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Biomedical subjects

S Bourke

Publications and source records attributed to S Bourke.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aetiological and prognostic correlates of site of myocardial infarction.

This is a study of the relationship between the site of infarction and both risk factors and in-hospital outcome in 745 consecutive patients admitted with a first myocardial infarction. Patients with anterior infarctions were significantly more likely never to have smoked than patients with inferior infarctions. They had a higher prevalence of hypertension and a higher mean cholesterol level. In-hospital prognosis was worse in anterior infarctions, with significantly higher rates of death and complications. Atrioventricular blocks were more common in inferior infarctions. Non-Q-wave infarctions had a lower incidence of complications than Q-wave infarctions. There was no difference in risk factor levels between Q-wave and non-Q-wave infarctions. Anterior and inferior infarctions were of similar size. Non-Q-wave infarctions were significantly smaller. A logistic regression showed a negative relationship between in-hospital mortality and smoking, and a positive one with peak cardiac enzyme levels. Any effect of site of infarction on mortality was eliminated when corrected for these factors. Our data indicate that the adverse prognosis associated with anterior myocardial infarction is related to differences in aetiology rather than to infarction size.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1988

Effect of treatment on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease: a randomised prospective trial.

This study investigated the effect of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and cimetidine on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease. In 74% of 135 patients with peptic disease diagnosed at endoscopy C pylori was detected before treatment. Compared with cimetidine, colloidal bismuth subcitrate significantly decreased the incidence of C pylori after six weeks of treatment (p less than 0.001). In the colloidal bismuth subcitrate group, subsequent healing of the lesion was correlated with the clearance of C pylori, unlike in the cimetidine group. C pylori was strongly associated with the presence of histological gastritis, which was decreased by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of cigarette smoking on the specific antibody response in pigeon fanciers.

Titres of circulating IgG antibodies to pigeon gammaglobulin and end expired carbon monoxide concentrations were measured in 86 pigeon fanciers attending the "Show of the Year." Antibody levels were significantly higher in non-smokers and in those with end expired carbon monoxide concentrations below 10 parts per million.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1988

Fatal recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The clinical features of a fatal case of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome are presented. The fatal episode was a recurrence of the syndrome after a milder episode 3 months earlier. Prescription of neuroleptics was continued unchanged following the latter, as a correct diagnosis was not made at the time. The case emphasises the importance of early recognition of the syndrome and the possibility of spontaneous remission of symptoms despite continued neuroleptic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Investigation of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients.

Cystic fibrosis patients are a special risk group for nephrotoxic effects of amino-glycosides (AG). The traditional methods of assessing renal damage are very insensitive, and toxicity is not detected until serious functional damage is evident. The aims of the present study were to monitor early markers of nephrotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients treated with gentamicin. Urinary excretion of beta-N-acetylglucosaminase (beta-NAG, a lysosomal enzyme) and low molecular weight proteins as identified on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were prospectively studied in cystic fibrosis outpatients and inpatients. Urinary excretions of beta-NAG and low molecular weight proteins were normal in cystic fibrosis patients not being treated with gentamicin. All patients being treated with intravenous gentamicin (average dose, 2.5 g over 9 days) showed markedly elevated urinary excretion of beta-NAG. SDS-PAGE of serial urine samples from CF patients during intravenous AG therapy showed increasing excretion of low molecular weight proteins. Protein excretion profiles from control subjects showed no change over equivalent time periods. CF patients receiving nebulized AG did not show altered protein excretion. beta-NAG excretion patterns were similar to changes detected in the SDS-PAGE system. No gross nephrotoxicity developed in these patients. Blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and plasma magnesium concentrations remained within normal limits. The pattern of protein excretion on SDS-PAGE was consistent with renal tubular rather than glomerular damage. The SDS-PAGE system provides an additional means of monitoring early subclinical nephrotoxicity of AG in CF patients.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Acute hypomagnesaemia complicating the treatment of meconium ileus equivalent in cystic fibrosis.

Meconium ileus equivalent (MIE) is a common and often recurrent complication in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). MIE is characterized by partial or complete bowel obstruction, resulting from abnormally viscid mucofaeculant material in the terminal ileum and right colon. Patients present with recurrent abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and/or a palpable faecal mass. Conventional treatment consists of the oral and rectal administration of the mucolytic agent N-acetylcysteine, and hypertonic solutions of sodium diatrizoate. We describe the occurrence of acute decreases in plasma magnesium in all of seven patients treated with this regimen with marked hypomagnesaemia (less than 0.70 mmol/l) in four of the seven patients. No changes in plasma sodium, potassium, or calcium were observed.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1988

Histological gastritis in duodenal ulcer: relationship to Campylobacter pylori and effect of ulcer therapy.

Antral gastritis has been described in up to 100% of patients with duodenal ulcer disease, and recently has been associated with Campylobacter pylori infection. The present study examines the effect of two ulcer therapies (cimetidine and colloidal bismuth subcitrate) on this lesion. Sixty-four consecutive patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomized to treatment with either agent upon entry into the study. Antral biopsies were taken at both initial and final endoscopies for culture of C. pylori and assessment of degree of gastritis (as based on inflammatory cell infiltrate: grades 0 to 3). The organism was detected in 90% of the patients at initial biopsy, and grades 2 and 3 gastritis were documented in 76%. The presence of the organism and the gastritis were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001), and the bacterium was not cultured from histologically normal antral mucosa. Active chronic gastritis (grade 3) was seen in 65% of those with C. pylori, and was not found in any patient without the bacterium. Cimetidine had no effect on either the organism or the gastritis, whereas the bismuth preparation significantly (p less than 0.002) reduced the prevalence of both. The present study documents that therapy directed against C. pylori has a significant effect on the gastritis of duodenal ulcer disease and possible mechanisms for the observed effects are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Episodic arthropathy in adult cystic fibrosis.

Five (8.5 per cent) of 59 adult patients with cystic fibrosis described a characteristic arthropathy which was episodic, self-limiting and polyarticular, affecting large and small peripheral joints without evidence of progression to joint damage. The five patients with arthropathy did not differ from the remaining 54 with respect to manifestations of cystic fibrosis. Synovial fluid obtained from two patients during acute episodes was clear, viscous and contained no cells. Biopsies of synovial membrane from the same patients demonstrated prominent congested blood vessels with some synovial oedema, but no evidence of inflammation. Immunofluorescent staining of synovial membrane demonstrated characteristic intimal deposition of immunoglobulin in the vessels. In one of the two patients acute arthropathy was accompanied by transient cutaneous vasculitis, circulating immune complexes and lowered serum complement levels, which suggests that the episodic arthropathy in at least some patients with cystic fibrosis is mediated by an immune mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of long acting and short acting oestradiol implants on growth rate and carcase weight of steers.

The effects of a number of steroid hormone treatments on growth were examined in a trial involving 204 Friesian-type steers which was carried out over an 11 month period from May to April. The animals were at pasture from May until October and were over-wintered indoors on grass silage and supplementary concentrates. Thirty-four animals were used as untreated controls, and there were four treatment groups: 43 steers were implanted with pellet-type implants containing 20 mg oestradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone on days 1, 105 and 187; 47 steers were implanted with a single silastic rubber implant containing 45 mg oestradiol-17 beta; 36 steers received treatment (1) and in addition were implanted on the same days with 300 mg trenbolone acetate; 44 steers received treatment (2) and were also implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate on days 1, 105 and 187. The mean liveweight gains (+/- sem) of the steers during the first 249 days of the trial were 201.7 kg for the controls and 236.8, 219.4, 254.4 and 247.8 (+/- 6.1) kg for the steers assigned to treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The corresponding values for the carcase weights (+/- sem) were 300.0 kg for the controls and 318.4, 312.0, 327.9 and 321.6 (+/- 3.5) kg for the treated groups. Although all the treatments increased the liveweight gains and carcase weights significantly compared with the controls, the responses to the silastic rubber implants were smaller owing primarily to an apparently high rate of loss of the implants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗