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Biomedical subjects

S Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to S Bishop.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiovascular reflexes in Parkinson's disease: effect of domperidone and apomorphine.

Cardiovascular reflexes were evaluated in 18 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who had a Hoehn & Yahr score of III-IV. The effect of apomorphine and domperidone on blood pressure, heart rate, R-R interval variation, and the Valsalva ratio were studied. Autonomic dysfunction was not found in the patients and there were no differences between subgroups of patients on different treatments. Apomorphine altered cardiovascular reflexes to a greater degree in patients who received the drug for the first time than in chronically treated patients. The changes were antagonized by domperidone, a peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist. Apomorphine treated patients who were receiving long-term domperidone had similar abnormalities of cardiovascular reflexes to those who had been able to withdraw it.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum.

A patient with Crohn's disease and peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum is described. This patient is unique because she had a rapid response to intralesionally injected steroids. This treatment is ideal for peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum because it is administered intermittently when the ostomy appliance is changed and it does not interfere with adhesion of the device. All 11 cases of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum described in the literature are reviewed.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Concentrations of immunoactive inhibin in serum during human pregnancy: evidence for an ovarian contribution.

Immunoactive inhibin (ir-inhibin) concentrations in maternal serum during normal human pregnancy have been established in two separate studies employing cross-sectional and longitudinal sampling regimes. Ir-inhibin concentrations rose from the mid-luteal phase (geometric mean + 95% confidence intervals 1.490 (1.086-2.028) U mL-1) to peak at week 11 of gestation (3.77 (3.26-4.35) U mL-1), declined to a plateau from 14 to 25 weeks with means ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 U mL-1, and subsequently rose slowly to a peak of 6.53 U mL-1 at 41 weeks. In the longitudinal study, similar results were obtained and no differences were found in maternal inhibin levels in women carrying male or female fetuses. Paired cord blood and maternal samples showed no significant difference in ir-inhibin concentrations irrespective of the sex of the fetus. However, in all such pregnancies amniotic fluid ir-inhibin levels were 2-3 fold greater than maternal or fetal levels raising the possibility that the amnion may secrete inhibin. In 12 women without functional ovaries in whom a singleton pregnancy was achieved by donation of oocytes and in vitro fertilization, the ir-inhibin levels showed a similar pattern in the first trimester of pregnancy but the concentrations achieved were markedly lower (peak 1.1 U mL-1 at 9 weeks). In five women from the group in whom samples were available late in gestation, three showed greater than normal levels and two had subnormal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

The motor response to repeated apomorphine administration in Parkinson's disease.

Seven patients with Parkinson's disease and levodopa-induced motor fluctuations were studied with repeated injections of apomorphine over a 10-h period to explore possible changes in the latency, duration, and quality of motor response with recurrent dopaminergic stimulation. Doses were given when the motor effects induced by the previous dose had just worn off. No significant change in the motor response to repeated boluses of subcutaneous apomorphine was found. Our results do not support the suggestion that rapid changes in receptor sensitivity during repeated intermittent dopaminergic stimulation are a major factor in the pathogenesis of parkinsonian motor fluctuations.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Peripheral carcinoid tumours of the lung: a clinicopathological study.

Peripheral carcinoid tumours (PCT) of the lung are a distinct entity. These tumours arise from subsegmental or distal bronchioles, are usually well circumscribed and encapsulated, and contain varying amounts of spindle cells. Their histogenesis is from the Kultchitsky or neurosecretory type of cells. Of 52 patients with carcinoid tumours of the lung, 11 (21.1%) had PCT. The mean age was 60.2 years, 9 out of 11 patients were females, and about two-thirds of tumours were in the left lung (8 out of 13). No patient developed carcinoid syndrome, but three patients had nonspecific respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy was not helpful in diagnosing any of these cases. Four patients required a wedge resection of the lung; the other six underwent lobectomy. One patient had tumours detected incidentally at autopsy. Mean tumour size was 2.39 cm (range 1.0-5.0 cm); four tumours were 3.0 cm or larger in diameter. Three cases (27.3%) had regional lymph node metastases, but no systemic metastasis was discovered. Apart from the patient who was discovered to have carcinoid tumours at autopsy, all others are alive and disease-free from 1 to 6 years after surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Phonatory characteristics associated with bilateral diffuse polypoid degeneration.

This paper describes the speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and phonational range characteristics of 35 patients with bilateral diffuse polypoid degeneration. These speakers had average SFFs that were not only substantially lower than normal but also below those associated with many other types of laryngeal pathology. These patients also had phonational ranges that were substantially different from normal. Although both extremes of the pitch range were altered, the upper limit of the voice range was affected profoundly by the morphologic changes in the vocal folds that occur as a result of polypoid degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Complement activation and spleen function in erythema multiforme associated with herpes simplex virus reactivation.

Plasma C3d concentrations were measured in patients with erythema multiforme (EM) complicating herpes labialis. C3d levels were raised during cold sores but not during EM. Heat damaged red cell clearance was prolonged during EM. These observations support the concept that immune complexes disseminate herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens to skin before the onset of EM.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: reliability and validity.

While the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) has been the standard instrument for the assessment of the severity of depression for many years, this scale has a number of limitations. We developed the Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (MHRSD) to overcome some of these limitations and to enable paraprofessional research assistants to make reliable and valid assessments of depressive symptoms. The present study investigates the reliability and validity of the MHRSD. Interrater reliability among paraprofessional research assistants was excellent. The relationship between the MHRSD and expert clinician ratings on the MHRSD and the original HRSD was also high. Thus, the MHRSD appears to be a useful addition to the clinical researcher's assessment battery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hopelessness and depression.

It has been proposed that suicidal wishes in depressed patients can be reduced by modifying hopelessness (Beck et al., 1979). Hopelessness, as measured by Beck's Hopelessness Scale, has been shown to correlate strongly with suicidal indices in clinical groups. However, normative data from depressed patients are lacking. Moreover, it has yet to be shown that hopeless individuals manifest the specific cognitive distortions on which cognitive therapy focuses. Eighty-six newly referred patients with primary depression completed the Hopelessness Scale. Results indicate that pessimism is common among depressed patients, although there can be considerable individual differences. Factor analysis revealed five cognitive factors which need replication from larger studies. In a second study, 20 depressed patients were interviewed to assess the significance of different levels of hopelessness. Greater hopelessness was associated both with an increase in suicidal wishes and with more negative expectations about real-life problems. These findings emphasize the importance of hopelessness in depressed suicidal patients, and provide indirect support for the intervention proposals advanced by cognitive theorists.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in cognition with pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy.

A treatment trial comparing cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, alone and in combination, in depressed out-patients, indicated that outcome on cognitive variables was similar to outcome on mood and severity measures, pharmacotherapy being less effective than cognitive therapy or the combined treatment in a hospital and a general practice sample. While combined treatment was superior to cognitive therapy in the hospital out-patients, the two treatments were equivalent in the general practice. Significant effects were obtained on measures of views of self, the world and the future, whose validity was demonstrated. The pattern of change through treatment showed the same order of progress for responders, while non-responders to cognitive therapy tended to do worst. The specificity of treatment effect is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: a treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination.

We report an extensive study which compares cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs and a combination of these two, in depressed patients seen either in general practice or an out-patient department. One-hundred and forty patients were screened for primary major depression and 64 patients completed the trial. All were rated on seven measures of mood, including independent observer-rated and self-rated depression and scales of anxiety and irritability. Patients were randomly assigned to cognitive therapy, antidepressants or a combination of the two. The antidepressant drug group did less well in both hospital and general practice and combination treatment was superior to drug treatment in both hospital and general practice. In general practice, cognitive therapy was superior to drug treatment. The presence of endogenous features did not affect response to treatment. The results are discussed in terms of Beck's cognitive theory of depression and factors of presumed causal importance of depression in general practice.

Adolescent↗