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Biomedical subjects

S Borulf

Publications and source records attributed to S Borulf.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cholelithiasis during the first year of life: case reports and literature review.

Five cases are reported of children with gallstones diagnosed by ultrasound during their first 7 months of life. Of the four with symptomatic gallstones, one subsequently developed vitamin K deficiency syndrome with profuse bleedings. The children, who belonged to a defined population, were all diagnosed within an 18-month span, suggesting the frequency of early gallstone formation to be higher than formerly supposed. One child had haemolytic anaemia, but none of the conventional risk factors for stone formation was present in the other four cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Protein and energy intake during weaning. III. Effects on plasma amino acids.

Preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations were measured at 5 and 6 months of age in 30 healthy term infants who were either breast-fed ad libitum or fed one of two different formulas (1.9 g of protein per 100 ml with a whey:casein ratio of 50:50; 2.9 g of protein per 100 ml with a whey:casein ratio of 20:80) ad libitum, plus the same supplementary food regimen. The mean plasma concentrations of total amino acids and especially total essential amino acids were higher in the formula-fed infants. Those fed formula also had plasma concentrations of methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, threonine, aspartate, proline, lysine, tyrosine, histidine that exceeded plasma concentrations of breast-fed infants by 2 or more standard deviations. Concentrations of arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, ornithine, serine, cystine did not differ and taurine was higher in the breast-fed infants. The data indicate that formulas in common use today during weaning (4-6 months) provide excessive protein intakes when compared to the breast-fed control infants. A lowering of protein concentration and a further manipulation of the whey:casein ratio is necessary if plasma amino acid patterns similar to those found in breast-fed infants is to be achieved with artificial feeding.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Immunoreactive anionic trypsin and anionic elastase in human milk.

Immunoreactive anionic trypsin and anionic elastase have been demonstrated in human milk, by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Cationic trypsin and cationic elastase could not be detected by these methods. The anionic trypsin is probably present in complex with IgA. No benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) splitting activity was found in human skim milk. Anionic trypsin was isolated by immunoadsorption chromatography. The purified enzyme had a BAPNA-splitting activity.

Anions↗
PubMed1987

Outbreak of coxsackievirus A-14 meningitis among newborns in a maternity hospital ward.

During the late winter of 1983, 16 newborns with vague symptoms of failure to thrive, reluctance to feed and a slight rise in body temperature, were found to have meningitis caused by Coxsackievirus A-14. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis with polymorphonuclear cells in excess but was otherwise normal. The clinical course was uneventful in all infants, but two of them demonstrated clinical signs of incipient cerebral oedema during the acute phase of the illness. An electroencephalogram (EEG) during the initial course of the disease and at nine months of age was normal in all. During a follow-up period of 2 1/2 years they all developed normally and no sequelae were noted. The presentation also demonstrates the usefulness of Vero cells for the propagation of the responsible virus.

Coxsackievirus Infections↗
PubMed1987

Protein and energy intake during weaning: I. Effects on growth.

The growth and food consumption of 30 healthy infants from 4 to 6 months of age have been measured. Two groups were assigned randomly to either a formula with 1.9 g of protein and 72 kcal per 100 ml (F1) or 2.7 g of protein and 69 kcal per 100 ml (F2). A third group of infants were fed breast milk (0.96 g of protein and 65 kcal per 100 ml (HM)). All infants received supplementary food according to the same regimen and were fed ad libitum. The mean protein intake was 1.3, 2.6 and 3.6 g/kg/day in the HM-, F1- and F2-groups respectively. The corresponding mean energy intake was 80, 101 and 94 kcal/kg/day. The formula-fed infants had significantly higher protein and energy intakes when compared to the breast-fed group. No significant differences were found in the rate of growth of crown-heel length, head circumference or in weight gain. The differences in protein intake between the breast- and formula-fed infants without differences in growth indicate that the formulas may provide a protein intake in excess to the needs.

Body Height↗
PubMed1987

Protein intake during weaning. II. Metabolic responses.

Metabolic responses to different feeding regimens during the weaning period have not previously been studied. In this study 30 healthy infants aged 4-6 months were divided into three feeding regimens with 10 infants in each. The regimens were: Human milk (HM-group), formula F1 with 1.9 g protein/100 ml (F1-group) or formula F2 with 2.7 g protein/100 ml (F2-group). All infants received the same supplementary food and were fed ad libitum. Concentrations of serum urea were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the formula groups as compared to the breast-fed infants throughout the entire study period. Serum albumin concentrations were within normal limits in the breast-fed infants indicating adequate protein nutritional status. There were no differences in the concentrations of creatinine and total nitrogen in urine between the artificially fed and the breast-fed infants at the beginning of the study (4 months), but at 6 months these concentrations were significantly higher in the formula-fed (infants (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that formulas now in common use during weaning provide amounts of protein which produce metabolic manifestations implying excessive protein intakes.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1985

Serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in children.

Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG gliadin antibodies were determined with a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method--diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA)--and the results were related to small intestinal mucosal morphology in 234 children suspected of having malabsorption. Fifty-six of 58 children with flat intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels (sensitivity 97%). Fifty-four of the 58 children had celiac disease (CD) (n = 25) or probable CD (n = 29). Four children with flat mucosa had cow's milk protein and/or soy protein intolerance and three of these had increased gliadin antibody levels. Seventeen percent of 132 children with normal intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels. IgA and IgG gliadin antibody levels decreased significantly in the celiac children on a gluten-free diet and increased significantly after gluten challenge. Determination of serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies by means of DIG-ELISA is a sensitive test for small intestinal mucosal damage in children. When malabsorption is suspected, we suggest that this assay be used to select children for a small intestinal biopsy. It is also very useful for the follow-up of adherence to a gluten-free diet and to determine the effect of gluten challenge in celiac children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Partial hydrolysis of cow's milk proteins by human trypsins and elastases in vitro.

The hydrolysis of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and casein by human anodal and cathodal trypsins and elastases was studied with the aid of electroimmunoassay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of hydrolysis of the various proteins by cathodal elastase exceeded that by anodal or cathodal trypsin and anodal elastase. Casein was hydrolyzed more efficiently than alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin. The hydrolysis of the three proteins occurred at a considerably slower rate when present in crude form, as in cow's milk, than when in purified form.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cathodal elastase in duodenal juice from children with gastrointestinal disorders.

Immunoreactive cathodal elastase, elastinolytic activity, and activity on the low-molecular elastase substrate succinyl-trialanine were assayed in duodenal juice from 89 fasting children with different malabsorption problems. Cathodal elastase immunoactivity (mean value, 0.06 g/liter) averaged 1% of the total protein content in duodenal juice and 1/16 of the succinyl-trialanine-splitting activity. A strong influence of age was found for immunoactivity and elastinolytic activity, indicating continuing development of the cathodal elastase during the first 24 months of life. In 81 children with normal pancreatic function, significantly lower levels for all parameters including total protein were found for 14 with coeliac disease than for 34 children with unclassified gastrointestinal disorders and 33 with cow's milk protein intolerance. In eight children with pancreatic insufficiency, seven lacked detectable immunoactive cathodal elastase; low levels of succinyl-trialanine-splitting activity were found in six, and remnants of elastinolytic activity in three.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Immunichemical determination of cathodal elastase in human duodenal juice.

In human duodenal juice enzymes hydrolysing the elastase substrate succinyl-trialanine-p-nitroanilide have both an anodal and cathodal mobility in agarose gel electrophoresis. The cathodal enzyme, also having an elastinolytic activity, was purified. An application of electroimmunoassay for separate determination of this cathodal elastase is presented. Parallel estimations of esterolytic, elastinolytic and immunochemical activities in duodenal juice from a group of children revealed discrepancies suggesting both variations in the distribution of the two forms of "elastases", and presence of inactive forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Immunochemical determination of two trypsins in human duodenal juice.

An application of electroimmunoassay to the separate determination of anionic and cationic trypsin in human duodenal juice is presented. The proportions of anionic to cationic immunoactive trypsin in duodenal juice from a group of children averaged 20 : 80. The ratio of immunoactive to esterolytically (BAPNA) active trypsin averaged 1.6 : 1, indicating the presence of inactive forms of trypsin in duodenal juice.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Agarose gel electrophoresis of duodenal juice in normal condition and in children with malabsorption.

Agarose gel electrophoresis (at pH 8.6) was used for qualitative determination of pancreatic enzymes in duodenal juice. The various enzymes were identified by staining techniques with specific chromogenic substrates, by quantitative determination of enzymes in eluates of gel slices, and by immunoelectrophoresis. The various protein bands corresponded to the following enzymes (from the anode to the cathode): chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsin, amylase (around the slit), lipase, elastase, and trypsin. The method was applied to a study of exocrine pancreatic function in 10 adults and 83 children suspected of having malabsorption. The duodenal juice, also analyzed for trypsin and amylase content, was collected in fasting condition and after a test meal of water. In patients with normal pancreatic function, all the enzyme bands were present and easy to recognize. In 87 patients carboxypeptidase A was present as two bands in 68 (80%), anodal trypsin as two bands in 39 (45%), and cathodal trypsin as two bands in 85 (97%). Electrophoresis of duodenal juice gave as much information from the fasting sample as after the test meal. Six children with pancreatic insufficiency (cystic fibrosis and Shwachmar's syndrome) had no or only faintly stained enzyme bands and a strongly stained albumin-containing band most anodally. The method is simple, rapid, and useful in routine work. The combination of this qualitative test with a quantitative one (e.g. trypsin determination) provides good information about exocrine pancreatic function.

Adolescent↗