Trans-sternal decompression of postlaminectomy caries of the upper dorsal spine.
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Cervical Vertebrae↗
Biomedical subjects
S Basu
Publications and source records attributed to S Basu.
A survey of filamentous organisms at the Deer Island treatment plant.
The Deer Island Treatment Plant (DITP) treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, has a peak flow capacity of up to 1270 million gallons per day (MGD) (3342 m3 min(-1). The DITP contains a Pilot Plant, which consists of two identical pure oxygen activated sludge treatment trains, each with a maximum capacity of 1 MGD (2.63 m3 min(-1)) to simulate the maximum flow of the full size facility. This study documents the community of filamentous organisms living in the activatedsludge under various operational conditions in the Pilot Plant. Sixteen types of filamentous organisms were identified. The major filamentous organisms present in the Pilot Plant were Type 1701, Type 0041, Sphaerotilus natans, Microthrix parvicella, and Nocardia sp. Nocardia sp. was quite dominant in the early stages of the experimental period during high ambient temperatures (summer), indicating that temperature is one determining factor in the distribution of Nocardia sp. Thiothrix sp. was very sensitive to the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, with low DO values favoring the growth of the organisms. Microbiological observations made during the start-up and stable operation of the full-scale secondary treatment plant (maximum capacity 780 MGD) are also reported. No dominant filamentous species existed during the start-up period. Type 0803 and Type 1701, indicators of low oxygen level for the applied food to microorganism ratio, confirmed the low DO conditions of activated sludge tanks.
Data Collection↗
Microdialysis-evaluated myocardial cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammation and early circulatory depression in porcine endotoxemia.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early myocardial biochemical inflammatory response with the microdialysis technique during porcine endotoxemia and to simultaneously monitor systemic hemodynamics. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with parallel groups. SETTING: Animal research laboratory at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Thirteen piglets aged 12-14 wks receiving general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: After thoracotomy and the insertion of microdialysis probes in standardized locations in the left ventricle of the heart and in the quadriceps muscle, seven pigs received a continuous infusion of endotoxin, initiating a severe endotoxemic shock. Six pigs received saline instead of endotoxin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Endotoxemia caused a rapid and pronounced elevation of a metabolite obtained from prostaglandin degradation, 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha), in myocardial microdialysate fluid being specific of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated inflammation (p <.001 vs. saline-infused controls). Simultaneously, we observed a decrease in left ventricular stroke work index in the endotoxemic pigs (p <.01 vs. saline-infused controls). Endotoxemia did not alter 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) levels in quadriceps muscle. Endotoxemia caused increases in taurine, hypoxanthine, and magnesium in myocardial microdialysate (p <.05 vs. saline-infused controls), whereas the contents of pyruvate, lactate, inosine, adenosine, and calcium were not significantly changed. CONCLUSION: Endotoxemia induced a myocardial COX-mediated inflammation without signs of ischemia. In parallel, a depletion of myocardial energy substrates and a deterioration in myocardial performance were seen.
Analysis of Variance↗
Single megadose vitamin A supplementation of Indian mothers and morbidity in breastfed young infants.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In developing countries low maternal vitamin A stores combined with increased demands of pregnancy and lactation may lead to its deficiency in breastfed infants. This study evaluates the effects of maternal supplementation with a high dose of vitamin A on the serum retinol levels of exclusively breastfed infants, and their morbidity in the first six months of life. SETTING: Hospital based. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mothers of the test group (n=150) were orally supplemented with a single dose of retinol (209 micro mol) soon after delivery and were advised exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Before supplementation retinol levels were estimated in the mothers' and newborns' blood, and in colostrum. On follow up, breastmilk and infants' serum retinol contents were assessed monthly for six months. Retinol level <0.7 micro mol/l indicated vitamin A deficiency. Morbidity patterns like vitamin A deficiency, diarrhoea, febrile illnesses, acute respiratory infection, measles, and ear infection were also studied and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Presupplement mean maternal serum retinol levels were 0.98 and 0.92 micro mol/l and mean breastmilk levels were 3.85 and 3.92 micro mol/l in the test and control groups respectively (p>0.05). Mean cord blood retinol levels were also comparable (0.68 v 0.64 micro mol/l). After supplementation, the test group showed a rise in mean breastmilk retinol content (12.08 v 2.96 micro mol/l) which remained significantly higher for four months. The infants' mean serum retinol level, initially 322.06% of the baseline value, was significantly higher for five months. In the control group, significant numbers of mothers and infants showed deficient breastmilk and serum retinol throughout the follow up (p<0.01). Decreased incidence and duration of various diseases were also found in the test group suggesting lesser morbidity. CONCLUSION: Maternal supplementation with single megadose vitamin A is an effective strategy for vitamin A prophylaxis of exclusively breastfed infants of 0-6 months.
Administration, Oral↗
Aggressive behaviour of solid arrangement pattern in differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid.
The prognosis and overall outcome of solid growth pattern in differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid is controversial. While general consensus suggest outcomes similar to typical papillary carcinomas others demonstrate a more aggressive biology. We present a case of differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid with solid growth pattern presenting with neck swelling and widespread skeletal metastases. The areas of bone lesions showed avid 131I concentration on a postoperative large dose 131I whole body scan and was treated with 131I subsequently. The present case suggest that the solid architecture in a papillary thyroid carcinoma may be indicative of an aggressive clinical course, contrary to the common opinion that it does not adversely influence its biologic behaviour and thus emphasize the need to reexplore the prognostic significance of histopathologic subclassification along with an assessment of histologic grade and expression of molecular risk factors in this particular tumour subtype.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Orthostatic tremor: report of a case and review of the literature.
Orthostatic tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by tremulousness of the lower limbs on standing that disappears on walking, sitting or on lying down and a distinctive electromyographic burst of 14 to 16 Hz. On inspection, fine ripples can sometimes be seen over the quadriceps on standing. The tremor has a tendency to reappear even in the supine posture if the lower limb muscles are put to an isometric contraction state, indicating thereby that in spite of the fact that the tremor occurs on standing, it is essentially 'orthostasis independent' and the central factor is the contraction of the muscles. As a matter of fact, the tremor is abolished if the subject is suspended by harness, thus relieving him of muscle contraction. Doubts are being cast whether it is a variant of essential tremor since a number of families are being reported to be suffering from this disease as well. Positron emission tomography reveals hyperactivity of cerebellum in orthostatic tremor as it shows in essential tremor, therefore lending credence to such a hypothesis. However, lack of response to alcohol, propranolol and primidone in orthostatic tremor stands out as a serious challenge to such a view. Lack of positive family history, synchrony of contracting group of muscles and negative 'resetting' of the tremor by increasing peripheral load-phenomena consistently observed in orthostatic tremor and not in essential tremor, are other features that often help to distinguish between the two conditions. We report a case of orthostatic tremor that presented with the classical clinical and electromyographic features. Relevant literature in this regard is also being reviewed.
Aged↗
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with benign ovarian cyst: a case report and review of literature.
A 28-years-old female presented with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), warm antibody mediated, and right side tubo-ovarian (TO) mass. There was sub-optimal response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Eight months later she underwent ovarian cystectomy which resulted in complete remission of AIHA without the need for IST. Pathological examination of the TO mass revealed benign ovarian cyst. Our case highlights the need to search for ovarian cyst/mass in females presenting with AIHA. Since immunosuppressive therapy is usually ineffectual in AIHA associated with ovarian cyst, it may be appropriate to contemplate surgery before embarking on IST in such cases.
Adult↗
Syringomyelia in caudal dysplasia sequence.
Caudal dysplasia sequence (CDS) comprises developmental anomalies of the caudal vertebrae, neural tube, urogenital and digestive organs, and hind limbs, the precursors of all of which are derived from the caudal eminence. Although the syndrome is well recognized, the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. We report syringomyelia in association with the CDS, which has not been described previously and recommends inclusion of this entity in the spectrum of abnormalities encountered in this syndrome.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Removal of organic dyes from water by liquid-liquid extraction using reverse micelles.
In the present work, solvent extraction using reverse micelles is proposed for the removal of organic dyes from water. In this approach, the dye is solubilized in the aqueous core of the reverse micelles, which are present in the organic phase. The organic phase is subsequently separated from the aqueous phase leading to signifi-cant removal of dye. Experimental results reveal that the electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged surfactant head group present in the reverse micelles and the dye molecule plays a key role in the separation. The removal of the anionic methyl orange dye from water is carried out in the presence of cationic hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant, whereas the removal of the cationic methylene blue dye is carried out in the presence of anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant. Amyl alcohol is used as the solvent. The influence of parameters such as dye concentrations, surfactant concentrations, pH, and KCl and NaBr concentrations on the percentage removal of dye was studied. The percentage removal of dye is decreased with the increase in dye concentration in the feed. The increase in surfactant concentration resulted in higher dye removal, because more reverse micelles could be hosted in the organic phase. The increase in aqueous phase pH resulted in enhanced removal of methyl orange from water, while in the case of methylene blue the percentage removal decreased. The increase in KCl and NaBr concentrations resulted in decreased percentage removal of methylene blue, whereas the percentage removal of methyl orange was increased. The effect of pH and salt concentration is explained based on charge transfer mechanism and electrostatic interactions and dye-surfactant complex formation.
Journal Article↗
Synthesis of a new ion exchanger, zirconium vanadate, and its application to the separation of barium and cesium radionuclides at tracer levels.
A new inorganic ion exchanger, zirconium vanadate, has been synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis suggests that the probable formula of the compound is ZrO2, V2O5, 2H2O. The exchanger is highly stable in thermal, radiation and chemical environments. Radiochemical separation schemes for the 134Cs and 133Ba pair and also for separating the short-lived daughter 137Ba from its parent 137Cs using this newly synthesized ion exchanger have been developed.
Journal Article↗
Neurological outcome after experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a result of delayed and potentially treatable neuronal injury?
BACKGROUND: In experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aortic balloon occlusion, vasopressin, and hypertonic saline dextran administration improve cerebral blood flow. Free radical scavenger alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and cyclosporine-A (CsA) alleviate neuronal damage after global ischemia. Combining these treatments, we investigated neurological outcome after experimental cardiac arrest. METHODS: : Thirty anesthetized piglets, randomly allocated into three groups, were subjected to 8 min of ventricular fibrillation followed by 5 min of closed-chest CPR. The combined treatment (CT) group received all the above-mentioned modalities; group B was treated with balloon occlusion and epinephrine; and group C had sham balloon occlusion with epinephrine. Indicators of oxidative stress (8-iso-PGF(2 alpha)), inflammation (15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha)), energy crisis (hypoxanthine and xanthine), and anoxia/hypoxia (lactate) were monitored in jugular bulb venous blood. Neurological outcome was evaluated 24 h after CPR. RESULTS: : Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was more rapidly achieved and neurological outcome was significantly better in the CT group, although there was no difference in coronary perfusion pressure between groups. The jugular venous PCO2 and cerebral oxygen extraction ratio were lower in the CT group at 5-15 min after ROSC. Jugular venous 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and hypoxanthine after ROSC were correlated to 24 h neurological outcome CONCLUSIONS: : A combination of cerebral blood flow promoting measures and administration of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone and cyclosporine-A improved 24 h neurological outcome after 8 min of experimental normothermic cardiac arrest, indicating an ongoing neuronal injury in the reperfusion phase.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
Pseudo-priapism! Forgotten semirigid penile prosthesis.
Priapism is an undue and sustained erection in the absence of sexual stimulus. In the elderly population drug induced, thromboembolic and malignant aetiologies are common. This report demonstrates that in elderly demented patients, penile prosthesis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such a condition. A plain X-ray of the pelvic region incorporating the penis could prove very useful, particularly in the absence of a proper history.
Aged↗
Multiple cutaneous plasmacytomas following an autologous peripheral stem cell transplant.
We describe the unusual development of multiple cutaneous plasmacytomas following treatment of IgA lambda myeloma with myeloablative therapy and a peripheral blood stem cell autograft. Cutaneous metastatic spread was evident despite bone marrow remission. Treatment with an autograft may have contributed to the cutaneous relapse.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation↗
Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress and/or antioxidant status by investigating concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) in urine and plasma and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma as indicators of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and antioxidant status in diabetic subjects compared with healthy control subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Thirty-eight subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 41 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Blood and urine samples were obtained and analysed for 8-iso-PGF2alpha with a newly developed radioimmunoassay, as well as for MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and serum tocopherol levels. RESULTS: None of the variables of lipid peroxidation showed any significant difference between the two groups. Similarly, there were no significant correlations between the levels of 8-iso-PGF2alpha or MDA, and degree of glycemic control (HbA1c). Total antioxidant capacity in plasma was 16% lower amongst the subjects with type 1 diabetes than in the control group (P < 0.0005). Lipid corrected levels of alpha-tocopherol in serum were significantly increased in type 1 diabetic subjects (P < 0.05), as were gamma-tocopherol levels (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of lower total antioxidant defence, our results do not support the oxidative stress hypothesis for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The higher tocopherol levels suggest that no vitamin E supplementation is necessary for subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Adult↗
Pityriasis versicolor: socioeconomic and clinico-mycologic study in India.
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Humans↗
The effects of surfactants on adhesion, spreading, and retention of herbicide droplet on the surface of the leaves and seeds.
Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention on leaf and seed surfaces are studied in the presence of surfactants for successful formulation of a herbicide whereby efficient coverage, less wastage, and environment protection are achieved. Cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants, e.g., HTAB, SDBS, and tergitol, were added to water and the static contact angle of water droplet was measured on cauliflower, cabbage, spinach leaves, French bean, wheat, and Bengal gram seeds. Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention were analysed in terms of static contact angle and physical properties of the system. The presence of a small quantity (0.1 wt.%) of tergitol in water increased the adhesion, spreading, and retention of droplet on all leaf and seed surfaces tested. Tergitol, a nonionic surfactant, is likely to be adsorbed more than the ionic surfactants HTAB and SDBS at the water/leaf (or seed)/air interface since plant leaves and seeds are nonionic in nature. The addition of 0.1% wt. of tergitol to a common herbicide, derosal, increases the adhesion, spreading, and retention of derosal on leaf and seed surfaces, consequently, efficient coverage and minimum wastage are attained.
Adhesiveness↗
Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in STD clinic attendees in Pune, India.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients attending three STD clinics in Pune, India, and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: Of the 2098 patients screened at STD clinics in Pune during 1996, 497, who returned for at least one follow up visit, were screened for various markers of HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc), HIV antibody, and VDRL. RESULTS: Of the 497 participants 3.6%, 26.5%, and 43.2% were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc respectively. Tattooing (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.64) was found to be independently associated with presence of core antibody. Additionally, history of being in commercial sex work and history of a genital ulcer were independently associated with a positive anti-HBc antibody test (AOR 12.45, 95% CI 5.58 to 27.82 and AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.66, respectively). 72 out of 497 (14.5%) participants were HIV positive at baseline. HIV-1 antibody positive patients were more likely to have a positive anti-HBc test (69.4% v 39.0%, p<0.001). 30 out of 282 participants, negative for anti-HBc antibody at enrolment, seroconverted subsequently, resulting in an incidence of 10.86 per 100 person years (95% CI 7.2%, 14.5%) (mean and accumulated follow up of 11.7 months and 276.17 person years, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence and incidence of HBV infection, seen in STD clinic attendees underscore the need to provide HBV vaccine to commercial sex workers and their clients in India.
Adult↗
Ventricular tachycardia in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Severe hyperkalaemia in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in association with aggravating factors such as acidosis and hypocalcaemia can cause life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment of the underlying cause may be the only modality required in such cases. We report a 20-day-old male presenting with ventricular tachycardia due to electrolyte abnormalities in salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Sudden cardiac deaths reported earlier in such cases thus gain credence.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗