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Biomedical subjects

S Bhaduri

Publications and source records attributed to S Bhaduri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Vulval Crohn's disease-- a multi-specialty approach.

We report a case of Crohn's disease where the patient initially presented with vulval ulceration to the gynaecology unit. Initial investigations were planned jointly by both the gynaecology and genitourinary medicine staff. An examination under general anaesthetic by both teams was performed and biopsies taken. These showed a chronic inflammatory process with epithelioid granulomas. The teams then referred the case to the dermatology team who made the diagnosis of vulval Crohn's disease and initiated treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. The case illustrates the need for a multi-speciality approach when dealing with such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Gradient surface porosity in titanium dental implants: relation between processing parameters and microstructure.

To be successful, an implant should be biocompatible, strong and contain surface pores to promote osseointegration. A one-step microwave sintering procedure of titanium powders was attempted in this work. The idea was to take advantage of the peculiar way microwave couple with metallic powders, i.e. generating heat in the interior of the sample and dissipating it away through the surface. This non-conventional heating of titanium powder produced a dense core with surface porosity. The dense core provides the strength while the surface pores promote bone growth. The experiments were carried out in a semi-industrial grade microwave cavity using a alpha-SiC susceptor. Power levels of 1-1.5 kW, and soaking periods of approximately 30 min were used. Microstructural characterization was carried out by a scanning electron microscope. The sintered titanium had gradient porosity on the surface with a thickness of about 100-200 microm depending on the microwave power. The pores were interconnected with size ranging from 30 to 100 microm. This kind of microstructure is favorable for cell growth. Tensile strength values as high as 400 MPa were obtained for these samples.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2004

Surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in the West Midlands using anonymised individual patient datasets from genitourinary medicine clinics.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) declined in the UK during the 1980s and early 1990s but have increased substantially since 1995. Within the overall increase there are important differences in the epidemiology of these infections. The current, aggregate system of STI data collection in the UK provides limited demographic information and is unable to fully explain these differences. More useful information can be obtained using an enhanced surveillance system that collects disaggregate, anonymised, individual patient data including ethnic group and truncated postcode of residence. Such a system has been set up in the West Midlands NHS region. The methodology of the project is described here along with the findings to date. These findings confirm that the burden of STIs disproportionately affects young persons, men who have sex with men, black ethnic minority groups and those living in urban areas. Identifying the groups at greatest risk in this way enables interventions to be more usefully targeted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Spin-spin cross relaxation in single-molecule magnets.

The one-body tunnel picture of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is not always sufficient to explain the measured tunnel transitions. An improvement to the picture is proposed by including also two-body tunnel transitions such as spin-spin cross relaxation (SSCR) which are mediated by dipolar and weak superexchange interactions between molecules. A Mn4 SMM is used as a model system. At certain external fields, SSCRs lead to additional quantum resonances which show up in hysteresis loop measurements as well-defined steps. A simple model is used to explain quantitatively all observed transitions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of multiplex PCR, PCR-ELISA and fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assays for detection of plasmid-bearing virulent Yersinia enterocolitica in swine feces.

Swine are implicated as the principal animal reservoir for plasmid-bearing Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP(+)) strains that are pathogenic to humans. To evaluate the utility of the PCR for detection of YEP(+) strains in naturally-contaminated pig feces, samples were first enriched in Irgasan ticarcillin potassium chlorate broth for 48 h at 25 degrees C and then tested by multiplex PCR, PCR-ELISA, and fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assays. Three different primer sets for amplification of the ail gene sequences were used in these three assays. Three out of 50 (6%) samples were positive for YEP(+) strains using the multiplex PCR targeting the chromosomal ail (170 bp) and plasmid virF (591 bp) genes. Two of the 3 samples positive by the multiplex PCR were also positive by the PCR-ELISA method using primers targeting the ail gene (425 bp). In contrast, the fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay failed to detect an ail gene sequence (118 bp) in any of the 50 samples. These results indicate that the multiplex PCR was the most reliable and sensitive assay for detecting YEP(+) strains in feces among the three assays evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Sample preparation methods for PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef chuck shoulder using a single enrichment medium.

To improve the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for food samples, methods for preparing template DNA were developed to remove PCR inhibitors. Beef chuck shoulder medallions, artificially contaminated, individually or in combination, with Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strain FSIS 45753-35, Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strain 13HP, or Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A at concentrations of 10, 1 and 0.5 cfu/cm(2)were swabbed with a sponge, and the sponges were enriched for 18 h at 37 degrees C in universal pre-enrichment broth (UPB). Enriched broth cultures (EBC), cell pellets (CP), or phosphate-buffered saline-washed cell pellets (PBSCP) from enriched sponge samples were compared for detection of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium DT104, or L. monocytogenes by the PCR using the BAX(TM)system. Recovery of the three organisms was effective for detection of each pathogen at initial levels of 10, 1 and 0.5 cfu/cm(2)when inoculated separately, or in combination, onto the beef samples. Use of EBC, CP, or PBSCP of sponge-swabbed samples eliminated problems associated with inhibition of the PCR by food components, time-consuming extraction of DNA, and inhibition due to large amounts of non-target DNA derived from the food. The procedure involving enrichment of sponge-swabbed beef samples in UPB followed by PCR amplification using EBC with the BAX system is the most efficient and simple method for detection of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pyogenic granuloma of the penis--don't squeeze them.

We report the case of a pyogenic granuloma on the shaft of the penis presenting with active bleeding secondary to attempted expression. Previously reported cases have documented such lesions on the prepuce and glans.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A review of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract in HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the use of percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract in HIV-infected patients to obtain a tissue diagnosis. DESIGN: The technique was used in relation to relevant clinical situations in which a diagnosis may have only been reached by open biopsy. METHOD: Three HIV-infected patients with suspected gastrointestinal tract lesions underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy under local anaesthetic. RESULTS: A tissue diagnosis was made in each case resulting in initiation or continuation of appropriate therapy and avoided the need for open biopsy under general anaesthetic. CONCLUSION: Although the number of patients undergoing the procedure in this series was small, the technique has so far been shown to be safe and effective with few complications.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Haematospermia associated with malignant hypertension.

Haematospermia is generally regarded as a benign, self limiting condition. Although no obvious cause is found in most cases, an uncommon but important predisposing factor is severe uncontrolled hypertension. We describe a case illustrating the need to routinely measure blood pressure in such instances.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A simplified sample preparation method from various foods for PCR detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica: a possible model for other food pathogens.

A simplified method for the direct application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect plasmid-bearing virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) in a variety of foods. Strains of YEP+ representing five serotypes were detected in enriched swab samples of artificially contaminated pork chops, ground pork, cheese and zucchini using multiplex PCR analysis. The method was also effective for identifying YEP+ strains in naturally contaminated porcine tongues. The use of swabs eliminated time-consuming extraction of DNA from food, inhibition of PCR by food-derived DNA, interference by background flora and reduced the time needed for processing samples. The detection of other food pathogens should be feasible by this technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Maximizing plasmid stability and production of released proteins in Yersinia enterocolitica.

Virulent serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica carry a plasmid (pYV) encoding a family of proteins that are released into the medium and whose expression is temperature and calcium regulated. The plasmid is easily lost from cells during their growth in the laboratory. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with a monoclonal antibody (3.2C) that is specific for a 25-kDa released protein to show that 32 degrees C is the lowest temperature at which plasmid-encoded proteins are expressed in quantity. The highest calcium concentration allowing full expression of these proteins was 445 to 545 microM at 32 degrees C. Calcium concentrations of 745 microM and above at 37 degrees C completely prevented the loss of pYV during multiple subcultures, while at 32 degrees C, calcium concentrations of 245 microM and greater were sufficient to stabilize the plasmid. Growth of Y. enterocolitica at pH 5.5 was slower than at neutral pH values, but it also resulted in greatly increased stability of pYV. These studies showed that bacterial growth, retention of pYV, and expression of plasmid-encoded proteins may be maximized at 32 degrees C with 445 microM calcium and that pYV stability is enhanced by growth at low pH. These observations suggest new approaches for isolation of plasmid-bearing virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica from samples contaminated with this organism and also may improve our understanding of pYV retention in vivo.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and properties of an ATP transporter from a strain of Aspergillus niger.

A purified ATP transporter from Aspergillus niger did not show release or uptake for any of the nucleotides (ADP or UTP) except ATP. The release and uptake did not result from non-specific binding, but appeared to be concentration-dependent processes. ATP was shown by a double-isotopic technique to be transported across membrane vesicles without degradation. The ATP-transport protein was purified to near homogeneity from the membrane vesicles of a strain of A. niger and its apparent Mr was approximately 60000. The purified protein showed the properties of a membrane-bound protein in that the carrier protein was shown, during the liposome-preparative process, to translocate from the aqueous phase into the lipid bilayer of the liposome, unlike the cytosolic protein glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which remained confined to the aqueous compartment. Mycobacillin, a lipid-reactive antibiotic, was bound to the transport protein at a site other than the ATP-binding site, leading to its enhanced release or uptake, which was very feeble in absence of the antibiotic.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

GP's management of genital Chlamydia: a survey of reported practice.

BACKGROUND: Genital chlamydial infection is the commonest curable sexually transmitted disease in the industrialized world. Little is known about how GPs manage this condition. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine current knowledge concerning genital chlamydia among GPs and to establish how patients with this infection are managed in primary care. METHODS: A confidential self-administered postal questionnaire survey was sent to all 494 GPs in one English health district (Leicestershire). RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned by 290 GPs (a response rate of 59%). A much higher proportion of GPs had tested and/or treated female patients for chlamydia [70%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 64-75%] as opposed to male patients (20%, CI 15-25%). Female patients (70%, CI 64-75%) were also more likely to be managed in general practice than male patients (56%, CI 50-62%). A majority of GPs (66%, CI 60-72%) routinely used an appropriate method of testing for chlamydia although a high vaginal swab, an inappropriate method of testing, was used by a fifth of GPs (19%, CI 15-24%). A large number of different treatment regimes were used by GPs. The majority of GPs (85%, CI 79-89%) prescribed an appropriate antibiotic although few GPs (19%, CI 14-25%) specified a chlamydia treatment regime in accordance with accepted international guidelines with respect to drug, dosage and duration of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Female patients with known or suspected genital chlamydial infection are commonly managed in UK general practice. There is scope to improve the management of this infection in general practice.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗