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Biomedical subjects

S Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to S Boyd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Relationship of NEO-PI to personality styles and severity of trauma in chronic PTSD victims.

The relationship of the NEO-PI to personality disorders was evaluated in a clinical population. Eighty subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were given this measure, along with the MCMI-II and PTSD and combat scales. Two questions were addressed: (1) What is the relationship of NEO-PI domains and facets to personality disorders?; and (2) What is this scale's relationship to PTSD problems? Results support previous studies that employed a clinical population, but with lower correlation coefficients. For the most part, then, the NEO-PI domains and facets correlated in expected ways with the MCMI-II. On PTSD measures, N accounted for the majority of the variance, but other domains were entered when independent regression equations were calculated to account for different personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of non-invasive blood pressure measurement by the Finapres method at rest and during dynamic exercise in subjects with cardiovascular insufficiency.

The accuracy and precision of the Finapres in recording rest and exercise blood pressure compared with the intra-arterial (aortic and branchial) and random-zero sphygmomanometer methods was assessed in 84 ischaemic patients in three different studies. Firstly, comparison at rest with the aortic intra-arterial pressure in 50 ischaemic patients demonstrated that the Finapres systolic (136.5 +/- 21.1 vs. 129.3 +/- 19.0 mmHg; p < 0.001) and mean (92.4 +/- 13.4 vs. 90.7 +/- 11.4 mmHg; p < 0.001) arterial pressures were higher and diastolic pressures lower (70.4 +/- 11.5 vs. 71.5 +/- 9.8 mmHg; p < 0.001). The reproducibility of the Finapres and invasive method was similar for systolic (4.6% vs. 4.0%), diastolic (2.8% vs. 2.7%) and mean (3.3% vs. 3.0%) blood pressures. Second, in seven subjects studied twice at rest and during 4 min supine bicycle exercise, the exercise increase in blood pressure was greater on the Finapres compared with the brachial intra-arterial pressure (systolic +10.2 +/- 6.3 vs. +3.6 +/- 9.8 mmHg; diastolic +9.6 +/- 11.1 vs. +0.2 +/- 2.1 mmHg; p = 0.02 for each); however, at steady-state the peak/trough differences in pressure between the methods were similar. Thirdly, compared under rest conditions, to random zero sphygmomanometer (RZO), the Finapres systolic pressure was higher (6.8 +/- 3.5 mmHg) and diastolic pressure lower (-6.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg). During upright bicycle exercise, the difference between the Finapres and RZO in systolic blood pressure increased at each level of exercise (+14.3 +/- 4.2, +17.9 +/- 4.0 and +22.2 +/- 4.1 mmHg respectively at each exercise stage: p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Disordered peripheral nerve conduction in DOOR(S) syndrome.

A case of DOOR(S) syndrome is detailed and the neurophysiological abnormalities observed in this patient and in other cases with this rare but recognisable autosomal recessive condition are considered. Particular emphasis is paid to the abnormal peripheral nerve conduction, which has not previously been recorded in the condition.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

Nitric oxide synthase: a new diagnostic tool for neurogenic impotence.

Cavernosal biopsy specimens obtained from men undergoing penile surgery permitted determination of the diagnostic value of nitric oxide synthase in neurogenic impotence. In biopsy specimens obtained from 25 men, the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as shown by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase staining, was determined in nerve fibers, smooth muscle, and sinusoidal endothelium. Positive staining for NOS correlated significantly (p < or = 0.001) with a clinical history of cavernous nerve integrity. In comparison, staining with protein gene product (PGP 9.5), an excellent general nerve stain, lacked any degree of specificity as an indicator of nerve status. NADPH diaphorase may provide important insight into the cavernous nerve integrity of the patient. This report is the first to describe histologic features of human cavernosal tissue biopsies that will allow the direct diagnosis of neurogenic impotence owing to cavernous nerve damage.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1993

A model for Alzheimer's disease support group development in African-American and Hispanic populations.

Alzheimer's disease caregiver support groups were developed simultaneously in two southeastern cities with existing AD support groups but without ethnic minority use. The "ethic competence" concept, featuring targeted ethnographic methods, was applied in African-American and Hispanic communities in both sites. In 2 years, 114 ethnic minority primary caregiver and patient dyads were identified and African-American and Hispanic support groups were functioning.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of response to transurethral hyperthermia and prostate volume in BPH patients.

A response to transurethral microwave hyperthermia (TUHT) at 915 MHz and its relationship to prostate volume was examined in 63 poor surgical risk benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. All patients had moderate-to-severe obstructive signs and symptoms, and received > or = 5 TUHT one-hour sessions. Treatment temperature was controlled on the urethral surface at 45 degrees C +/- 1 degree C. Follow-up ranged from twelve to forty-four months (mean 18 months). The mean prostate volume was 57 cc (range 10-301 cc). There were 40 patients (63%) with prostate volume < or = 50 cc and 23 (37%) with a volume > 50 cc. Treatment failure was seen in 6 patients (10%). It was 10 percent in 40 patients with smaller glands and 9 percent for those 23 with larger prostates, N.S. at p = 0.49. Subjective treatment response was seen in 58 patients (92%). It was 90 percent for the 40 patients with < or = 50 cc prostates vs. 96 percent for the 23 with > 50 cc prostates, N.S. at p = 0.75. This study suggests that the initial prostate volume is not an important parameter predicting response to TUHT.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Surgical management of urethral strictures based on etiology. Where do urethral stents fit in?

Recent studies in the urologic literature indicate a renewed interest in the management of urethral stricture disease. Specifically, urologists are now treating all types of urethral strictures regardless of location, etiology, or extent with methods other than primary urethroplasty or direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU), i.e., balloon dilation or urethral stenting. To see which patients might best be managed by these new modalities, we reviewed our experience with urethral strictures at LAC-USC Medical Center.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Progressive bulbar paralysis of childhood. A reappraisal of Fazio-Londe disease.

Fazio-Londe disease is a label sometimes applied to a degenerative disease of the motor neurons characterized by progressive bulbar paralysis in children. It is very rare with only 22 case reports describing 24 children including four sibling pairs. In two reports mothers and sons were affected. The neuropathology is described in only four cases. Previous authors have recognized that the condition is very heterogeneous. The clinical features of five children with this type of progressive bulbar paralysis, diagnosed at this hospital between 1969 and 1989, are reviewed, and in two cases neuropathological findings are detailed. Based on this experience, suggested criteria for diagnosis include clinical features of a pure motor neuronopathy affecting the bulbar nuclei, exclusion of other causes of progressive bulbar paralysis and positive support for the diagnosis from electromyography and/or pathological examination. A review of the literature, combined with the present series, suggests that there are at least three distinct subtypes: a very rare autosomal dominant form (as described by Fazio) and two variants with probable autosomal recessive inheritance either with early onset of respiratory symptoms and rapid progression to death or later onset, less prominent respiratory symptoms and protracted clinical course. There is strong concordance for each clinical pattern within families.

Bulbar Palsy, Progressive↗
PubMed1992

Discovery of a well-absorbed, efficacious renin inhibitor, A-74273.

The development of orally active renin inhibitors has been plagued by limited bioavailability in animals and humans. A-74273 is a novel, potent nonpeptide inhibitor of human renin (IC50 = 3.1 nM). This compound was absorbed into the portal and systemic circulations of anesthetized rats, ferrets, monkeys, and dogs after intraduodenal dosing. This favorable pattern also was observed after oral dosing in conscious animals, except in monkeys. Hepatic extraction of A-74273 was more efficient in rats and monkeys than in dogs or ferrets. A-74273 modestly inhibits dog renin, and when given orally as the base (0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg; n = 8 per dose) to conscious, salt-depleted dogs it induced dose-related reductions in mean arterial pressure and plasma renin activity. Peak falls in mean arterial pressure from normotensive baselines were -14 +/- 1, -26 +/- 3, and -44 +/- 3 mm Hg for the 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Baseline plasma renin activity values (10.9 +/- 1.1-12.7 +/- 1.1 ng angiotensin I/ml/hr) were maximally inhibited, ranging from 43 +/- 8% at 0.3 mg/kg to 98 +/- 1% at 30 mg/kg. Bioavailability in this model was estimated to be 54 +/- 13% when plasma drug levels were determined by a renin inhibitory activity assay, but bioavailability was lower when compared with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of A-74273. This discrepancy was accounted for by the identification of structurally similar metabolites that are as active as the parent drug against human renin but much less potent against dog renin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Urinary tract stones: a complication of the Kock pouch continent urinary diversion.

Urinary tract stone disease has been found to be a later complication associated with the construction of the Kock pouch continent urinary diversion. Of 383 patients who underwent Kock pouch diversion between August 1982 and December 1986 stones developed in the pouch in 64 (16.7%), usually on exposed staples or eroded Marlex used to construct the nipple valves. Stones have recurred in 13 of the 64 patients (22%). Most stones were removed endoscopically with techniques similar to those used for percutaneous stone removal. Risk factors for stone formation include Marlex collar erosion and acute pyelonephritis. Changes in surgical techniques with elimination of the Marlex collar and a reduction in the number of staples have reduced the incidence of this later complication to 10%.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Functional properties of rat brain sodium channels expressed in a somatic cell line.

Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with complementary DNA encoding the RIIA sodium channel alpha subunit from rat brain led to expression of functional sodium channels with the rapid, voltage-dependent activation and inactivation characteristic of sodium channels in brain neurons. The sodium currents mediated by these transfected channels were inhibited by tetrodotoxin, persistently activated by veratridine, and prolonged by Leiurus alpha-scorpion toxin, indicating that neurotoxin receptor sites 1 through 3 were present in functional form. The RIIA sodium channel alpha subunit cDNA alone is sufficient for stable expression of functional sodium channels with the expected kinetic and pharmacological properties in mammalian somatic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Management of animal and human bites in the head and neck.

Management of bites requires both local wound and systemic considerations. The authors will highlight their experience in 32 cases. Interestingly in this series, human bites were more common than animal bites. The bacteriology, antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment of human and animal bites will be reviewed. A management protocol that we use is based on whether the bite was inflicted by a human, dog, or other animal. The discussion will include cases demonstrating immediate and delayed reconstruction. Long-term follow-up was possible for a number of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The blood-testis barrier in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism.

Unilateral cryptorchidism was induced in Wistar rat pups within 48 h of birth. After a period of 150 days, the blood-testis barrier was evaluated in the cryptorchid and contralateral scrotal testis, using a lanthanum immersion technique. The barrier was demonstrated to be competent, with tracer confined to the basal and intermediate compartments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ataxia, developmental delay and an extensive neuronal migration abnormality in 2 siblings.

Two siblings with developmental delay and a non-progressive cerebellar ataxia are described. The electroencephalograms in both children showed a rather unusual pattern of high amplitude 10-12/s rhythms maximal anteriorly, while extensive neuronal migration abnormalities were apparent on Magnetic Resonance scans. There were no dysmorphic features, metabolic abnormalities, chromosomal defects or evidence of prenatal environmental toxins. It is considered that these siblings have an autosomal recessive neuronal migration defect which has not previously been reported.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Continent urinary diversion.

From August 1982 through March 1988, 531 patients have undergone continent urinary diversion using an ileal reservoir constructed according to the method of Kock. For the last 18 months we have used the principle of Kock reservoir construction for primary lower urinary tract reconstruction after cystectomy in 39 highly selected male patients by means of a ureteroileal urethrostomy. Early complications occurred in 86 of 531 patients (16.2 per cent), resulting in an operative mortality rate of 1.9 per cent (10 of 531). The early complication rate was 16.5 per cent among patients undergoing 1-stage cystectomy and Kock pouch construction, and 15.2 per cent among patients undergoing Kock pouch conversion. Late complications have been analyzed in 489 patients who have undergone Kock cutaneous diversion. The complications unique to continent urinary diversion, their incidence and the effect of technical modifications in reducing the number of late complications are shown. Note that since the last modification in July 1985 the over-all incidence of late complication has decreased to 22 per cent. Based on this ongoing experience we conclude that the continent ileal reservoir, as conceived by Kock, remains the ideal internal reservoir for bladder replacement in terms of volume accommodation with the lowest internal pressures, and the intussuscepted ileal nipple valve mechanism is a reproducible, highly effective mechanism that prevents reflux and pyelonephritis in greater than 95 per cent of the patients and produces excellent continence. Our enthusiasm remains tempered by the need for reoperation in approximately 10 to 15 per cent of the patients, usually due to a pinhole fistula or false passage at the base of the efferent nipple valve mechanism. Electrolyte abnormalities rarely occur and in the absence of radiation gastrointestinal dysfunction is unusual. Continent urinary diversion is a viable concept that provides a real alternative in terms of quality of life and self-image for the patient who requires urinary diversion for any reason.

Adolescent↗