S Bellani | PubMed Health

PubMed2003

[Vital signs of hemodynamic monitoring].

The aim of hemodynamic monitoring in intensive care is to recognize derangements in physiologic variables, which herald the progression toward organ failure. Traditionally the term "vital signs" refers to heart rate, arterial pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature monitoring. Continuous monitoring of vital signs, is advocated, since trends are more significant than single measurements, and is still a cornerstone, in the hemodynamic evaluation of a critically ill patient. Nevertheless, the spectrum of hemodynamic derangements that can arise during intensive care unit stay is very large and often additional information, beside the vital signs, are needed to evaluate correctly the individual patient.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed2003

[Ventilator associated pneumonia].

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection that ensues in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The reported incidence of VAP varies between 9% and 68% with a mortality ranging between 33% and 71%. Two key factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of VAP: bacterial colonization of the upper digestive-respiratory tract and aspiration of oral secretions into the trachea. Preventive measurements are advocated to reduce the incidence of VAP, such as selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), supraglottic aspiration and positioning. Prompt recognition and treatment of established VAP has also been demostrated to affect outcome. Therefore, the knowledge of risk factors associated with the development of VAP and the implementation of strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat VAP are mainstems in the nursing of mechanically ventilated patients.

Humans↗