Biomedical subjects

S Berrone

Publications and source records attributed to S Berrone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Transverse maxillary distraction with a bone-anchored appliance: dento-periodontal effects and clinical and radiological results.

In 29 adult patients presenting with maxillary deficiency, a bone-anchored palatal distractor (Surgi-Tec NV, Brugge, Belgium) was applied after osteotomy of the anterolateral walls of the maxillary sinuses, midpalatal suture, and, eventually, separation of the pterygomaxillary sutures. Expansion proceeded at a rate of 0.33-0.66 mm per day and the device was retained for 4-6 months for consolidation. Active orthodontic therapy was started after 8-10 weeks. The increment of arch width and the perimeter were evaluated using dental casts. Tooth thermal sensitivity and the periodontal side effects of treatment were monitored clinically after distraction, at device removal, and after 1 year. Bone healing was also investigated during the procedure using conventional radiological techniques. This experience confirms that transverse maxillary distraction is an effective technique in adult patients, leading to the formation of new bone. There were no noticeable intraoperative complications, but postsurgical periodontal side effects were documented. The procedure offers advantages over traditional teeth-borne appliances in terms of rapidity of treatment and the absence of mechanical forces acting on the teeth. Further evaluation is required to assess the long-term stability and periodontal consequences of this technique.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Facial anthropometry and aesthetic perception in young italian subjects: their use for orthognatic surgery].

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic requests of patients undergoing orthognatic surgery have increased over time and represent nowadays the leading subjective motivation for the patient and a major aim of the treatment for the surgeon. In this regard, anthropometric evaluation has considerably improved the diagnostic capacity of the orthodontist and of the surgeon. Aim of the study is to provide the orthognatic surgeon with anthropometric normal values based on a sample of aesthetically pleasant Italian subjects and to discuss the use of a simplified aesthetical analysis in the set-up of the surgical plan and in the evaluation of treatment outcome. METHODS: The present study analyses 94 Italian subjects, by means of anthropometric measurements on photographic images, considering 28 facial proportions and 33 angular values. These figures were compared with the aesthetic judgement provided by 3 common observers and 3 orthodontists. The aesthetic score was attributed on a subjective discrete scale (common observer: above average/average/below average; orthodontist: eumorphic/ dismorphic). Data were also compared with similar evaluations on North-American and African subjects reported in the international literature. RESULTS: This study confirms the sexual dismorphism and the ethnic variability already reported by other Authors and documents specific morphological characters in the Italian population. CONCLUSIONS: The described method appears acceptably simple and consistent for clinical application. Its use in orthognatic surgery may provide objective and reproducible data for evaluating the aesthetic outcome of treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

MET receptor is overexpressed but not mutated in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm characterized by a high degree of local invasion and an elevated rate of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. It has been shown that the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Receptor Met is constitutively activated in many human tumors of epithelial origin and that it plays a critical role to confer invasive properties to neoplastic cells. Most frequently, Met activation is due to receptor overexpression, but also point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain can lead to deregulated activation. Here we show that in all the primary tumors examined this receptor is overexpressed. Direct sequencing of Met mRNAs failed to find any activating mutation in its intracellular domain. Moreover, in cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas, HGF-induced activation of Met resulted in the acquisition of invasive properties. All together these data suggest that the MET oncogene is involved in progression of squamous cell carcinoma toward an invasive-metastatic behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Dimensions and volumes of the orbit and orbital fat in posttraumatic enophthalmos.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate from 2D and 3D-CT the anatomical defects that are most likely to be responsible for posttraumatic enophthalmos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The morphology and dimensions of the orbit and of fat content were investigated in 25 patients 6-12 months after treatment for complex orbital fractures by image analysis and volumetric estimation from 2D and 3D-CT. RESULTS: The shape of orbit was very often changed from conical to more rounded due to enlargement of the posterior segment. The retrobulbar fat appeared fragmented and dislocated posteriorly. No changes were observed in the structural appearance or radiodensity of either the orbital fat or muscles. There was reduced sagittal eye projection, increased width of the orbital rim, downward dislocation of the posteromedial orbital floor, and increased volume in the posttraumatic orbits which was significantly different (P < 0.05). Enophthalmos was correlated with orbital volume and height of the retrobulbar portion of the orbit. The volume of fat did not correlate with enophthalmos. CONCLUSIONS: Posttraumatic enophthalmos appears to be more commonly related to failure in correcting the orbital volume and in reducing the outward dislocation of the posterior orbital floor and not to changes in the fat content.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1999

Maxillofacial trauma in the elderly.

PURPOSE: This article gives a general description of the incidence, causes, and complexity of maxillofacial fractures in the elderly and discusses whether modification is required in assessment, surgical indications, and techniques in such cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective clinical and radiologic study evaluated 222 patients older than 60 years of age (mean age, 70.3) hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma over the period 1987 to 1996 in the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin. The patients were classified according to the following parameters: age, cause of injury, site of trauma, presence of associated fractures, pertinent medical history, type of treatment, length of hospitalization, and complications. The data were compared with those from a control group consisting of 178 adult patients younger than 60 years of age. RESULTS: The presence of a preexisting systemic pathologic condition was the most important factor in determining hospitalization time, which was greater than in the control group. In 89 patients (40.1%), no treatment was considered necessary, whereas 133 patients (59.9%) were treated by surgery. In 115 patients (86.5%), the fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, whereas closed reduction was used in 18 patients (13.5%). There were complications with six patients (2.7%), and one died in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that surgical intervention is less frequently indicated in facial trauma of the elderly because of physiologic, psychologic, and social changes brought on by the aging process. The principles of treatment, the results, and the complications do not differ greatly in this group when compared with the normal adult population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Odontogenic kertocysts. Review of a series of cases and long-term clinical control].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study was to identify and evaluate the clinical characteristics and incidence of recidivation in a series of 40 cases of keratocyst consisting of 31 primary lesions, 7 cases of primary recidivation (17.5%) and 2 cases of secondary recidivation (5%). All the lesions were large sized and were treated using surgery. All patients underwent an annual clinical control for a minimum follow-up of seven years. METHODS: The authors present a series of 40 odontogenic keratocysts treated between 1985 and 1996 by the Division of Maxillofacial Surgery at Turin University. The series consisted of 40 keratocysts including 31 primary lesions, 7 cases of primary recidivation (17.5%) and 2 cases of secondary recidivation (5%); 12 patients were female (38.7%) and 19 were male (61.3%). The mean age of patients was 42 years old. The clinical records and enclosed X-ray documentation (OPT X-ray, head X-ray, face X-ray) were examined for each patient, together with histological findings. Each case then underwent an annual follow-up. RESULTS: The review of clinical data and the examination of X-ray documentation showed that 28 lesions developed in the mandible and only 3 cases in the upper jaw. From a therapeutic point of view, keratocysts localised in a mandibular site were managed using cystectomy in 19 cases and in 18 cases this was followed by marsupialisation. Caldwell-Luc's operation was used in 2 cases of intrasinusal maxillary development, whereas the single case of extrasinusal development underwent cystectomy. Recidivation always involved the mandible and occurred in 22% of cases within 5 years of surgery. Of the 19 cases undergoing simple cystectomy, 8 cases (42%) revealed recidivation. Only one (5.5%) of 18 cases treated using cystectomy and marsupialisation showed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of their experience and in view of the specific characteristics of keratocysts, in particular the tendency to undergo recidivation, the authors affirm that annual clinical and radiological controls are indispensable and important, including biopsy where necessary, in order to diagnose new lesions promptly irrespective of the surgical technique used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid process: long-term follow-up after coronoidotomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of treatment by intraoral coronoidotomy and prolonged physiotherapy in five patients with mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia. Five consecutive cases of coronoid process hyperplasia were studied (two unilateral and three bilateral) at the Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery of the University of Turin during the period 1985-1990. All patients were treated by intraoral coronoidotomy and given physiotherapy from the third postoperative day. This continued for an entire year. A clinical and radiological follow-up (average 39.4 months), in three cases over a 5-year period, was completed. Three months after the operation, all patients had achieved satisfactory improvement in mandibular interincisal opening. The mean value for mouth opening at the end of follow-up was 42 mm. Radiographic follow-up showed the presence of a coronoid process almost the size of the original, apparently united with the mandibular ascending ramus, with moderate dislocation and inclination posterior to the body of the zygomatic bone. The results of this study indicate that treatment of coronoid process hyperplasia by intraoral coronoidotomy, when combined with prolonged postoperative physiotherapy, gives satisfactory and stable long-term results in the correction of coronoid-malar interference.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Removable prostheses with controlled distribution of forces on endosseous implants].

The differentiated behaviour of dental abutments and alveolar mucosal tissues following functional loading has always created design problems in the field of removable partial prostheses. This situation of disequilibrium is particularly clear when natural piers are replaced by osteointegrated implants which are by definition unable to adapt to the masticatory load. In order to avoid this different behaviour, the authors feel it is advisable to use a removable partial prosthesis fitted with telescopic retention, defined as "controlled distribution of the forces", which can transfer the functional masticatory load to the osteointegrated implants and alveolar mucosal structures in a harmonious, balanced and homogeneous manner. The authors give a detailed description of the structure and working of this particular type of prosthesis, highlighting its advantages, namely: 1) controlled distribution of occlusal forces to osteointegrated implants and alveolar osteomucosal structures; 2) reduced number of implants required (2 are sufficient); 3) stability of prosthesis comparable to a fixed structure; 4) possibility of removing the latter with the advantage of maintaining oral hygiene around implants; 5) reduced size of prosthesis. Given that this type of prosthesis has been designed, realized and fitted to natural piers, with optimal clinical results, by the Dental Implant Department of the Dentistry Clinic of Turin University since 1969, the authors affirm that this prosthetic structure is particularly suitable in cases of edentulism with advanced maxillary atrophy.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗

PubMed1997

[The validation of stereolithographic anatomical replicas: the authors' own experience and a review of the literature].

The visual three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of CT findings has been used since the Seventies to design and plan complex surgical procedures. The availability of such models and the development of computer science have permitted, since the mid-Eighties, the medical use of rapid prototyping for anatomical modelling. We studied the technical steps of CT data processing for rapid prototyping and the dimensional and structural accuracy of replicas of skeletal components relative to the originals. A dried mandible and an arthrotic hip joint were compared with their stereolithographic replicas using the measurements made on CT images. The 3D graphic models were processed with a commercially available software and replicated with an SLA 250 stereolithographer (3D System Inc, Valencia CA, USA). Satisfactory morphologic agreement was found between the original and its replica. The mandibular replica exhibited dimensional errors ranging 0 to 4.03%, z-axis shortening and an increase in gonial angle, but with a reliable reproduction of details. The hip replica exhibited dimensional errors ranging .2% to 8.53%; it appeared to be less affected than the mandibular replica by geometrical distortion but it was less accurate in the reproduction of cancellous bone and arthrosis. The accuracy of the solid replicas depends, in the different manufacturing steps, on several factors, namely: during data acquisition, the accuracy and suitability of original data, depending in turn on equipment and examination parameters--especially the algorithm, acquisition time, gantry tilt and slice thickness; image thresholding and manipulation procedures during graphic model creation; data transfer, creation of the necessary supports and replica finishing during manufacturing; residual polymerization affected by environmental agents and preservation conditions during maintenance.

Hip Joint↗

PubMed1996

[Brown tumor of the jaws].

Brown tumour is one of the forms in which fibrous-cystic osteitis, which represents the terminal stage of the bone remodelling processes during primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism, is manifested. For years brown tumour was regarded as a typical lesion of primary hyperparathyroidism, but cases of brown tumours in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure were increasingly often reported in the literature. From an epidemiological point of view, the frequency of brown tumours in patients with renal insufficiency is extremely variable, as is the bone site affected. Several bone segments can be affected at once, but the ethmoid and frontal sinus are rarely reported. Symptoms are caused by the considerable dimensions of the brown tumour and its localisation: in the jawbones it may present sometimes painful, hard and clearly palpable swellings; if large, the tumour may deform the appearance of the bone segments affected or alter the function of the masticatory apparatus. In other cases, there is a complete absence of clinical symptoms and diagnosis may be totally coincidental during the radiological examinations. In histological terms, brown tumours are made up by a cell population consisting of rounded or spindle-like mononucleate elements, mixed with a certain number of plurinucleate giant cells, resembling osteoclastic cells, among which recent haemorrhagic infiltrates and hemosiderin deposits (hence the brown colour) are often found. The aim of this study was to report three cases from a population of 107 patients undergoing haemodialysis at the Turin University Centre. In conclusion, the localisation of maxillary brown tumours appears to prefer a young, female population; brown tumours are rarely an early sign of hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients, but they often appear in conditions of advanced hyperparathyroidism which have escaped medical control either owing to unsuitable therapy or scant patient compliance; they are rapidly evolving lesions whose regression may be very slow or not occur even after total parathyroidectomy; the severity of the lesion caused by a brown tumour may lead to evident osteolysis in the maxillofacial district, thus suggesting the need for early and regular radiological screening; in the event of lesions which are already present, from the authors' point of view, the choice of treatment must be oriented towards parathyroidectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Adenophlegmons of the neck area. A case report and review of the literature].

Adenopathies in general and cervicofacial adenopathies in particular are a pathology that can affect both medical and surgical disciplines. They may be found in both acute and chronic disorders, in children and in adults, and in local or systemic forms with benign or malignant pathogenesis. It is clear that the differential diagnosis and consequently the therapeutic approach may be complicated at times by the variety of pathological processes. Interest in the case reported her is, in our opinion, justified by the rare finding in the age of antibiotics of such striking symptoms. The severity of local symptoms and the general conditions of the patient resulted in the need for surgery under anesthesia in order to enable the extensive collection of purulent matter to be drained. The postoperative course showed a marked and progressive improvement of the patient's general and local conditions, even a few hours after surgery. Given that several factors contribute to determining the evolution of septic conditions (patient's general and in particular immunological status) and given that, owing to the aspecific nature of symptoms, the diagnosis and relative specific therapy may be delayed, it can be seen that the clinical picture may evolve and be complicated by massive general manifestations, sufficient in extreme cases to endanger the patient's life, in the form of acute and sudden respiratory disorders and or more gradually with generalised septic conditions (encephalitis, mediastinitis and generalised sepsis). The objective to be attained is therefore a careful diagnosis and the immediate implementation of medical procedures in order to remove the cause that has triggered off the pathology.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Fine needle biopsy in the preoperative diagnosis of parotid tumors].

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is of particular interest in the parotid sites because, here, pathology with different treatments and prognosis manifest themself in the same way. The preoperative diagnosis of neoplasm is often problematic. As is known, this is correlated to several factors including histology, clinical and instrumental semiology. The instrumental image techniques (sialography, thermography, scintigraphy, ultrasound diagnosis, tac sialo-tac) give information as to size and location of the mass in question. Only rarely does it give any indication of whether the mass is malignant or benign. The authors systematically studied 386 parotid tumors. The method utilises a traditional technique (needle n. 12/2 gauge 1/4) and microscope examination with immediate dyeing to verify the correctness of the sample. 352 cases underwent surgery with subsequent histological verification. The results demonstrated a generical concordance of cytology and histology in the diagnosis of malignancy equal to 95%. The concordance of exact histology was 91%. The discordance regards, above all, the malignant neoplasm and particularly the mucoepidermoide and the adenoid cystic carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration demonstrates absolute specificity in the differential diagnosis between parotid and extraparotid pathology.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed1994

[Dermoid cysts of the oral floor. A clinical case report and review of the literature].

The authors report two cases of dermoid cysts of the oral floor. The incidence of this pathology in this region is difficult to assess due to the rarity of reported cases. In particular, dermoid cysts appear to derive from the inclusion of epithelial cells on the median line in the fusion point between the first and second branchial arch. Other pathogenetic causes are however reported in the literature, namely traumatic epidermal implants during fetal development in utero. Dermoid cysts are most frequently manifested between the second and sixth decade of life, although cases of younger and older patients have been reported. All the authors agree that there is no sex-related preference. In general, the patient becomes aware of the pathology due to the gradual deterioration of locoregional functional signals: difficulties related to speech, chewing and swallowing. These symptoms are closely correlated to the size of the lesion. The development of the cyst is usually slow and does not involve painful symptoms, but it may become rapid and painful in the presence of concomitant phlogistic processes. In the first case an 18-year-old patient reported the appearance some 4 years earlier of a swelling measuring approximately 4 x 2 cm, involving the entire front portion of the oral floor; the swelling was spontaneously painful. Having been referred to the authors'attention the patient showed a swelling which was localized on the mid oral floor, the size of a tangerine and with a hard elastic consistency and taut, shiny mucous covering; the swelling was apparently normotrophic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Odontogenic keratocysts. A report on cases with long-term histological review and clinical follow-up].

Keratocysts are cysts characterised by the keratinisation of the wall. Keratinisation may be observed in almost all types of cysts found at the level of the maxillary bones. The preferred location is the mandible. Keratocysts can belong to clinical symptoms of Gorlin's syndrome. In this case they are generally multiple and are associated with basocellular nevi and vertebral and costal anomalies. Keratocysts often relapse since their epithelium has a more rapid rate of growth than other maxillary cysts. Their correct treatment entails the radical enucleation of the cystic lesion or its marsupialization; the most aim is the complete removal of the cystic wall. We think that often is not necessary the use of more radical bone surgery (plugs, resections) except in those cases with multiple relapses. This paper reports a review of the clinical cases of keratocyst in the maxillary bone observed by the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department of the Turin University since 1980 to 1991. The anatomo-pathological diagnosis of keratocyst has been introduced in Turin University after 1985; for this reason an histological review has been performed on the whole series of cysts with suspected characteristics observed during the past decade.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Anatomicosurgical comments on the importance of the spinal accessory nerve].

The preserved integrity of the spinal accessory nerve plays an extremely important role in cervico-facial surgery since the majority of surgical approaches involve this nervous structure. Following a short historical outline of the surgical method, the Authors illustrate the anatomo-topographical aspects and anatomo-surgical problems. A number of points emerge from a review of the literature which are vital to isolate the spinal accessory nerve: 1) the transversal apophysis of the atlas is particularly prominent in the retrostyloid space and lies half-way across an imaginary horizontal segment connecting the mastoid process with the angle of the mandible; 2) the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at approximately six centimetres from the mastoid process; 3) the nervous point of Erb located at the point where the superficial branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the nerve generally emerges from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle two centimetres above this point and two centimetres below it the nerve meets the anterior edge of the trapezius). This is followed by an analysis of the possible complications deriving from lesions to this vital nervous structure. The resection of the spinal accessory nerve leads to the so-called "shoulder syndrome" mainly due to the denervation of the trapezius. This syndrome is characterised by the onset of regional pain, the typical deformation of the shoulder joint and functional deficit. The deformation is provoked by the decreased muscular strength of the superior and middle portion of the trapezius manifested as the rocking of the shoulder and a higher superointernal angle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accessory Nerve↗

PubMed1992

[Primary reconstruction of the anterior sublingual sulcus with a nasolabial flap after the resection of a malignant neoplasm].

The reconstruction of the loss of substance from the oral floor following demolitive cancer surgery aims to guarantee adequate tongue movement and the consequent preservation of phonatory and swallowing functions, as well as the possibility of using prosthetic rehabilitation. Large defects are resolved using musculocutaneous or free vascularised flaps, whereas smaller defects may be closed by first intention using alveolo-lingual suture. There are a number of drawbacks to this method: occurrence of fistulas immediately after surgery and secondary ankyloglossia. It is then necessary to resort to a second operation using dermoepidermic graft and plastic surgery of the oral floor to liberate the tongue. These problems may be resolved using a nasolabial flap. The flap can be prepared using either an upper or lower peduncle, it is relatively simple to perform and does not significantly prolong operating times. The contemporary dissection of the neck with ligature of the facial artery does not in our experience significantly influence flap vascularisation. The main drawback is the limited size of the flap (on average it is 6-7 cm long with a maximum width of 3-4 cm at the base. The upper edge is equally placed 7-10 mm from the medial side). The flap must be sufficiently thick to ensure an adequate blood supply to subcutaneous tissue, but the dissection plane must be sufficiently near the surface to preserve the facial nerve. It is important to prepare the graft bed so as to avoid creating tension after suture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Schwannoma located in the tongue. A clinical case report].

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma and neurofibroma are two tumors of the peripheral nerves originating in the nerve sheaths. Schwannoma account for just over 1% of benign tumors reported in the oral cavity. The tongue is unanimously considered the most frequent site at this level; however, the tip is the least affected part of the organ. The case of schwannoma reported here is the third observed with a lingual localization in 18 years by the Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of The Odontostomatological Clinic of the University of Turin. The case is of interest due the rarity of this pathology and the presence of non-significant symptoms for a presumed initial diagnosis. CASE REPORT. A 21-year-old woman was referred to our attention following the appearance two years earlier of a slowly growing swelling on the tip of the tongue. The patient complained of the fastidious presence, disturbance to mastication and phonation and occasional paresthesia of the tip of the tongue. The small mass, which was clearly evident on examination, was covered with normal mucosa. On palpation it had a hard-elastic consistency; it was slightly painful, smooth and partial mobile on surrounding levels. The patient underwent the surgical removal of the neoplasia under anesthesia. The mass was well capsulated and a good cleavage plane was easily found. The neoformation was yellowy grey, oval bean-shaped, measuring 1.9 x 1.3 x 1.1 cm. The histological diagnosis, confirmed by immunohistochemical tests, was benign Antoni's, type A schwannoma. The postoperative period was good an there was no recidivation during the course of a one-year follow-up. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Benign schwannoma, which are relatively rare in the oral cavity, represent a pathology which are often not taken into account during clinical practice. Symptoms which take the form of slight hypoesthesia and vague paresthesia may lead to the suspected diagnosis of this type of neoplasia. The final diagnosis is always made after a definitive histological examination. Differential diagnosis must be made in relation to malignant tumors (on the basis of anamnestic data relating to the speed of growth and clinical appearance of the neoplasia) and, above all, in relation to numerous benign neoformations based on epithelial and connective tissues (lipoma, fibroma, leiomyoma and adenoma). Treatment is always surgical: in the case reported here, the exeresis of the lesion also allowed its histological characterization (excisional biopsy). Surgery was conservative and did not require local or locoregional prophylactic measures. After the final histological diagnosis of schwannoma, the patient underwent a thorough general objective examination to check the presence of other characteristic signs of Von Recklinghausen's syndrome, have a probability of malignant degeneration ranging between 5 and 16%. Isolated schwannoma hardly ever become malignant and in general, if exeresis is complete, no recidivation occurs after surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Keratoacanthoma of the lower lip. A review of the literature and clinical case report].

The authors report a case of keratoacanthoma localized on the prolabium of the lower lip. They focus their attention on the difficulty of making a correct diagnosis and on the complexity of differential diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma. After incisional biopsy of the lesion, treatment took the form of the complete excision of the neoplasm which is indispensable for a definitive diagnosis. The keratoacanthoma, although being an absolutely benign lesion, in fact requires complete exeresis in order to perform an histological examination of the entire neoplastic mass and thus definitively rule put the presence of squamous cell carcinoma. If correctly performed, the operation leaves very little scarring and satisfies the patient's esthetic and psychological expectations.

Biopsy↗