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Biomedical subjects

S Berman

Publications and source records attributed to S Berman.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of carbohydrate ingested on outcome in infants with mild gastroenteritis.

Children with mild acute gastroenteritis have not been observed for specific evidence of lactose intolerance yet are frequently fed a nonlactose formula. To determine whether such intervention is justified, 85 infants with mild acute gastroenteritis were followed prospectively. Infants were blindly and randomly assigned to 20 calorie/oz formula containing one of four carbohydrates: lactose, sucrose, polycose, or combined sucrose-polycose. Daily diaries were kept by parents, and patients were reexamined on days 2, 7, and 14 of the study. Evidence for rotavirus was detected in 23 infants, and five had bacterial pathogens. Symptoms resolved in most patients within 7 days, but five infants were subsequently hospitalized. Stool frequency, weight gain, and need for hospitalization did not differ significantly among the groups. Recovery from mild acute gastroenteritis occurred within 2 weeks irrespective of carbohydrate ingested.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1984

Safety and antigenicity of typhoid-Shigella sonnei vaccine (strain 5076-1C).

The form-1 antigen of Shigella sonnei was transferred to the avirulent Salmonella typhi strain 21a and the resulting 5076-1C transconjugate strain was tested for safety and immunogenicity as a candidate oral vaccine. The transconjugant strain was shown to be well tolerated and safe in 19 human volunteers who were fed from 1 X 10(7) to 1 X 10(10) organisms. Only two of 10 volunteers tested had developed a rise in antibody titer to the lipopolysaccharide of the hybrid 5076-1C strain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Telephone encounters in a university pediatric group practice. A 2-year analysis of after-hour calls.

The records of off-hours calls received by the University of Colorado Pediatric Group Practice from 4:30 p.m. throughout 8:00 a.m. weekdays and all day Saturday, Sunday, and holidays were audited. An answering service and pageboy system ensured 24-hour, 7-day-a-week accessibility through a single telephone number. The four practices received 2386 after-hours calls from November 1978 to October 1980. An average of 104 calls per month were received with approximately four calls per day on weekday evenings and six calls per day on Saturday, Sunday, and holidays. Five concerns accounted for 49 percent of all after hours calls: fever, vomiting and/or diarrhea, upper respiratory infection (URI), earache, and rash. While 75 percent of families made fewer than four calls per year, 4 percent made at least 12 calls per year, accounting for 18 percent of all calls. Families calling three or more times a month were defined as "frequent users" and accounted for 22 percent of a given month's calls. Most calls from the same families (55%) occurred within a 24-hour period and dealt chiefly with parental concerns about fever, vomiting and diarrhea, URIs, ear infection, accident, and rashes. The additional responsibility that residents assume in taking calls for the Pediatric Group Practice while on other off-hour assignments was not excessively demanding, and cost of the answering service was easily absorbed by group practice revenues.

Colorado↗
PubMed1984

Social work and Alzheimer's disease: psychosocial management in the absence of medical cure.

Because the illness erodes and destroys an individual's humanness and personality, patients and families affected by Alzheimer's Disease have particularly critical needs for help with its psychosocial sequelae. This article develops a model of psychosocial management and details specific interventions to help patients and caregivers develop and maintain adaptations during the long course of the disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Projective assessment of the relationships between the salience of death, religion, and age among adults in America.

The relationships between age, religious orientation, and perception of death are investigated utilizing a sample of 1428 respondents randomly selected from two larger representative national samples. Although a statistically significant relationship is found between religion and perception of death, when age is introduced as a control the relationship remains only among young adults. The finding that religion mitigates concerns about death concurs with results found in previous studies. The data relative to young adults, however, suggest the need for a broader conceptualization of the relationship between death anxiety and religion, which incorporates developmental influences over the adult life cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of maternal nutritional status on immunological substances in human colostrum and milk.

Substances in colostrum and breast milk confer significant disease resistance to the breast-fed infant. The influence of maternal nutritional status on both immunological and nonimmunological milk factors was studied in a group of 23 Colombian women during the first 2 months of lactation. Maternal malnutrition was characterized by significantly lower weight/height ratio, creatinine/height index, total serum proteins, serum albumin, and serum IgG and IgA. The colostrum of malnourished mothers contained only one-third the normal concentration of immunoglobulin G and less than half the normal level of albumin. Significant reductions in colostrum levels of IgA and the fourth component of complement (C4) were also observed in the malnourished group. No differences were observed in colostral concentrations of lysozyme, C3 complement, or IgM. Titers of antibody in milk directed against respiratory syncytial virus were not influenced by maternal nutritional status. The differences noted above tended to disappear in mature milk, concomitant with improvement in the nutritional status of malnourished mothers during the first several weeks postpartum. We conclude that the protective qualities of colostrum and milk may be significantly influenced by maternal nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Use of a seminar as an aid in helping interns care for dying children and their families.

An annual seminar held by the University of Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, is designed to assist interns to cope more effectively with the emotional strains of caring for dying patients and their families. In the seminar, interns are randomly divided into four small groups consisting of six interns, a chief resident, two pediatric faculty members, and a nurse or social worker from an intensive care unit. This paper reviews the resident evaluations of the seminar, as well as the results of a questionnaire which explored attitude formation toward death. Interns felt that the opportunity to discuss death and dying early in their training program helped them gain an understanding of their own feelings about death, which enabled them to cope better with the stress involved in caring for dying children. Additional benefits from the seminar included more effective interpersonal communication, the establishment of deeper and more meaningful friendships, and a stronger esprit de corps.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

An inpatient program for Vietnam combat veterans in a Veterans Administration hospital.

The Veterans Administration's first inpatient program for Vietnam War veterans was opened in January 1978 at the VA Medical Center in Palo Alto, California. The unit treats a range of psychiatric disorders; however, the typical patient is a 34-year-old white male with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and at least one previous hospitalization. The program is designed as a three-phase therapeutic community based on mutual support and group solidarity. Medication is minimized. The program also reflects the assumptions that a debriefing, however belated, from military experience is essential, and that the clinical regimen should enable veterans to resume the transition to adulthood that the war interrupted. The average stay is five months; preliminary evaluation indicates that 60 per cent of the veterans achieve relief from acute psychological distress, resolve a crisis with a spouse or significant other, and begin a job or schooling.

California↗
PubMed1981

Using the Draw-A-Person (DAP) Test in sex therapy.

This paper describes eight years of experience in using the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test in sex therapy. The DAP was used as part of the initial assessment and as a source of data about change during the course of therapy and at termination. The DAP test was found to be a helpful adjunct to clinical observation with regard to both intrapsychic and interpersonal factors, and it is recommended as a tool which may be useful to other sex therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Potency of killed plague vaccines prepared from avirulent Yersinia pestis.

Killed plague vaccines prepared from avirulent strains A1122 and EV76S of Yersinia pestis were more effective in mouse potency tests than samples of Plague Vaccine, USP, prepared from killed Y. pestis of the virulent strain 195/P. Manufacture of vaccine from avirulent Y. pestis would obviate requirements for the large containment facilities that are currently needed for producing Plague Vaccine, USP.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Complex of meningococcal group B polysaccharide and type 2 outer membrane protein immunogenic in man.

A noncovalent complex of meningococcal group B polysaccharide and type 2 outer membrane protein has been characterized and its potential as a vaccine against group B meningococcal disease investigated. The polysaccharide component was found to have a partition coefficient, K(d), of 0.34 on Sepharose CL-4B in the presence of sodium deoxycholate. The protein consisted of four to five major proteins including the principal outer membrane protein. Hydrophobic binding between the protein and polysaccharide was demonstrated by gel filtration and isopycnic CsCl density gradient centrifugation and found to involve all of the proteins. After demonstrating safety and immunogenicity in animals, two lots of vaccine were tested in a total of eight volunteers. Two 120-mug doses were given subcutaneously at 0 and 5 wk. Mild local reactions occurred in all eight volunteers, but no systemic reactions were observed. 2 wk after the first dose, six of the volunteers had increased levels of bactericidal antibodies against both the group B polysaccharide and the outer membrane proteins. Antibody rises to the group B polysaccharide (mean 6-fold) were confirmed by passive hemagglutination assays and rises to the proteins (mean 10-fold) by a solid phase radioimmunoassay. The second dose resulted in little or no increase in antibody titers. Antibody titers declined over a period of 14 wk but mostly remained above preimmunization levels. Bactericidal antibodies with specificity for the group B polysaccharide were mostly of the immunoglobulin (Ig)M class, and were directed against a determinant associated only with high molecular weight polysaccharides. We conclude that both the group B polysaccharide and the outer membrane protein are immunogenic in man when presented as a complex and that the complex warrants further testing and development as a vaccine against group B meningococcal disease.

Adult↗