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S Boopathy Vijayaraghavan

Publications and source records attributed to S Boopathy Vijayaraghavan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prenatal diagnosis of thrombosed aneurysm of vein of Galen.

Aneurysm of the vein of Galen in the fetus is a rare malformation that has been described in a small number of case reports. Thrombosis of aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare occurrence reported in postnatal cases. We report a case of thrombosis of vein of Galen aneurysm occurring in a fetus of 21 weeks' gestation. The fetus showed an echogenic mass posterior and superior to the thalamus. It also showed dilated dural venous sinuses, dilated neck vessels, cardiomegaly and minimal ascites. The pregnancy was terminated and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The present case is the first report of the prenatal sonographic features of this condition in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sonographic features of internal hernia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this series is to describe the sonographic findings in 4 patients with intestinal obstruction due to internal hernia. METHODS: Four patients had clinical features of intestinal obstruction. Sonography was performed with broadband convex and linear array transducers in these patients. RESULTS: In all 4 patients, there were features of intestinal obstruction with a zone of transition between dilated and nondilated bowel. There was a cluster of crowded, compressed, and aperistaltic small-bowel loops, as if they were tightly packed within a sac, by the side of this zone in 3 patients. This appearance was due to obstruction of the afferent loop caused by compression. In the last patient, there were 2 loops of dilated bowel within a sac outlined by fluid due to obstruction of the efferent loop. All 4 patients had obstructed internal hernias at laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic features of internal hernia are described.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

High-resolution sonographic spectrum of diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and their complications.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the high-resolution sonographic features of diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and their complications. METHODS: During a period of about 4 years 8 months, there were 25 patients with sonographic features of diverticulosis, uncomplicated diverticulitis, and complicated diverticulitis. The clinical symptoms, sonographic features, follow-up investigations, and management details were recorded. RESULTS: The common symptoms were pain in the left lower quadrant and fever. Sonographic features of uncomplicated diverticulitis were a varying appearance of the diverticulum with pericolic inflammation. Colonic wall thickening was not a consistent sign. Complications seen were pericolic, mesocolic, and intraperitoneal abscesses, colovesical fistulas, colouterine fistulas, perforation, and small-bowel obstruction. Uninflamed diverticula were seen in all patients with left-sided disease. They had 7 types of sonographic appearances. CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated diverticulitis is seen as a diverticulum of variable echogenicity with pericolic inflammation. An inflamed diverticulum is not visualized in complicated diverticulitis. Visualization of uninflamed diverticula helps reinforce the diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulitis and predict the cause in complicated diverticulitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sonographic differential diagnosis of acute scrotum: real-time whirlpool sign, a key sign of torsion.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the role of high-resolution and color Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum and testicular torsion in particular. METHODS: Patients who underwent sonography for acute scrotum between April 2000 and September 2005 were included in the study. Gray scale and color Doppler sonography of the scrotum was performed. The spermatic cord was studied on longitudinal and transverse scans from the inguinal region up to the testis, and the whirlpool sign was looked for. RESULTS: During this period, 221 patients underwent sonography for acute scrotum. Sixty-five had epididymo-orchitis with a straight spermatic cord, a swollen epididymis, testis, or both, an absent focal lesion in the testis, and increased flow on color Doppler studies along with the clinical features of infection. Three had testicular abscesses. Sonography revealed features of torsion of testicular appendages in 23 patients and acute idiopathic scrotal edema in 19. Complete torsion was seen in 61 patients who had the whirlpool sign on gray scale imaging and absent flow distal to the whirlpool. There was incomplete torsion in 4 patients in whom the whirlpool sign was seen on both gray scale and color Doppler imaging. Nine patients had segmental testicular infarction, and 1 had a torsion-detorsion sequence revealing testicular hyperemia. In 14 patients, the findings were equivocal. There was a complicated hydrocele, mumps orchitis, and vasculitis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in 1 patient each. Five patients had normal findings. Fourteen were lost for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography of acute scrotum should include study of the spermatic cord. The sonographic real-time whirlpool sign is the most specific and sensitive sign of torsion, both complete and incomplete. Intermittent testicular torsion is a challenging clinical condition with a spectrum of clinical and sonographic features.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Prenatal sonographic appearance of congenital bile duct dilatation associated with renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia.

We report the prenatal sonographic features of congenital bile duct dilatation associated with renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia. The condition was seen at 22 weeks of gestation and led to termination of pregnancy. This is the first description of congenital bile duct dilatation using prenatal sonography. It is also the first report of a case in which the features of dysplasia were evident in all three of the organs which may be affected, the kidneys, liver and pancreas.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Complete duplication of urinary bladder and urethra: prenatal sonographic features.

Prenatal sonographic features of the rare anomaly of complete duplication of the urinary bladder and urethra are described in this case report. A coronal scan of the fetal pelvis at 29 weeks of gestation revealed two pyriform cystic structures. The umbilical arteries coursed around both of them. They emptied independently of each other. Postnatally the newborn had two vulvae, two anal openings, two bladders and two uteri.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sonography of fetal micturition.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic visualization of fetal micturition and its role in the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves and hypospadias. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 25 male fetuses (21 with bilateral pyelectasis, one whose bladder was being studied because of ureterocele and three with hypospadias), and five female fetuses (with bilateral pyelectasis). A midline sagittal scan of the fetal pelvis, perineum and external genitalia was obtained and observed continuously during fetal micturition. RESULTS: In 19 of the 21 male fetuses and the five female fetuses with bilateral pyelectasis micturition was normal, with visualization of urinary bladder contraction, slight fluid distention of the urethra and a urinary stream from the external urethral meatus. In three male fetuses, two with bilateral pyelectasis and the one with ureterocele, the posterior urethra was normal at rest and it ballooned out during micturition, diagnostic of posterior urethral valves. In the three male fetuses with hypospadias the ventral jet of the urinary stream was visualized. CONCLUSION: Fetal micturition can be visualized on sonography. It may be of value in the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves and hypospadias.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed2004

Sonographic features of mesenteric gas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic appearance of air in the mesentery of the small bowel. METHODS: Sonography was performed with convex and linear array transducers in 2 patients with acute abdomen. RESULTS: In 1 patient, sonography revealed fluid and air in the peritoneal cavity. A thick-walled small-bowel loop with a thick echogenic mesentery was seen. Air was seen in the mesentery as linear bright echoes with acoustic shadowing. An uncomplicated diverticulum was seen. In the second patient, air was seen in the thick and echogenic mesentery of a thick-walled small bowel. An inflamed diverticulum was also seen. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic features of mesenteric air due to perforated diverticulitis of the jejunum are described.

Diverticulitis, Colonic↗
PubMed2004

Sonographic whirlpool sign in ovarian torsion.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an additional maneuver during sonography for ovarian torsion and to assess its diagnostic value. METHODS: During a period of about 2 years 6 months, 21 patients with acute or intermittent lower abdominal pain who had an ovarian mass and an extraovarian mass suggestive of a twisted vascular pedicle on sonography were studied. The gray scale features of the ovarian mass were recorded. The presence of a twisted vascular pedicle was evaluated. Its location and gray scale features were noted. The probe was moved to and fro along the axis of the pedicle, and the presence of a whirlpool sign was evaluated. The same procedure was repeated on a color Doppler study. RESULTS: A twisted pedicle with a whirlpool sign was seen in all 21 patients. Ovarian torsion was confirmed in all 20 patients who underwent surgery. The last patient was pregnant and did well with conservative treatment. Hemorrhagic infarction or early hemorrhage of the ovary or ovarian mass was seen in all 8 patients who did not show flow in the twisted pedicle on the color Doppler study and in 2 patients who showed flow in the artery in the proximal part of the pedicle. Of the 6 patients who showed flow in the artery alone, the ovary was removed in 4, and all had hemorrhagic infarction or early hemorrhage. The ovary was viable in all 5 patients in whom flow was seen in both the artery and vein. CONCLUSIONS: A positive whirlpool sign in the twisted vascular pedicle of the ovary is the most definitive sign of ovarian torsion. Absence of blood flow in the twisted pedicle and visualization of the flow in the artery alone are predictive of nonviability of the ovary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sonographic appearances in cysticercosis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic appearances of cysticercosis. METHODS: Sonography was performed with both convex and linear array transducers in 4 patients with different symptoms. RESULTS: In 2 patients, an intramuscular fluid collection was seen with a cysticercus cyst in it. In 1 patient, an irregular cyst with a small fluid collection on 1 side was seen. In the last patient, multiple elliptical millet seed-shaped calcifications were seen in the liver, mesentery, and retroperitoneal fat. CONCLUSIONS: Four different sonographic appearances of soft tissue cysticercosis are described.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Spectrum of high-resolution sonographic features of urinary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the high-resolution sonographic features of urinary tuberculosis. METHODS: During a period of about 3 years 6 months, there were 45 patients with sonographic features of urinary tuberculosis that was subsequently proved by urine culture or biopsy. The clinical symptoms, urinalysis findings, sonographic features, urine smear findings, and biopsy findings were recorded. RESULTS: The most common symptoms were dysuria and frequency of micturition. Sonographic features included parenchymal masses, cavities, mucosal thickening of the collecting system and urinary bladder, stenosis of the collecting system, a contracted urinary bladder, vesicoureteric reflux, and calcifications. The proof of tuberculosis was by urinalysis, culture, and biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution sonography in appropriate clinical situations is useful in diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis. The various high-resolution sonographic findings in urinary tuberculosis are illustrated. The distinguishing features are visualization of involvement of multiple sites and multiple stages of disease in the same patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the portal vein associated with right atrial isomerism.

We report the prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the portal system in a 20-week fetus with right atrial isomerism. The apex of the fetal heart pointed to the left, the fetal stomach was on the right, there was a common atrioventricular valve, the left ventricle was small and the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava were on the left side; all these features were suggestive of right atrial isomerism. An anomalous vein was connected to the portal vein which ascended above the diaphragm and ended in a confluence of pulmonary veins, posterior to the common atrium. Color Doppler imaging helped confirm the diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The prenatal findings were confirmed on autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prenatal sonographic features of intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration.

Congenital lung lesions that can be diagnosed on the basis of prenatal sonography include cystic adenomatoid malformations and extrapulmonary bronchopulmonary sequestrations. Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of the lung. The prenatal sonographic features of this condition are reported here.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal cocoon: sonographic features.

An abdominal cocoon is a rare condition in which the small bowel is encased in a membrane. The diagnosis is usually established at surgery. Here we describe the sonographic features of this condition.

Adolescent↗