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Biomedical subjects

S Blazer

Publications and source records attributed to S Blazer.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Neonatal septicemia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

We report our experience with coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection over a period of 1 year. The incidence of coagulase-negative staphylococcus septicemia was 4.25% (13 newborn infants) of the 306 admissions to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Ten patients (76.9%) were premature infants. Four infants in our series were less than 48 h of age. Two of these were presumably born with the infection. Six infants had involvement of the lungs. The strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci cultured from all cases of neonatal septicemia were sensitive to cephalothin, but were considerably less sensitive to the currently used antibiotic combinations. Our observations indicate that coagulase-negative staphylococci must be suspected in early or late neonatal sepsis, and that early antibiotic treatment by cephalothin may prevent morbidity.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1986

Recurrent nonimmune hydrops fetalis, A case report.

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurred in two pregnancies in one woman. The first fetus had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In both pregnancies the mother had a skin rash and subfebrile temperature when the fetal anomaly was detected. No viral, bacterial or autoimmune cause was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The use of calcium gluconate prior to verapamil in infants with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Verapamil is a useful drug for treating supraventricular tachycardia; however, severe side effects occasionally have been reported in infants. We describe here our experience with the use of a 10 percent solution of intravenous calcium gluconate prior to the use of verapamil in infants with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In all the attacks verapamil converted the supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm. We feel that calcium gluconate injected previous to verapamil can avoid the negative inotropic effects without interfering with the antiarrhythmic properties of verapamil.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed1984

Serum IgG antibodies to gliadin in children with celiac disease as measured by an immunofluorescence method.

Antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) were studied in sera from 190 patients divided into five clinical groups. Group I included 28 sera from children with newly diagnosed celiac disease on a normal diet. Group II consisted of 43 sera from children with celiac disease who were fed a gluten-free diet (GFD). Group III included 25 sera from children with celiac disease who had been in remission but exposed to a gluten-containing diet (GCD). Group IV consisted of 46 sera from children with chronic diarrheal disorders other than celiac disease. Group V included 43 sera from healthy children. The observed p values proved that (a) mean titer levels of AGAs in Groups I and III were significantly higher than the mean values for all other groups (p less than 0.001), and (b) the mean titer level of AGAs in Group II was significantly higher than the mean values for Groups IV and V. A good correlation between the AGA titers and the morphology of the duodenal mucosa was found in children with celiac disease. The examination of IgG AGAs by the immunofluorescence technique used in our study appears to be a useful tool in the follow-up of individual patients to determine adherence to a GFD.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bacterial meningitis. Effect of antibiotic treatment on cerebrospinal fluid.

The effects of full short-term antibiotic treatment on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were studied retrospectively in 68 children with acute bacterial meningitis. The features of CSF at admission were compared with those of the CSF obtained after 44-68 hours of therapy. Except in one case with H. influenzae and one case with pneumococcal meningitis, all CSF cultures were negative in the repeat specimen. In three of 16 children with meningococcal meningitis, the CSF glucose levels became normal in the second specimen. In all remaining 65 children, however, full intravenous antibiotic treatment for 44-68 hours did not alter the biochemistry and cytology of the CSF, which retained its "bacterial" character. From these findings it may be discerned that partial antibiotic treatment is even less likely to distort a 'bacterial' CSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Henoch-Schönlein syndrome--paucity of renal disease. Review of 71 children.

Different rates of renal involvement in the Henoch-Schönlein syndrome have been reported in the literature. We assessed renal involvement during the initial attack of this disease in 71 children in northern Israel, and reevaluated 69 of them after an interval of one to eight years. The mean age at onset was higher than in other reports, and there was a clustering of cases in the late summer and early autumn. During the acute phase of the illness, involvement of the kidney was apparent in only seven patients (9.8%), and only one of these (1.4% of those followed up) showed evidence of continuing renal damage. Patients without initial renal involvement did not subsequently develop renal disease. The remarkably low rate of acute and continuing renal damage in our study as compared with other reports may stem from local variations in causative factors. In our experience, long-term follow-up beyond one year seems warranted only in those patients who had renal involvement during the initial attack.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Foreign body in the airway. A review of 200 cases.

Two hundred children aged 6 months to 12 years were admitted to the hospital with a foreign body in the airway. Food materials constituted 93% of all foreign bodies. A positive history of foreign body aspiration was obtained in 88% of the cases. The most common symptoms of laryngotracheal foreign bodies were dyspnea, cough, and stridor, whereas those of bronchial foreign bodies were cough, decreased air entry, wheezing, and dyspnea. Chest fluoroscopy contributed to the diagnosis in 90% of the cases of bronchial foreign bodies, but only 32% of those in the laryngotracheal area. Of the foreign bodies removed, 98 1/2% were done by laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy, and/or bronchoscopy. Complications were involved in 6% of the cases, including one death. History of recurrent intractable pneumonia should make one consider a foreign body in the airway. Removal of one foreign body does not exclude the existence of another. The condition may be fatal; thus immediate removal of the foreign body is mandatory.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation in premature infants and children with intractable hypercapnia.

The feasibility of intratracheal pulmonary ventilation (ITPV) was tested in five ventilated moribund neonatal and pediatric patients with uncontrollable hypercapnia: a 2-year-old child, a 52-day-old infant, and three premature infants (29, 29, and 26 weeks gestation; 1300 g, 1100 g and 890 g birth weight, respectively). ITPV was applied for 9.5, 8, 25, 58.5, and 47.5 hr, respectively. An intratracheal catheter (Cook Critical Care, Inc., Bloomington, IN) with a reversed continuous flow of gas at its tip (away from the lungs) allowed flushing of CO2 from the proximal dead space. Marked reductions in Paco2, ranging from 37% to 71% and improvement in pH were achieved within 4-6 hr of applying ITPV. During ITPV, the mean lowest Paco2 was significantly less than the pre-ITPV Paco2 (p < 0.0017), and the mean best pH was significantly higher than the pre-ITPV pH (p < 0.015). In four patients, despite significant reductions in Paco2, there was no substantial improvement in their baseline condition (shock and severe metabolic acidosis or coma) and they were switched back to conventional ventilation. This led to worsening hypercapnia to pre-ITPV values. These four patients subsequently died. It is possible that these patients were already too ill to derive significant benefit from the technique. One premature infant survived, was successfully weaned to conventional ventilation and was eventually discharged home. ITPV can alleviate uncontrollable hypercapnia in ventilated neonatal and pediatric patients.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilirubin removal from a jaundiced premature infant by resin hemoperfusion.

To summarize the results: Bilirubin removal by hemoperfusion was successfully performed for the first time on a premature infant. The hemoperfusion caused no adverse effects on the clinical state of the infant. The bilirubin removed in 90 min--13 mg--indicates the existence of a large extravascular pool. Hemoperfusion is suggested for bilirubin removal from newborn babies, reducing the need for blood exchange with bank blood.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Branched-chain amino acids and respiratory pattern and function in the neonate.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) increase respiratory drive in adults and improve diaphragmatic function in vitro. This study was designed to examine the effects of increased amounts of BCAA in intravenous nutrition on respiratory function and episodes of apnea in premature infants. An open cross-over design was used, with each patient serving as his own control. Ten premature infants, 34 weeks' gestation or less, were observed. Mean gestational age was 30.6 weeks (range 27 to 33 weeks), mean birth weight was 1487 gm +/- 300 gm, and the age at study was 5 to 33 days. For three consecutive 24-hour periods, the infants received routine total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (30% BCAA), enriched TPN (53% BCAA), and routine TPN (30% BCAA). Pulmonary function, apnea frequency, blood chemistry, and amino acid pattern were measured. Enriched TPN resulted in significant increases in all infants in dynamic compliance, from 2.41 +/- 1.07 to 4.55 +/- 2.78 ml/cm H2O (p < 0.025), and in specific dynamic compliance from 1.67 +/- 0.64 to 3.1 +/- 1.51 ml/cm H2O/kg (p < 0.005). Total pulmonary resistance decreased from 40.3 +/- 23.3 to 24.0 +/- 20.9 cm H2O/L/sec (p < 0.05), and peak-to-peak pressure decreased from 5.96 +/- 0.93 to 4.09 +/- 2.34 cm H2O (p < 0.05). All values returned to baseline with resumption of the routine TPN. In four infants with significant apnea, the average number of episodes of apnea decreased from 58 during standard TPN to 11 with the enriched solution infusion during matched 12-hour periods (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗