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Biomedical subjects

S Begum

Publications and source records attributed to S Begum.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Silent ischemia during voluntary detraining and future cardiac events in master athletes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether exercise-induced silent ischemia in older master athletes following a 3-month period of deconditioning is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. DESIGN: A longitudinal study of a cohort of master athletes. SETTING: The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: Ten older (59 +/- 8 years, mean +/- SD), highly conditioned (maximal aerobic capacity VO2max 50 +/- 5 mL/kg/min), aerobically trained athletes. INTERVENTION: Five to eight years of longitudinal follow-up of athletes who had previously participated in a 3-month-long detraining intervention. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, all 10 athletes had their history taken and underwent physical examinations, metabolic testing, electrocardiogram at rest, exercise treadmill tests, exercise thallium scintigrams, and exercise multigated acquisition scans. After 3 months of deconditioning, they had repeat maximal exercise stress tests. After 5 to 8 years of follow-up, they were re-evaluated, including history and physical examination and measurement of their VO2max. RESULT: All 10 master athletes had normal studies at baseline. At the end of 3 months of detraining, three of these athletes had exercise-induced silent ischemia, which disappeared after retraining in two subjects and persisted at a higher heart rate in one subject. Over a 5- to 8-year period of observation, two of these three athletes with silent ischemia experienced major cardiac events (sudden death, cardiac bypass surgery). The other seven athletes did not have any cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced silent ischemia after a short period of detraining in highly trained older athletes may be a predictor of future cardiac events. A study with a larger cohort is warranted.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2000

A new chlorinated red naphthoquinone from roots of Sesamum indicum.

A new chlorinated red naphthoquinone pigment having antifungal activity, named chlorosesamone, was isolated from the roots of Sesamum indicum. Its structure was characterized as 2-chloro-5,8-dihydroxy-3-(3methyl-2-butenyl)- 1,4-na phthoquinone on the basis of spectral evidence.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2000

Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

The age-related patterns of clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of Syndrome X from childhood to adulthood were examined in a community-based sample of black and white children (aged 5-10 years, n = 2,389), adolescents (aged 11-17 years, n = 3,371), and young adults (aged 18-37 years, n = 2,115). In the analysis of clustering, insulin resistance index, BMI, triglycerides/ HDL cholesterol ratio, and mean arterial pressure were used either as categorical variables (age-, race- and sex-specific values >75th percentiles) to calculate risk ratios (observed frequency/expected frequency) or as continuous variables (normal scores based on ranks) to compute intraclass correlations. In the total sample, the risk ratio for clustering of adverse levels of all 4 variables was 9.8 for whites (P < 0.01) versus 7.4 for blacks (P < 0.01); the intraclass correlation was 0.33 for whites (P < 0.001) versus 0.26 for blacks (P < 0.001). Both the risk ratio and intraclass correlation were significantly higher in whites than in blacks in the total sample. The intraclass correlations of the 4 variables were significant (P < 0.001) in all race and age-groups, and they were higher during preadolescence and adulthood than during adolescence. Furthermore, unlike risk ratios, intraclass correlations showed a continuous increase with age during adulthood. When BMI was adjusted, the intraclass correlations involving the other 3 variables were reduced by approximately 50%, and the age-related pattern was no longer evident. These results suggest that the degree of clustering of risk variables of Syndrome X varies with age from childhood to adulthood and is likely influenced by the age-related changes in obesity and the attendant insulin resistance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Mucosal change of the stomach with low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: follow-up study of 48 cases.

Low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach has been demonstrated to be closely linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and to be frequently remissioned after the cure of H. pylori infection. Several previous studies have focused on proliferating lymphocytes but little is known about gastric epithelial change and the duration of the remission after the cure of H. pylori infection. We performed a long-term follow-up investigation on the effects of anti-H. pylori treatment on MALT lymphoma and chronic gastritis at the histologic and molecular levels. Forty-eight patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma and 28 chronic gastritis patients in whom H. pylori infection was eradicated were studied. After eradication, 43 MALT lymphoma patients showed complete histologic remission and continuous remission was observed during follow-up for up to 43 months (mean, 17.8 months). As for epithelial changes after eradication, "emptiness of lamina propria" was more pronounced in the mucosa with MALT lymphoma than that with chronic gastritis, and its severity in MALT lymphoma cases significantly decreased during the observation period whereas the glandular area increased. Cystic change of the fundic gland also occurred more frequently in MALT lymphoma cases than chronic gastritis cases. B-cell clonality before eradication analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was detected in almost all MALT lymphoma cases (43 cases), but rare in chronic gastritis cases (6 cases). After eradication, in spite of histologic regression, 21 MALT lymphoma patients had a persistent monoclonal population during the follow-up period. B-cell monoclonality preceding the malignant transformation was noted in 4 cases. These observations indicate that 1) complete histologic remission of low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas seems stable even if a monoclonal B cell population is detectable in some cases, 2) there may be a stage of disease where monoclonal B cells are present but there is no histologic evidence of MALT lymphoma, and 3) regenerative change of the damaged glands may occur in histologic regressed MALT lymphoma cases.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1999

Bio-active cardenolides from the leaves of Nerium oleander.

A bioactivity directed isolation of the methanolic extract of the fresh, uncrushed leaves of Nerium oleander showing a central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect in mice has been undertaken. As a result, four CNS depressant cardenolides including a new cardenolide, neridiginoside and three known constituents, nerizoside, neritaloside and odoroside-H, have been isolated which exhibited CNS depressant activity in mice at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The structure of neridiginoside was elucidated as 3 beta-O-(D-diginosyl)-5 beta, 14 beta-dihydroxy-card-20(22)-enolide, using spectroscopic methods including one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR (COSY-45, NOESY, J-resolved, HMQC and HMBC). The known compounds have been indentified through spectral studies and comparison of data with those reported in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Differentiation of muscle-specific proteins in chicken somites as studied by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Fluorescence microscopy of chicken cervical somites revealed that muscle-specific proteins began to appear at stage 11 (Hamburger and Hamilton numbering), and the onset of the expression of all the proteins examined in the present study had occurred by stage 17. Muscle proteins were classified into six groups according to the stage of their appearance. Since all these proteins were expressed before emergence of nerve fibers in myotomes, switching-on of their synthesis does not seem to require neuronal influence. However, since isoproteins other than adult muscle types disappeared and diversification of muscle fiber types occurred coordinately with the clustering of acetylcholine receptors in cervical muscles, switching-off of the synthesis of the nonadult isoforms might have been accelerated by the formation of functional neuromuscular junctions. The absence of nebulin and C-protein in early stages seems to indicate that these proteins are not required for the initial assembly of myofilaments and/or myofibrils. Further, this absence might be considered to facilitate exchangeabilities of proteins in nascent myofibrils, thereby changing the isoforms to adult types.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cardenolides from the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander leaves possessing central nervous system depressant activity in mice.

Two new cardenolides, 3 beta-O-(D-2-O-methyldigitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-carda-16,20(22)-dienolide (1) and 3 beta-hydroxy-8,14-epoxy-5 beta-carda-16,20(22)-dienolide (2), and two known cardenolides, 3 beta-O-(D-digitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-16 beta-acetoxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide (3) and 3 beta-O-(D-digitalosyl)-14 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide (4), have been isolated from the leaves of Nerium oleander following a bioactivity-directed isolation of the MeOH extract, which showed central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity in mice at a dosage of 50 mg/kg i.p. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were found to exhibit sedation in mice at a dosage of 25 mg/kg, although 2 had no effect on the CNS of mice at a dosage of up to 50 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Screening for bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis aimed at preventing premature delivery.

OBJECTIVE: We performed screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis during pregnancy for prevention of premature delivery. The incidence and the etiology of lower genital tract infections and premature delivery were examined to elucidate the effectiveness and problems of this trial. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-five pregnant women who attended the obstetrical outpatient clinic in our hospital were included as subjects. The screening was done at prenatal-care visits around the 10th, 20th, and 30th gestational weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-eight women were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis and 54 women were successfully treated. Thirty-five women were diagnosed as cervicitis and all were cured. Nine women (2.5%) delivered before the 37th gestational week and 1 women delivered before the 35th gestational week because of cervical incompetence. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis may prevent microbes in the lower genital tract from penetrating the intrauterine cavity and thereby reduce the incidence of premature delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Acetates and benzoates of alkyl catechols and evaluation of their antibacterial activity.

Potential biologically active alkyl catechol esters were prepared and their antibacterial activity was determined against 12 Gram-positive and 16 Gram-negative bacteria. Esterification (acetylation and benzoylation) of mono-, di- and tetra- substituted alkyl catechols afforded the di-acetyl and di-benzoyl derivatives in each case. In the primary screening it was observed that the substitution of hydroxyl group in alkyl catechol with an acyl group generally resulted in a decrease of antibacterial activity. A number of acetyl and benzoyl derivatives inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhi. In case of Gram-positive bacteria only di-O-benzoyl-3,5,6,-tetra-(3-hexyl) catechol (26) showed a significant activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Bionomic equilibrium of two-species system. I.

The concept of bionomic equilibrium is used to obtain limits of cost per unit effort and maximum value of effort for the joint harvesting of three types of two-species system: (1) a logistic growth model of two ecologically independent species, (2) a logistic growth model of two species that have competitive interactions, and (3) a Lotka-Volterra model of one prey and one predator. In each case, the existence of feasible bionomic equilibrium points and that of partially feasible bionomic equilibrium points are considered separately. First it is shown that cost per unit effort has both upper and lower threshold values if feasible bionomic equilibrium points occur, whereas it has only the upper threshold values if partially feasible bionomic equilibrium points occur. Further, the threshold values depend solely on the catchability coefficients, the selling prices of unit biomasses, and the parameters of the given model, namely the biotic potentials, carrying capacities, etc. Next, it is proven that for the first type of feasible point, if the cost per unit effort is kept under proper threshold values, then corresponding to each such value, the maximum value of the efforts exerted can be calculated in terms of the given parameters only. Moreover, the set of all such maximum values of the efforts for different choices of cost per unit effort is always bounded and the supremum of these maximum efforts is independent of the choice of cost per unit effort.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cytokines concentrations in the cervical mucus of pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in specimens of cervical mucus were assayed to assess defense mechanisms against infection in the cervical canal during pregnancy. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-nine pregnant women who attended the obstetrics outpatient clinic in our hospital were included as subjects. Cervical mucus was collected with a newly developed collection swab, and cytokines and granulocyte elastase in the samples of cervical mucus were quantified using enzyme immunoassay kits. The 1-factor ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and scheffé's F were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 levels rose significantly as the concentrations of granulocyte elastase increased. High concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (75.36 +/- 19.93 pg/ml), interleukin-1 beta (1005.29 +/- 238.75 pg/ml) and interleukin-8 (4822.4 +/- 633.2 pg/ml) were found in the specimens from the group of high granulocyte elastase levels. CONCLUSIONS: These cytokines might be involved in defense mechanisms against ascending infection from the vagina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Urinary levels of nitric oxide metabolites in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological role of nitric oxide (NO) in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty normotensive women (1st trimester, n = 7; 2nd trimester, n = 6; 3rd trimester, n = 10; puerperal period, n = 7) and 19 patients with preeclampsia (3rd trimester, n = 9; puerperal period, n = 10) were studied. Urinary and blood samples were obtained from each participant who was designed to be under the same condition. Urinary NOx (nitrate/nitrite) was measured with Greiss method after nitrate reduction. Urinary cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), creatinine clearance, serum triglyceride, uric acid, albumin and blood cell count were also determined. RESULTS: 1) Urinary NOx levels in 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy tended to be higher than those in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary NOx in puerperal period. Urinary NOx in antepartum preeclampsia was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy in 3rd trimester. 2). Urinary cGMP was significantly higher in 2nd trimester of normal pregnancy than in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary cGMP in puerperal period. In preeclampsia the values in 3rd trimester were significantly higher than those in puerperium. 3) A significant positive correlation was observed between urinary NOx and cGMP only in 3rd trimester of normal gestation. 4) In normal pregnancy of 3rd trimester, significant negative correlations were observed between urinary NOx and either of mean blood pressure or serum triglyceride. In preeclampsia of antepartum, urinary excretion of NOx was significantly correlated positively with creatinine clearance and negatively with mean blood pressure or serum uric acid. Urinary excretion of NOx in both of normal pregnant and preeclamptic women in 3rd trimester was significantly correlated with serum triglyceride. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that NO may modulate the cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and impaired production of the molecule may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The role of nitric oxide metabolites during pregnancy.

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a potent vascular endothelial cell derived vasorelaxant with important effects on vascular tone. This study was initiated to clarify the role of urinary metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) during pregnancy. Twenty four normal pregnant women and 12 patients with preeclampsia were studied. Urinary NOx levels were determined with the Greiss reagent and spectrophotometry methods after enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite in the samples. Urinary excretion of nitric oxide (NOx) were elevated in normal pregnant women and decreased in preeclamptic women. A significant correlationship was observed in the urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in between the normal and preeclamptic puerperial groups (p < 0.05). Positive correlationships were found between urinary excretion of nitrate level and either of fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) (r = 0.702, p < 0.005) or fractional excretion of calcium (FECa) (r = 0.570, p < 0.04) in normal and preeclamptic subjects. Also a positive correlationship was observed between the level of urinary NOx excretion and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) (r = 0.681, p < 0.005). Our results suggest that nitric oxide may play an important role in the mechanism to modulate circulatory physiology of normal and preeclamptic pregnant women.

Female↗