Modulation of cytotoxicity against donor HLA markers by posttransplant sera from renal allograft recipients.
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Biomarkers↗
Biomedical subjects
S Bora
Publications and source records attributed to S Bora.
Management of nipple discharge.
In a series of 9,312 women who consulted one of the authors with a complaint of disease of the breast between 1959 and 1991, nipple discharge was the presenting symptom in 448 (4.8 percent). Nipple discharge was spontaneous in 243 (2.6 percent) and provoked in 205 (2.2 percent) of the patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 75 years (mean of 42.5 years) in the spontaneous and 16 to 70 years (mean of 37.8 years) in the provoked discharge group. When a palpable mass was found, biopsy was undertaken, while in instances of nipple discharge only, subareolar exploration was performed. Of the 115 patients in the spontaneous and 25 patients in the provoked groups who underwent biopsy, the most frequent cause of nipple discharge was intraductal papilloma (47.8 percent). Nipple discharge was the result of carcinoma in 35 patients (14.4 percent) in the spontaneous and six patients (2.9 percent) in the provoked group, respectively. In patients with a palpable mass, the incidence of carcinoma was 61.5 percent compared with 6.1 percent in patients with nipple discharge only. Patients presenting with nipple discharge should undergo biopsy or subareolar exploration based on the presence or absence of a palpable tumor. The patients in whom no clinical findings could be detected should have follow-up evaluation at regular intervals.
Adenofibroma↗
Gallstone recurrence after shock wave therapy.
Fifty-three patients with complete clearance of all gallstone fragments after combined extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) oral litholytic therapy were included in the study. Eight patients had recurrence of gallstones within the first year at follow-up evaluation. The rate of gallstone recurrence was 15.2 percent within the first year. Four of these eight patients reported biliary pain, the other four remained asymptomatic. The incidence of gallstone recurrence was high in patients who had multiple stones before ESWL treatment (p < 0.05). Age above 60 years was also associated with a higher rate of gallstone recurrence (p < 0.05).
Adult↗
The effects of vitamin E on immune regulation after thermal injury.
Studies were conducted on four groups of rats, each group consisting of 10 rats with burn + vitamin E, burn + saline solution, control + vitamin E and control + saline solution. Before and after burning 250 mg (2 cm3) of vitamin E was given intramuscularly. On the same days 2 cm3 of saline solution was given to the controls. The rats were burned over 30 per cent of their body surface area and then inoculated intraperitoneally with 40 units of tetanus toxoid. Complement fixation and acid phosphatase tests were carried out on the days 15 and 21 postburn. On day 21, the rats were killed and the spleens removed and weighted. In the groups that received vitamin E, the spleen weight and complement fixation test increased significantly while the acid phosphatase in serum decreased. In the clinical study, 17 burned patients with over 20 per cent deep partial or full skin thickness burns and eight healthy persons were studied. Nine of the 17 burned patients received vitamin E on 3 consecutive days, on day 4 blood was taken for analysis. The results showed that the number of T-cells decreased significantly in burn patients (P less than 0.05) whereas they increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in burn patients who received vitamin E. It is concluded from these experimental and clinical studies that vitamin E stimulates both cellular and humoral immunity. Therefore, the use of vitamin E in combination with conventional therapy in burn patients can be recommended.
Acid Phosphatase↗
A simple technique for wedge biopsy of the liver.
A technique for wedge biopsy of the liver is presented. By applying pressure on the liver, biopsy is performed. Cauterization of the bleeding surfaces in small areas provides hemostasis without need for sutures and hemostatic agents.
Biopsy↗
Circulating immonoglobulin M: increased concentrations in endemic and sporadic goiter.
Increased concentrations of immunoglobulin M have been found in the circulation of approximately half of patients with either endemic or sporadic nontoxic goiter. Blood was obtained from patients in several iodine-deficient goitrous areas; the patients with sporadic goiter resided in or about New York City. Concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and D were normal. Blood for control purposes was taken from patients residing in cities near the goiter areas where there was no iodine deficiency, and in New York City. Most of these samples came from hospitalized patients without known thyroid disease and were collected at random. Chi-square values for the difference between the number of goitrous patients with elevated concentrations of immunoglobulin M and those in the control patients were highly significant statistically.
Ecuador↗
The factors affecting blood pressure in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
To investigate the parameters affecting systemic blood pressure in pediatric renal transplant recipients, we retrospectively examined the data from 19 adolescent renal transplant recipients including 6 girls overall, mean age of 15,47 +/- 3.56 years. Serum creatinine (Scr), fractional extraction of sodium (FENa), whole blood trough cyclosporine(C0), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were monitored during a total of 677 visits. SBP and DBP, classified as <95p (groups 1s and 1d) and >95p (groups 2s and 2d), were correlated with differences between groups 1 and 2. Group 2s Scr and FENa levels were higher than group 1s (P =.002 and P =.048, respectively), whereas C0 and FENa levels were higher in Group 2d than Group 1d (P = 0.028 and P = 0.036, respectively). Among the entire group, SBP and DBP positively correlated with C0; Scr and SBP, with FENa. While there was a positive correlation between SBP and C0 in groups 1s and 2s (r = 0.188, P <.000; and r = 0.145, P =.040), DBP was only associated with C0 in group 1d (P =.03, r = 0.156). In contrast, DBP showed a positive correlation with Scr in group 2d (P =.023, r = 0.132), and SBP with Scr in Group 1s. C0 and Scr levels were correlated in Groups 1s, 1d and 2d. At high BP levels (>95p), SBP is mostly affected by C0; DBP, with Scr. However, in both groups these two parameters positively correlate with each other. Thus, in adolescent renal transplant recipients the cause of high blood pressure does not appear to be solely related to cyclosporine related to induced allograft dysfunction.
Adolescent↗
Seroma prevention by using Corynebacterium parvum in a rat mastectomy model.
Seroma formation is the most common complication after mastectomy and continues to be an important problem during the early postoperative period. Several surgical and medical methods have been developed to try to overcome this problem; however, so far none have been used successfully in the routine clinical practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) as a sclerosing agent in both prevention and treatment of seromas after mastectomy and axillary dissection in an animal model. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent mastectomy and axillary dissection under general anaesthesia. Following surgery, the rats were treated in 1 of 3 ways. In the prevention group, 1 cm3 (0.35 mg) CP solution was injected beneath the skin flap just before closure of the incision after mastectomy. In the treatment group, animals in which a seroma was formed, the fluid was aspirated, and 1 cm3 CP solution was injected beneath the flap. In the control group, animals in which seromas formed, aspiration only was performed. The frequency of seroma formation decreased when CP solution was injected immediately after the operation (p < 0.01). In addition, seroma formation was effectively treated by CP injection when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CP was effective as a prophylactic agent in the prevention group and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment group in this experimental model. CP injection may be useful for the management of this problem in a clinical setting.
Animals↗
The effects of lithotripsy on adrenocortical hormones.
In order to evaluate the effects of lithotripsy (ESWL) on adrenocortical hormone levels, we prospectively compared blood ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and DHEA-S levels of patients treated by lithotripsy and with elective operative cholecystectomy for biliary stone disease. After surgery, blood cortisol and ACTH levels were increased significantly at 16 hours (p < 0.05) and returned to normal at 40 hours while in the ESWL group the aforementioned enzyme levels were elevated significantly at 16 and 40 hours after ESWL (p < 0.05). The comparison of two groups at 16 hours showed no difference (p > 0.05). DHEA-S levels were elevated significantly at 16 hours after lithotripsy (p < 0.05) but the elevations after surgery were not significant (p > 0.05). Aldosterone levels were elevated significantly in both groups (p < 0.05) but the comparison of the two groups showed no difference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ESWL induces trauma to the neuroendocrine system and the duration of the response is longer when compared with surgical trauma.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Multiple large pyogenic liver abscesses of the tropics: a new entity.
BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscesses most commonly occur in males in -he sixth decade, are usually associated with biliary tract disease, malignancy and immunosuppression and the mortality rate is high. We describe another form of pyogenic abscess occurring in females which, if treated aggressively, carries a much better prognosis. METHODS: Between 1986 and 1993 we treated 8 patients with multiple pyogenic liver abscesses. Diagnosis was established by ultrasound and CT scan followed by needle aspiration to confirm pus. Amoebic aetiology was excluded by a serology, poor response to metronidazole and biopsy of the abscess wall. RESULTS: The mean age of our patients was 30 +/- 7 years and there were 2 males and 6 females. They presented with fever and abdominal pain for more than 2 months, tender hepatomegaly, a raised ESR and alkaline phosphatase. US and CT scans showed multiple large abscesses in the right lobe. Histology suggested chronic inflammation and with no definite organism isolated except for visceral larva migrans in one case. All patients underwent surgery--deroofing with drainage was done in four, segmental hepatic resection in three and right hepatectomy in one. One patient had a recurrence and underwent repeated resection. Only one patient died and 7 did well with no recurrence at a mean followup of 24 +/- 27 months. CONCLUSIONS: Large multiple cryptogenic pyogenic abscesses of the liver occurring mostly in young females, which respond well to aggressive excisional surgery may constitute a distinct clinical entity.
Adult↗