangement and consistent levels of expression of c-fms, c-myc, c-myb, c-ki-ras and c-fgr. Since an identical 5q35 breakpoint has been reported in four other MH cell lines with a comparable phenotype and in several isolated published cases, this chromosomal abnormality provides a highly valuable argument for individualizing an authentic malignancy of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in childhood, among the rather heterogeneous group of the CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human malignant histiocytosis CD30+ DEL cell line differentiates into macrophage-like cells when treated with a phorbol diester.

The histiocytic or lymphoid origin of human malignant histiocytosis is currently a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate used as a differentiation inducer on the CD30, t(5;6)(q35;p21) DEL cell line, taken to be a reliable representative of the human malignant histiocytosis cell line. Treatment of DEL cells with 33 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 6-24 h resulted in cell surface attachment (up to 80%), decrease in dividing ability, enhancement of nitro blue tetrazolium reducing capacity (from 8 to 42%), occurrence of a limited immunodependent phagocytosis, and transient increase in expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene and in production of tumor necrosis factor alpha protein, whereas tumor necrosis factor beta remained undetectable. From these data, we can conclude that the malignant histiocytosis DEL cell line is not of lymphoid origin but stems from a myelomonocyte lineage.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

Genotype markers and proto-oncogene analysis in the CD30-positive "malignant histiocytosis" DEL cell line with t(5;6)(q35;p21).

The DEL cell line isolated from a patient who died of malignant histiocytosis exhibits a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(5;6)(5q35;6p21). The cells were analyzed for Ig(Jh), TCR beta-gene rearrangements and proto-oncogene expression pattern, using a panel of molecularly cloned probes that included c-fms, c-myc, c-myb, c-pim, c-fos, N-myc, c-sis, c-fgr as well as the virally derived probes v-ki-ras and v-src. Consistent levels of expression of c-fms, c-myc, c-myb, c-ki-ras and c-fgr were identified in cells from several in vitro passages as well as from the heterotransplanted tumors in nude mice. Transcripts homologous to the c-fos, c-src and c-sis were not observed. Southern blot study of DNA showed that the banding pattern of the screened proto-oncogenes was not altered. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis demonstrated monoallelic immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgJh) rearrangement but a normal germ-line configuration of the kappa light chain and TCR beta-genes. These results appear to imply that a T- or B-cell origin can be eliminated and that several activated proto-oncogenes, usually expressed in immature MPS cells (c-fms) and myeloblastic cells (c-fgr), may be implicated in the proliferative activity of the DEL cell line, the stem of which may be a primitive, ancestral myelomonocytic cell.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

DEL cell line: a "malignant histiocytosis" CD30+ t(5;6)(q35;p21) cell line.

A new cell line DEL, established in vitro, was isolated from a pleural effusion of a boy who died of malignant histiocytosis. Its principal characteristics are: strong positivity with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CD25, CD30, CD45R, KiM7, EMA, HLA Cl I and II; constant presence of acid phosphatase, ANAE, alpha-anti-trypsin, alpha-anti-chymotrypsin and NBT reductase activity; rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (JH) and a germ-line configuration of the T-chain gene; and finally a translocation between chromosomes 5-6 with a breakpoint in 5q35. The DEL cell line is appropriate for studying the role of the 5q localized c-fms oncogene and of the genes of the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor (CSFI) and of their receptors in the dynamics and etiology of malignant hemopathies associated with a 5q35 breakpoint.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Histiocytes X and X body reactivity with concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin and BSPT.

The ultrastructural and histochemical exploration of histiocytes X done by the means of Concanavalin A (Con A), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and BSPT demonstrate that the plasma membrane of histiocytes X shared some properties with all the other cells and is also specialized. The rod part of the X body has the same properties as the plasma membrane while its vesicular part differs and is closer to the inner membrane system of the cell. In consequence it is suggested that the rod part of the X body is a specialized pathway or shuttle for receptor linked glycoprotein exchanges in highly specialized cells.

Benzothiazoles↗
PubMed1987

[Demonstration of Langerhans cells in the human bronchial epithelium].

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of six specimens revealed for the first time a small number of Langerhans cells in non-neoplastic bronchial epithelium. These cells were usually found either interspersed perpendicularly between columnar epithelial cells or just above the basal lamina with extending cytoplasmic processes. Usually few Birbeck granules, especially located in the Golgi region, were present throughout the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on semi-thin sections with a polyclonal anti-S-100 protein. The population of S-100 positive cells represented about 1% of all the epithelial cells. Not all ultrastructurally identified Langerhans cells were shown to be positive for S-100 antigen. Our results suggest that Langerhans cells could be a constant cellular constituent for the normal bronchial epithelium. The exact function of Langerhans cells in the respiratory epithelium remains to be investigated, but they may have an immunologic function, such as antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1986

Histiocytosis X. Purified (T6+) cells from bone granuloma produce interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 in culture.

We have investigated the secretory function of cell suspensions from bone eosinophilic granulomas surgically collected in two patients with histiocytosis X. Unseparated cell preparations spontaneously produced interleukin 1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In order to ascertain that this secretion was due to the characteristic Langerhans cell-like histiocytosis X cells predominantly found in the bone lesions, we have purified T6+ cells by the use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Such highly purified cell preparations were found to secrete IL-1 and PGE2 spontaneously in culture. Stimulation with endotoxins and treatment with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) revealed an intense IL-1 secretory function of histiocytosis X cells. Since both IL-1 and PGE2 are able to induce bone resorption in vitro, our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that histiocytosis X cells are responsible for the typical osteolytic lesion observed in histiocytosis X through the local secretion of these two mediators.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1986

[The Langerhans system. Definition. Physiologic and pathologic modifications].

The Langerhans cell system including the Langerhans cell (LC), the indeterminate epidermal cell, the lymphoid interdigitating cell, and the lymph veiled cell is nowadays considered as a very peculiar subpopulation of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The authors have tried in this review to point out the main salient features, the qualitative and quantitative variations of these cells during physiological, experimental and pathological processes.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[AIDS in children. Histopathologic study of 12 cases].

The anatomo-clinical investigation of a series of 12 cases of AIDS in infants, over two years in Hôpital des Enfants Malades (Paris) allows the following observations to be made: the frequency of materno-foetal contaminations (8/12); the relative shortness of the incubation period (3-6 months); the variable degree of the atrophy of the lymphoid tissues; the absence of vascular proliferation; the interest of demonstrating viral proteins associated with LAV virus (p 18) in imprecisely identifiable cells of lymphoid tissue; the severity of the thymic alterations, which are characterized less by a lymphocyte depletion than by a loss of the maturation of the epithelial tissue, which still preserves its hormone secretory properties.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Failure of histiocytosis X cells to express i blood group antigen.

Expression of HLADR, I, i blood group antigen and T6 antigen were studied in Histiocytosis X cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages using double labelling immunofluorescence technique or immuno-peroxidase procedure. Alveolar macrophages express simultaneously HLADR and i blood group antigen. Histiocytosis X cells, characterized by HLADR and T6 antigens, and by their ultra-structural marker do not express i antigen. These results confirm the hypothesis that histiocytosis X cells constitute a specialized sub-population of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1985

Histiocytosis: nosology and pathobiology.

The histiocytoses represent a heterogeneous group of conditions. Their common denominator is the proliferation and the activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). On the basis of recent advances in the knowledge of the distribution, biology, and behavior of the MPS, the following classification is proposed. Reactive and secondary histiocytoses related either to a chronic parasitic intracellular infection or to a patent or latent immunodeficiency state. Some well-established conditions belong to this category--i.e., familial lympho-histiocytosis, cytophagic sinus histiocytosis, Omenn's reticulosis. The dystrophic histiocytoses associated with the storage of either exogenous or endogenous material. It is prudent to separate the storages of homogeneous and chemically defined lipid material (such as cerebroside, sphingomyelin, etc.) from those of heterogeneous lipid material. Proliferative histiocytoses: it is crucial to distinguish the malignant histiocytosis from the histiocytosis X, which seems to be associated with a nonmalignant proliferation of a subpopulation of the MPS, the Langerhans cell system.

Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell↗
PubMed1983

Thymic reticulum in mice. II. Culture and characterization of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum: their role in the syngeneic stimulation of thymic medullary lymphocytes.

In the present report the characteristics of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the murine thymic reticulum are described. Primary cultures were established from thymic fragments. Nonadherent cells with hairy membranes proliferated on the surface of established primary monolayers. These cells were recovered and replated in secondary cultures were they appeared as large adherent cells with dendritic shape. At the electron microscopic level, phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum in culture (P-TR-C) appear as clear vacuolated cells with an indented nucleus and few lysosomes; this morphological aspect makes them different from the common macrophage, despite their phagocytic capacity. P-TR-C are positive for nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase which is found in the few lysosomes present, 5'-nucleotidase and alpha-D-mannosidase, but negative for peroxidase. A high proportion of alpha-mannosidase-positive cells is inconsistent with the common macrophage, but in common with other cells with dendritic shape such as Langerhans cells. They are Thy-1-, Ig- and nearly half of them are IA+. P-TR-C can be defined as the stimulator cells for syngeneic stimulation; they are able to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes enriched in mature syngeneic medullary thymocytes, but not in immature cortical ones. Characteristics of P-TR-C make them very similar to the interdigitating cells described in the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the thymus in situ.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reactivity of histiocytosis X cells with monoclonal antibodies.

Histiocytosis X cells were demonstrated to react with T6 antigen as well as with the M1 and I1 markers of monocytes using immuno-electron microscopy and double labeling immunofluorescence technique. The data confirm the close relationship existing between histiocytic X cells, Langerhans cells and dendritic cells, and suggest to consider the T6 antigen either as an early differentiation marker of thymocytes or as a functional marker of Mononuclear Phagocyte System subpopulations.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗