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S Berentsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Berentsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Favourable response to therapy with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in primary chronic cold agglutinin disease.

The 'primary' form of chronic cold agglutinin disease is a clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that is notoriously difficult to treat with drugs, including corticosteroids, alkylating agents, alpha-interferon and purine analogues. We performed a small, open, uncontrolled, prospective study to evaluate the effect of therapy with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Six patients with clonal CD20(+)kappa(+) B-cell proliferation received seven courses of rituximab 375 mg/m(2), d 1, 8, 15, and 22. One patient achieved a complete response. Four partial responses were observed, including a response to re-treatment in one patient. Two patients were categorized as non-responders. Haemoglobin levels increased by a median of 4.1 g/dl in the total group and 4.7 g/dl in the responders, who also experienced a substantial improvement of clinical symptoms. The treatment was well tolerated. We discuss the effect of rituximab therapy compared with other treatment options, and try to explain why two individual patients did not respond. Despite the small numbers, the results are very encouraging. Further studies of rituximab therapy for chronic cold agglutinin disease are warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Chronic myeloid leukemia in health regions 1, 3, 4 and 5 during the period 1990-96].

The aim of the present investigation was to obtain information about treatment, clinical course and outcome for all patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia through a six-year period in a defined part of Norway. A total number of 141 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. This is equivalent to 0.9 patients per 100,000 per year. The median age was 62 years. More than 70% of the patients were primarily treated with hydroxyurea, either alone or combined with interferon. 40 out of 57 patients younger than 55 years underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Median survival for all patients was 36 months with an estimated five-year survival rate of 33%. Patients older than 55 years had a median survival of 30 months with 16% alive after five years. The five-year survival rate for patients younger than 55 years was 56%, for transplanted patients 72%. 60 of 84 patients older than 55 years have died after 4 1/2 years median observation time. Two thirds of those died of leukaemia; one third of other causes. 23 of 57 patients younger than 55 years have died. 11 of them had had transplantations and most of them died from transplantation-related causes, while leukaemia was the dominating cause of death in the others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Empirical antibiotic treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia].

All febrile episodes (a total of 276) which occurred in 85 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia treated in four Norwegian centres during the period 1990-1994 were studied retrospectively in order to assess the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. 72% of these episodes were initially treated with benzyl penicillin and aminoglycoside (standard treatment), while alternative empirical treatment was given in the remaining cases. The treatment was successful in 94% of the febrile episodes initially treated with standard treatment and in 96% of the episodes which received alternative antibiotics. For both types of treatment, a change to second line antibiotic regimen was made for various reasons in a majority of cases. The combination benzyl penicillin and aminoglycoside seems to be a safe empirical treatment for febrile neutropenia in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia in our treatment centres, provided that the treatment is modified in patients with unsatisfactory clinical response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Clinical immunology of chronic cold agglutinin disease.

We studied clinical and immunological characteristics of 15 patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease (CAD). Mean age at disease debut was 68 years for female and 67 years for male patients. The patients had no signs of other autoimmune diseases. All patients had V(H)4-34 encoded IgM kappa cold agglutinins (CA) in high titre. In five patients IgM increased significantly with advancing disease. Seven patients had reduced concentrations of lymphocytes, largely of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Percentages of NK cells (CD56) and B cells (CD19) were increased in seven and three patients, respectively. In six out of nine patients a clonal expansion of kappa positive B cells was found. Serum C3 was decreased in nine patients and C4 was decreased in 11 patients, six of whom had reduced CH50. Such data indicate that patients with CAD experience a continuous low-grade complement consumption. Five patients had experienced increased haemolysis during infections. After addition of active complement to patient sera in vitro, six sera showed increased haemolytic activity. Our results indicate that some patients with CAD have a relative deficit of complement in their serum and that an increase of complement production occurs during an acute phase reaction which enhances haemolysis. Our data also indicate that both CA titre and thermal amplitude are important characteristics when predicting complement activation and clinical course in CAD.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Future requirements for hematologists].

Today there are not enough specialists in haematology in Norway. During the period 1990-1995 2.5 specialists in haematology qualified per year. In order to meet future requirements for haematologists at Norwegian municipal and university hospitals, it has been estimated by the Norwegian Society for Haematology that the number of specialists qualifying per year should be increased to ten for the next ten years.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1998

[Large granular lymphocytic leukemia].

Large granular lymphocyte leukaemia (LGL leukaemia) is a rare, chronic lymphoproliferative bone marrow disease which can be considered a subtype of chronic T-cell lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL). We describe three patients with large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. They all suffered from chronic disease with neutropenia and relative lymphocytosis. An expansion of mature lymphocytes with the CD3+, CD8+, CD57+ immunophenotype was demonstrated in all three patients. Two patients had a history of recurring infections. Serological findings compatible with rheumatic disease were present in all three patients, and two suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. We have made a brief survey of this disease, which is characterized by relative or absolute lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and an increased risk of infection. Rheumatoid arthritis and other associated autoimmune manifestations occur frequently. Large granular lymphocyte leukaemia should be considered a possible diagnosis in patients with chronic neutropenia and relative lymphocytosis, in particular if rheumatic manifestations are also present. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a sensitive method in diagnosing this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

T-lymphocyte functions in acute leukaemia patients with severe chemotherapy-induced cytopenia: characterization of clonogenic T-cell proliferation.

Intensive chemotherapy for acute leukaemia is followed by a period of severe chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. We used a limiting dilution assay to investigate whether remaining CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes derived from such leukopenic patients could be activated and undergo clonogenic proliferation. The activation signal in our model was accessory cells (irradiated normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells) + phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) + interleukin-2 (IL-2). During severe leukopenia a majority of circulating lymphocytes were CD4+ T cells. Clonogenic proliferating T lymphocytes were detected for all patients. Higher frequencies of clonogenic cells were detected in the CD8+ subset as compared to the CD4+ subset. However, for both subsets frequencies of proliferating cells were decreased compared with healthy individuals. The CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were also capable of proliferation in response to alloactivation, and accessory cells mainly containing acute myelogenous leukaemia blast were efficient as accessory cells for activation. For the CD4+ cells, increased proliferation was detected in the presence of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) blasts compared with normal accessory cells. Based on our results we conclude that: (1) although acute leukaemia patients with therapy-induced leukopenia have both a quantitative and a qualitative T-cell defect, (2) the remaining T-cell population includes a subset capable of clonogenic proliferation. However, (3) proliferation of the clonogenic CD4+ cells can be modulated by AML blasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Pulmonary changes as primary manifestations in Waldenström macroglobulinemia].

We describe a patient with a 19-year history of lymphocytic lung infiltrations. A diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis was made in 1982 after an open lung biopsy, but in 1995 a comprehensive re-evaluation led to the diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia with primary bronchopulmonary involvement. It could also be demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and immunological techniques that this disease had been present since before 1982. In 1995 it was still difficult to demonstrate bone marrow involvement, even with new and sensitive methods. We discuss some diagnostic problems of organ manifestations of uncommon systemic diseases. Pulmonary manifestations of Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia or other diseases of the immune system should be considered in patients with atypical lung disorders.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Interleukin 4 responses in acute leukaemia patients with severe chemotherapy-induced leucopenia.

T lymphocyte functions in acute leukaemia patients with severe chemotherapy-induced leucopenia were investigated using 3 different approaches: (i) analysis of serum concentrations of the T cell cytokine interleukin 4 (IL4) demonstrated that serum IL4 levels increased during complicating bacterial infections. However, this response was modulated by a concomitant increase in serum levels of the potential IL4 antagonist soluble IL4 receptor alpha chain (sIL4R alpha). (ii) Even during leucopenia a subset of T lymphocytes derived from leucopenic patients expressed the activation markers CD25 (IL2 receptor), CD71 (transferrin receptor) and HLA-DR. (iii) Subsets of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes could undergo clonogenic proliferation in vitro, and a majority of these clones secreted IL4. CD4+ clones showed higher IL4 levels than CD8+ clones. Our results indicate that T lymphocytes can be activated and contribute to cytokine responses in acute leukaemia patients with severe chemotherapy-induced cytopenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Chronic cold agglutinin disease of the "idiopathic" type is a premalignant or low-grade malignant lymphoproliferative disease.

We investigated the clinical, pathological, and immunological features of "idiopathic" cold agglutinin disease (CAD) in a population-based study. Fourteen patients were studied, giving a prevalence of about 14 per million with a mean age of 75 years. Haemolysis was present in all cases, but only eight patients had clinical symptoms of peripheral haemagglutination. Serum electrophoresis, immunofixation, morphological bone marrow evaluation, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping were used to detect any monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorder. Flow cytometry seemed to be a sensitive way to demonstrate a clonal B-cell proliferation. Some evidence of clonality was found in 13 patients, and a clonal lymphoproliferative disease was documented by flow cytometry or biopsy in 10 out of 11 patients. We conclude that CAD is a symptom-producing monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorder in nearly all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. New tests--for what benefit?].

A serum cobalamin level lower than 250 pmol/l combined with high values of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid confirms the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. A low serum and erythrocyte folate level and high plasma homocysteine confirm folate deficiency. If the cobalamin level is higher than 250 pmol/l no further tests are needed. In patients with neurologic or psychiatric disorders combined with elevated levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, cobalamin deficiency is likely if these levels decrease during vitamin B12 therapy. The causes of elevated homocysteine levels are often obscure, and homocysteine should therefore not be used as a screening test.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

[Anemia with low serum cobalamin concentration. Problems of differential diagnosis].

We reviewed the records of seven patients with low serum cobalamin levels that were difficult to interpret in relation to haemoglobin concentrations and clinical symptoms. Myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed in four out of five anaemic patients. Three of them had a true vitamin B12 deficiency at the same time. The fifth patient had a non-Hodgkin lymphoma with Coombs-negative autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Two patients had low cobalamin levels without anaemia. Measurements of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid may be useful for diagnosing true vitamin B12 deficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Human T lymphocyte activation in the presence of acute myelogenous leukaemia blasts: studies of allostimulated interferon-gamma secretion.

Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC responders) were cultured together with non-irradiated allogeneic PBMC (more than 95% leukaemia blasts) derived from patients with acute leukaemia (referred to as leukaemic PBMC stimulators). Cytokine secretion was determined as cytokine concentrations in supernatants. Both normal PBMC and enriched CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responded to allostimulation with interferon (IFN gamma) secretion. Interleukin-I (IL-1) receptor antagonist and IL-2-neutralizing antibodies decreased IFN gamma secretion. Exogenous IL-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-7 increased allostimulated IFN gamma secretion, whereas decreased levels were seen in the presence of IL-6, IL-10 and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). During allorecognition IFN gamma-neutralizing antibodies decreased acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) blast secretion of G-CSF. We conclude that (i) both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show allostimulated cytokine secretion in response to allogeneic stimulator cells containing a dominating population of native, cytokine-secreting leukaemia blasts, and (ii) IFN gamma released during this response can modulate the function of allogeneic AML blasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Chronic cold agglutinin disease].

Chronic cold agglutinin disease is an uncommon form of haemolytic anaemia. Traditionally the "idiopatic" form and the "secondary" form (seen in some cases of malignant lymphoma) have been regarded as two clearly different entities. We describe three patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease in a population of 100,000. They had been previously diagnosed as having idiopatic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, but further investigations revealed lymphoproliferative bone marrow disease in all three cases. We discuss some pathogenetic features of cold agglutinin disease on the basis of our observations and the available literature. In conclusion, this disease represents a spectrum of clonal lymphoproliferative disorders rather than separate primary and secondary forms. The therapeutic principles are discussed. Corticosteroids should usually not be used to treat this disease.

Aged↗