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Biomedical subjects

S Bedi

Publications and source records attributed to S Bedi.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Fixed dose combinations for tuberculosis: Lessons learned from clinical, formulation and regulatory perspective.

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important communicable diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. Its control requires multi-drug therapy for at least six months, which could lead to patient non-compliance, failure of therapy and ultimately resulting in the emergence of drug resistance. Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in TB therapy reduce the number of tablets to be consumed and thereby increase patient compliance with recommended treatment regimens. Thus, FDCs play a significant role in preventing the emergence of drug resistance and successful treatment. However, the quality of FDCs with respect to variable bioavailability and their registration requirements are major hurdles to their implementation in national TB control programs. It is anticipated that a large global market for FDCs will encourage large-scale production and increased competition, which in turn will result in FDCs at affordable prices. The Global Drug Facility (GDF), established by the World Health Organization (WHO), aims to ensure universal uninterrupted access to quality TB drugs for implementation of directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) in resource-poor countries. In this program, four FDCs were accepted as the drugs of first choice because of their obvious advantages in controlling TB. This demands the necessity of addressing quality and registration requirements of FDCs systematically. In light of this current knowledge on anti-TB FDCs, their dosage, combinations, available clinical studies and the experiences with TB therapy has been discussed in this article, which should serve as lessons for selection of appropriate FDCs for other diseases such as malaria and AIDS.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacology of adenosine receptors in the vasculature.

Adenosine is widely distributed in mammals. One of the primary roles of adenosine within the cardiovascular system is to directly control the functions of both cardiac and vascular tissues. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the subclassification of adenosine receptors. Characterization of a heterogeneous population of receptors for adenosine could provide an opportunity for the development of novel compounds of therapeutic value. Adenosine is released from cells as a result of metabolism, and its release can be increased dramatically from cells that are metabolically stressed. This implies that adenosine can be released from a variety of cells throughout the body, as a result of increased metabolic rates, in concentrations that can have a profound impact on blood vessel function and, consequently, blood flow. It is recognized that the actions of this nucleoside on the vasculature are most prominent when oxygen demand is high and there is a reduction in oxygen tension at the site in question. Therefore, it is not surprising that adenosine has been shown to be an important regulator of blood vessel tone under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the activation of adenosine receptors on blood vessels can result in relaxation and/or contractions. The nature of the response subsequent to the activation of adenosine receptors is primarily dependent on the type of blood vessel involved and basal tone. This review will focus on the characterization of subtypes of adenosine receptors in blood vessels, as well as the effect of the stimulation of adenosine receptors on the peripheral circulation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2001

Neurocysticercal serodiagnosis--updated.

For diagnosis of neurocysticercosis the gold standard would be a stereotactic biopsy and histological confirmation which are not universally available or acceptable to patients, hence the necessity of immunodiagnosis. The authors have narrated beautifully the serodiagnostic aspects of neurocysticercosis in its updated form and have discussed the subject with proper references.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed2001

Telepathology in India.

Telepathology is the most recent addition to the pathologist's diagnostic tools. It is the acquisition of macroscopic and microscopic images for electronic transmission for diagnosis, consultation and/or education. With the addition of the personal computer at the pathologist's desktop, the stage has been set for one of the greatest advantages the Internet has to offer. Telepathology in India is in infancy, and we at PathoIndia (www.Pathoindia.com) have started a series of publication images from interesting cases in the form of weekly quiz. After cases are published, hundreds of pathologists from around the world are invited by e-mail to send in their diagnosis and comments. The responses to this quiz suggest that telepathology is catching on in the pathology community. Another intention of this series is to identify and select qualified international and Indian pathologists who would be willing to help colleagues from India requesting second opinions online.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Design and biopharmaceutical evaluation of nitrofurantoin-loaded Eudragit RS100 micropellets.

Nitrofurantoin, a synthetic bactericidal drug, was encapsulated with Eudragit RS 100 polymer by a coacervation phase separation technique using variable proportions of polyisobutylene (0% to 3%) as a protective colloid. The micropellets were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, wall thickness, and loss of wall polymer were determined. The in vitro release experiments were carried out over the entire pH range of the gastrointestinal tract, the data obtained from the dissolution profiles were compared in the light of different kinetic models, and the regression coefficients were compared. The in vivo studies were performed on female human volunteers. A linear correlation was obtained from in vitro-in vivo studies.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Preparation and biopharmaceutical evaluation of nitrofurantoin loaded Eudragit RS100 and Eudragit RL 100 micropellets.

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare nitrofurantoin micropellets coated with a combination of Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit RL100 taken in varying ratios to achieve a sustained nitrofurantoin serum and urinary level over a prolonged period of time without any side effect. The method adopted was phase separation coacervation induced by non-solvent addition. The physical nature of the coating film was improved by a protective colloid, polyisobutylene (0% to 3% w/w). The optimized formulations were extensively evaluated for particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, stability studies and finally in vitro and in vivo release studies and their statistical evaluation and correlation.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1987

Costs of providing a rheumatological service.

As a result of a management budgeting exercise, the costs of rheumatology services in two hospitals in the Northern Region have been calculated. These comprehensive and itemized charges were derived by an external group of accountants. The data for a 1-year period from April 1985 are presented. Differences in both mean out-patient-visit and in-patient bed-day charges between hospitals were found. Factors contributing to these differences are discussed. The major costs, particularly of in-patient care, are not directly controllable by the clinician. Mean costs per out-patient visit were 26.00 pounds and 36.90 pounds at the two hospitals. Costs for in-patient care per bed-day were 49.00 pounds and 70.71 pounds, respectively. The calculated total cost of the rheumatology service in Newcastle was approximately 1.00 pound per capita catchment population per annum.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Effects of low and high carbohydrate feedings in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic hypercapnia.

In a randomized, double-blinded study, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypercapnia were fed low, moderate, and high carbohydrate diets to determine the effect on metabolic and ventilatory values. The low carbohydrate diet consisted of 28% carbohydrate calories and 55% fat calories and resulted in significantly lower production of CO2 (p less than 0.002), respiratory quotient (p less than 0.001), and arterial Pco2 (p less than 0.05). At the end of the 15-day study, both the forced vital capacity (p less than 0.05) and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p less than 0.05) had improved by 22% over baseline values. Total calories given surpassed daily caloric requirements. This approach, together with a low carbohydrate, high fat mixture, may be beneficial for such patients.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1985

Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium bovis.

Three residents of The Open Door Mission of Omaha developed pulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium bovis. All were alcoholics with malnutrition. The disease was most likely due to reactivation of a primary infection acquired at least 30 years earlier in the index case. Both of the secondary patients had been treated more than ten years previously for infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Supervised short-course chemotherapy was effective in treating the disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic fate of dichloromethyl-O,O-diphenyl phosphonate (I) and dichloromethyl-O,O-Di-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphonate (II) in/on rice plants.

Metabolic fate of two dichloromethyl diaryl phosphonates (32P labelled) in/on rice plants was investigated. The test compounds were found to be less persistent on the surface of rice leaves with half lives 7.4 and 6.7 days respectively. Main degradation product from both the phosphonates were dichloromethyl phosphonic acid with trace of dichloromethyl-O-aryl phosphonate as a transitory intermediate product.

Biotransformation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design and evaluation of microcapsules of diltiazem hydrochloride.

Diltiazem Hydrochloride (DTZ.HCl), a potent calcium channel blocker was microencapsulated by emulsion/solvent evaporation technique using non-aqueous solution of Ethylcellulose (EC) polymer to achieve its release from microcapsules at a slower rate. At the optimal conditions of process variables such as stirring speed, temperature of the medium, drug-polymer ratio, maximum encapsulation efficiency was obtained and the microcapsules produced were free flowing, discrete and spherical as evident from Scanning Electron Microscopy. The in vitro release experiments were carried out in the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.2 phosphate buffer) using USP XXII apparatus II. The data obtained from the dissolution profiles were compared in the light of different kinetic models and the regression coefficients were compared.

Capsules↗