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Biomedical subjects

S Bhardwaj

Publications and source records attributed to S Bhardwaj.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Traditional processing treatments as a promising approach To enhance the functional properties of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. toria) and sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) meals.

Different processing treatments were applied to rapeseed and sesame seed meals, and the functional properties of these products were assessed. All treatments except puffing for both meals and pressure cooking in sesame meal increased water absorption capacity (WAC). Fat absorption capacity (FAC) of rapeseed meals was enhanced significantly by all treatments. The full-fat meals of both sources showed maximum protein solubility when fermented and minimum protein solubility when pressure-cooked. Germinated and microwave-cooked meals enhanced foaming properties of rapeseed meals. Heat treatments, except microwave cooking, considerably reduced emulsifying properties of both meals. Fermentation and germination increased the specific viscosity of rapeseed meals, whereas processed sesame meals showed lower viscosity than dry sesame meals.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

GABA agonists and neurotransmitters metabolizing enzymes in steroid-primed OVX rats.

The effect of intraventricular (IVT) administration of GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen was examined on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and Na+, K(+)-ATPase in discrete areas of brain from estrogen-progesterone primed ovariectomized rats. AChE enzyme activity was increased in two subcellular fractions (soluble and total particulate) studied, with statistically significant changes in cerebral hemispheres (CH), cerebellum (CB), thalamus (TH) and hypothalamus (HT), Na+, K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity was decreased in both these fractions. MAO activity increased significantly in CH, TH and HT. The presented results suggest a functional relationship between GABAergic (inhibitory), cholinergic and monoaminergic (excitatory) systems by affecting the rate of degradation of the excitatory neurotransmitters and Na+, K(+)-ATPase.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Word-association emotional indicators: associations with anxiety, psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and creativity.

Word-association emotional indicators (e.g., long reaction time, response repetition) were studied in relation to anxiety, psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and creativity. Two hundred fifty male university students in India completed 5 measures. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated that (a) rare but not bizarre and atypical word associations were related to creativity; (b) rare word associations that were bizarre, isolated, and atypical were positively related to psychoticism and to psychopathic deviation; (c) long reaction time and repetition of the stimulus word before responding were related to suspiciousness, and (d) the P scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) tapped some features of social anhedonia, social deviance, and mild antisocial behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of mild malnutrition on disaccharidase activity and glucose uptake in intestinal brush border vesicles of growing monkeys.

BACKGROUND: The effect of severe malnutrition has been reported by some workers, but there is a paucity of information on milder forms even though 85% of pre-school children show evidence of mild to moderate malnutrition in India. METHODS: Mild to moderate protein energy malnutrition was induced in 12 monkeys, and 12 were kept as controls. After a 30-40% reduction in body weight as compared with their controls, the animals were killed, and brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from three small parts of the small intestine. Purified vesicles were used for the assay of lactase, sucrase, maltase and glucose uptake in vitro. RESULTS: The activity of lactase, sucrase, and maltase, and uptake of (U-14C)-D-glucose was decreased in all three parts of small intestine, and the lactose tolerance test result was also abnormal in the protein energy-malnourished group. On nutritional rehabilitation, the disaccharidase activities recovered completely. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that even mild to moderate malnutrition decreases the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates throughout the small intestine, and it should not be ignored during the developing stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An intensive sequenced adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer.

Twenty-two women (17 pre- and 5 postmenopausal) with nodepositive, stage II breast carcinoma were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 16 weeks of intensive CMFVP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone) administered in the original dose and schedule of the "Cooper regimen," followed by four monthly, 3-day cycles of escalating doxorubicin. Toxicity was related primarily to myelosuppression associated with the doxorubicin component of the treatment regimen. All patients recovered without sequelae. No patient developed significant cardiac toxicity. With a median follow-up of 43 months (range: 20-89 months), two postmenopausal patients and one premenopausal patient have relapsed at 35, 37, and 42 months, respectively. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, there is an 80.5% chance of disease-free survival to 42 months. The feasibility of administering adjuvant CMFVP followed by intensive doxorubicin has been established. The pilot results warrant comparative trial with the best of current regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced melanoma.

It appears that monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates may have a role in the radioimmunodiagnosis of melanoma. The precise method of administering the immunoconjugate still remains to be defined. Also evident is the possibility of treating patients with metastatic melanoma with repeated doses of a monoclonal antibody ricin A-chain immunotoxin, but appropriate dosing schedules of the immunotoxin need to be explored further. The agents selected for suppressing the immune response need further study.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Predictors of physician nonadherence to chemotherapy regimens.

Physician nonadherence to cancer treatment regimens may diminish treatment efficacy and compromise clinical research. The influence of clinical, demographic, and psychosocial patient characteristics on physician adherence to breast cancer chemotherapy was investigated, as was the role of the clinician's attitudes concerning the chemotherapy. One hundred seven women recently diagnosed with breast cancer were followed for 26 weeks of treatment. Fifty-six (52%) of the patients experienced unjustified modification for at least one chemotherapeutic agent. Stepwise multiple regression revealed independent contributions of increased patient age, treatment setting (clinic versus academic or community private practice), and stage of disease to physician nonadherence. Regimen complexity, delay in seeking treatment, and presence of psychiatric disorder did not contribute, in general, to unjustified regimen modifications. Patient psychological and psychiatric factors, however, did influence prescribing behavior for vincristine. Physician awareness of factors contributing to unnecessary treatment modifications may reduce the frequency of such behaviors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

New approaches to cancer treatment.

New approaches to cancer treatment include methods that improve the ability of the patient to tolerate the administration of aggressive chemotherapy. The use of bone marrow transplantation, hematopoietic growth factors, biologic response modifiers and toxicity-specific protective agents have potential for improving the response rates of several cancers and of improving patient survival. Further study of these treatment strategies, coupled with advances related to the clinical application of mechanisms for reversing chemotherapy drug resistance have important relevance for the future.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

Patient noncompliance with self-administered chemotherapy.

The contribution of patient factors to nonadherence with self-administered cancer chemotherapy along with its prevalence was studied. Fifty-one patients with breast cancer enrolled in protocols that included the orally administered medications Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) and/or prednisone were interviewed and assessed at five points in time over a 6-month period. Two summary measures of patient nonadherence derived by self-report were developed: (1) dosage, the overall percentage of drug missed during 26 weeks of treatment; and (2) behavioral, the percentage of behavioral events or prescribing occasions on which a criterion level of drug was missed. Twenty-two patients (43%) met criteria for noncompliance according to both behavioral and dosage definitions. Univariate analyses showed more nonadherence in the clinic and private community settings than in the academic setting. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the contribution of patient demographic, psychologic, and physical symptom factors on patient noncompliance. In the regression analyses patient noncompliance was associated with (1) treatment location, more nonadherence in the private community-based treatment sector than in the academic setting; and (2) income, more nonadherence among those having lower incomes. In assessing total dose requirements in clinical research trials, rates of patient nonadherence need to be considered, and treatment location controlled.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

A pilot trial of TMM (thiotepa, mitoxantrone and methotrexate) chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.

The maximum tolerated dose for a combination chemotherapy regimen of Thiotepa, Mitoxantrone and Methotrexate (TMM) administered intravenously every three weeks to twelve patients with metastatic breast cancer was: Thiotepa: 15mg/m2, Mitoxantrone: 10mg/m2 and Methotrexate: 30mg/m2. The major toxicities from the combination related to myelosuppression. Partial response was seen in 5 patients, ranging in duration from 1.25 to 10 months. Four out of eight patients who had received prior doxorubicin responded. The results are encouraging and warrant further study of this combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Schedule and dosage modification of a cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, cisplatin combination chemotherapy regimen for refractory ovarian cancer.

A cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (CHAP II) regimen produced median survival of 15 and 17 months. All patients had prior chemotherapy, 26 with cisplatin in the former group, and 27 without cisplatin in the latter group. Treatment employed both a novel sequential schedule of cisplatin (usually in the evening) 24 h before cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin and novel stepwise escalation, first of doxorubicin, then of hexamethylmelamine until either nadir white blood counts fell to 1000-1500/mm3 or platelets to 75,000-100,000/mm3. Compared to prior Mount Sinai experience: (i) survival was significantly improved; (ii) with and without prior cisplatin, response rates approached a significant improvement, 12% and 29% complete and 24% and 35% partial. Five of seven additional patients with progression during unmaintained remission also responded, two with pathologically complete remissions. Findings suggest: (i) the importance of maximum dose intensity in ovarian cancer treatment; (ii) the responsiveness of patients failing first line treatment to dose intensive treatment; (iii) the possible importance of schedule, and sequential or circadian timing of cisplatin, and other drugs; (iv) and testing revised clinical criteria of resistance to drugs.

Altretamine↗
PubMed1988

Intensive single-agent mitoxantrone for metastatic breast cancer.

Twenty-seven women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with mitoxantrone as a single agent, with the use of an intensive dose-escalating schedule. Doses were given at 0.5 mg/m2/day as an iv injection for 3 consecutive days and then were escalated each month by 2.5 mg/m2/day until maximal tolerance was reached on the basis of hematologic or cardiac toxicity. No complete responses were demonstrated. Six patients (22%) had partial responses of 5.5 months' median duration. Four of 12 patients who had not received prior doxorubicin responded (33%), whereas two of 15 patients with previous doxorubicin exposure responded (13%). Cardiotoxicity, determined by serial radionuclide ventriculography, occurred in 10 patients (37%) at a mean total mitoxantrone dose of 83.0 mg/m2. Three of these 10 patients had no predisposing risk factors, four had received thoracic radiotherapy that might have involved the heart, and three had received prior doxorubicin without clinical toxicity. The failure of dose intensification to augment the response rate when compared to the response rates reported for less myelotoxic doses of the drug, in addition to the extent of cardiotoxicity noted, calls into question the value of dose intensification of mitoxantrone in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

A phase I-II study of intensive-dose adriamycin for advanced breast cancer.

Twenty-six women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with intensive Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) as a single agent administered for three successive days once a month. Dosing started at 25 or 30 mg/m2/d three times, and was escalated by 5 mg/m2/d monthly to maximal tolerance based on hematologic, mucosal, or cardiac toxicities. Four patients (15%) had complete remissions (CRs) pathologically proven, and six others (23%) sustained complete CRs, but were found to have microscopic residual tumor (three) or refused biopsy (three). Twelve patients (46%) attained partial remission (PR). The overall response (85%) and CR rates (38%) were approximately double those reported with conventional Adriamycin doses. Median unmaintained remission duration for the ten patients in CR was 11 months. Cardiotoxicity, determined by radionuclide physiologic studies, occurred in 16 patients at a mean dose of 459 mg/m2; three patients developed reversible congestive failure. There were no toxic deaths. The median overall survival was 18 months. These data suggest that there is steep dose responsiveness to Adriamycin in metastatic breast cancer, and that more effective techniques for using Adriamycin may exist than those conventionally used.

Adult↗